Karoline Luise of Hessen-Darmstadt

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Margravine Karoline Luise von Baden (1723–1783)
Princess Karoline Luise of Hessen-Darmstadt, later Margravine of Baden

Karoline Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt (born July 11, 1723 in Darmstadt ; † April 8, 1783 in Paris ) was Margravine of Baden by marriage, as well as a patron, art collector and botanist.

Life

Childhood and youth

Karoline Luise was a daughter of Landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768) from his marriage to Charlotte (1700–1726), daughter and heiress of Count Johann Reinhard III. from Hanau . After her mother's death, she and her siblings were carefully brought up by their father in Buchsweiler . A marriage project with the Duke of Cumberland failed. The independently thinking and gifted princess herself rejected the Hereditary Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt after asking for her hand.

On January 28, 1751, she married Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden-Durlach (1728–1811) in Darmstadt , who ruled as Margrave of Baden in 1771 after the fall of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden .

Margravine of Baden

The margravine shaped court life in the city and residence of Karlsruhe in the margraviate of Baden, founded by her husband's grandfather in 1715, through her involvement in the humanities and cultural issues. Karoline Luise spoke five languages ​​and was well versed in numerous fields of knowledge. As an ardent admirer of Voltaire , she was in lively correspondence with him.

During this time the residence developed into one of the intellectual and artistic centers of the empire. Alongside Voltaire, her guests included such important contemporaries as Johann Gottfried von Herder , Johann Caspar Lavater , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , Christoph Willibald Gluck and Christoph Martin Wieland .

Karoline Luise was temporarily a member of the Margravial Badische Hofkapelle as a harpsichordist , which she and the Margrave greatly expanded and supported. She was also a talented draftsman, numerous red chalk drawings and pastels with portraits by the hand of the margravine have been preserved. She was a member of the Copenhagen Academy of Arts .

The margravine had a particular fondness for the natural sciences and worked intensively on botany, zoology, physics, medicine, mineralogy, geology and chemistry. Lavater referred to her in a letter to Goethe as the “well-informed and frequent questioner of Baden”. Her living area in Karlsruhe Palace included a studio and a laboratory in which she carried out physical and chemical experiments.

Carl von Linné named the lucky chestnut Carolinea prinzeps L. in her honor (known today as the houseplant Pachyra aquatica AUBL.). Karoline Luise planned to publish an extensive botanical compilation with images of all plants according to the Linnaeus system , but the undertaking failed due to lack of financial means. In addition, the Halle botanist Friedrich Wilhelm von Leysser was the official mineral collector on behalf of the Countess for many years. She also personally visited sites, such as the Riestergang in Sulzburg .

Karoline Luise managed her possessions on the right bank of the Rhine herself. She was extremely successful here economically, promoted madder cultivation and ran a soap and candle factory. After falling down stairs in 1779, Karoline Luise's health was impaired. During a trip to Paris, accompanied by her son Friedrich, she died after a stroke.

The “Mahlerey Cabinet” and the Margravine's natural history cabinet formed the basis for today's State Art Gallery Karlsruhe and the State Museum for Natural History Karlsruhe .

Honors

The plant genus Carolinea L.f. is named after her. from the Mallow family (Malvaceae).

progeny

Karoline Luise with her two oldest sons Karl Ludwig and Friedrich. Painting by Joseph Melling , 1757.

From her marriage to Karl Friedrich von Baden , Karoline Luise had three sons, whom she raised herself and also taught so as not to let them be "ruined":

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Louis VI. Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1630–1678)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ernst Ludwig Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1667–1739)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elisabeth Dorothea of ​​Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1640–1709)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albrecht II of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1620–1667)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1661–1705)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen (1634–1664)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Karoline Luise of Hessen-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1628–1666)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Reinhard III. von Hanau (1665–1736)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anna Magdalena of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1640–1693)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg (1700–1726)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1676–1731)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johanna Elisabeth of Baden (1651–1680)
 
 
 
 
 
 

literature

  • Karl Obser :  Karoline Luise (Margravine of Baden) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 510-513.
  • Claudia Kollbach: Karoline Luise von Baden-Durlach as the mother of her sick children. Medical practices as part of the upbringing of princes in the second half of the 18th century . In: zeitenblicke 4 (2005), No. 3 ( full text )
  • Jan Lauts : The Monogrammist FR from 1760: Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein and his student Margravine Karoline Luise von Baden. 1982
  • Jan Lauts : Karoline Luise von Baden: a life picture from the time of the Enlightenment , Müller, 1980
  • Annelis Schwarzmann, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe: Caroline Luise, Margravine of Baden, 1723–1783: Exhibition on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of her death , K. Theiss, 1983
  • Holger Jacob-Friesen, Pia Müller-Tamm (ed.): The master collector - Karoline Luise von Baden. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin, Munich 2015, ISBN 9783422073128 (catalog for the large state exhibition in the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe from May 30 to September 6, 2015).
  • Karl Obser: Margravine Karoline Luise von Baden and her botanical compilations. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 62 (1908), pp. 41-78 in the Internet Archive
  • Gerhard Römer: Caroline Luise, Margravine of Baden: a learned princess of the Age of Enlightenment . In: Gerhard Römer: books, donors, libraries. Book culture between the Neckar and Lake Constance. Stuttgart 1997, pp. 153-164.
  • Laila Baur: La douleur profonde. The mourning of Karoline Luise von Baden in 1783 . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, vol. 167. 2019, pp. 155–177.
  • Christoph Frank, Wolfgang Zimmermann (ed.): Enlightened art discourse and courtly collecting practice. Karoline Luise von Baden in a European context. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-422-07313-5

Web links

Commons : Karoline Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jakob Jonas Björnståhl : Letters on his trips abroad to the Royal Librarian CC Gjörwell in Stockholm , Volume 5, Leipzig and Rostock 1782, p. 127 in the Google book search ; Björnståhl names a Mr. Gautier from Paris as an engraver. It is probably one of the sons of Jacques Fabien Gautier d'Agoty. For this see also the article in the French Wikipedia w: fr: Jacques Gautier d'Agoty
  2. ^ H. Maus, in: Stadtverwaltung Sulzburg (ed.), Mining History Trail Sulzburg , 1979, p. 33
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Karoline Luise of Hessen-Darmstadt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Karoline Luise Margravine of Baden-Durlach
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Princess of Hessen-Darmstadt, by marriage Margravine of Baden-Durlach
DATE OF BIRTH July 11, 1723
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 1783
Place of death Paris