Sulzburg Castle

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Sulzburg Castle

The Sulzburg Castle is the construction of the former margrave castle in Sulzburg in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in southwestern Baden-Wuerttemberg . The construction was decided by Margrave Ernst I of Baden-Durlach in 1515. Construction began in 1527. The castle, which was expanded into a residential complex under Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach, suffered severe damage during the Thirty Years' War and the Wars of Succession . The area of ​​the complex, also known as the city palace, which is still preserved today, the hall and stables wing, has been a listed building since 1996. The Saalbau has been used as an art auction house by Auktionshaus Kaupp GmbH since 2004.

location

Sulzburg Castle around 1900

The small town of Sulzburg is located in the Markgräflerland , on the edge of the Upper Rhine Plain . There, in the southern corner of the old town center, directly on the market square, is the T-shaped hall and stables that have been preserved from the former residential palace. The main facade of the preserved hall building faces the market square with its octagonal market fountain from 1747. The extension of the residence area originally included the hall and stables building as well as the lost ball house at the back , the former town church (built in 1838 as a successor to the former castle church, today the state mining museum ), today's town hall and the castle garden behind it (today the spa gardens, remains of the wall preserved) .

history

The wild man on the facade of the castle

In 1527 the construction of the palace complex began "on the site of four bought houses" by Margrave Ernst I of Baden-Durlach , who had decided to move his residence to Sulzburg in 1515. After Ernst I had inherited the lower margraviate of Baden-Durlach and this made it necessary to relocate his residence to Pforzheim in 1533 , Sulzburg only became a residential town again under Margrave Georg Friedrich between 1599 and 1604 . In this context, the facility was significantly enlarged. When Georg Friedrich moved his government business to Durlach at the beginning of the 17th century , the residential palace remained the seat of the margravial widows and several noble families. The figure of a “ wild man ” in a niche facing the courtyard of the hall bears witness to the ruler's building activities with the two coats of arms that can be attributed to Margrave Georg Friedrich and his wife Juliane Ursula Wild- und Rheingräfin .

After the extensive expansion by Georg Friedrich, the residence experienced a brief flowering that lasted only a few decades before it suffered severe damage during the Thirty Years' War and further devastating destruction in the subsequent French Wars . The French had set up their winter quarters in Sulzburg in the winter of 1677/78. Presumably during this capture, probably during the trigger, the lock burned down to the right wing.

Building history

Hans Bock the Elder Ä., City view of Sulzburg, around 1580 (detail)
Matthäus Merian d. Ä., Sulzburg, 1643

A probably between 1565 and 1585 by Hans Bock the Elder. Ä. The completed city view of Sulzburg shows that the oldest castle built under Margrave Ernst I since 1527 must have been an elongated structure with a crooked hip roof . According to the drawing, the upper part of the building must have consisted of half-timbering. In an engraving by Matthäus Merian d. Ä. from 1643 this has been replaced by a stone floor, probably under Margrave Georg Friedrich. Merian's illustration shows the two-storey hall building still preserved today, but three-storey. This can be described as a mistake, because "the northern gable still stands today with its windows stepped according to size with the originally Gothic robes ..."

Johann Jakob Arhardt, reconstruction plan for the castle, 1750

Presumably after the changes made to the residential wing were completed, i.e. at the beginning of the 17th century, Georg Friedrich transformed his residence into a spacious palace complex. For this he probably brought in Georg Ridinger , who was active in the 16th century as "Margravischer bawmeister zu Durlach". On the south and east side, Georg Friedrich had three wings added: a hall, a ballroom and a servant wing. According to Merian's drawing, these buildings seem to have been built of stone, with gable roofs and partly stepped gables. On the northern edge of the castle courtyard, Georg Friedrich had a castle church built on the site of the former Gothic town church between 1600 and 1610, which was included in the completely walled castle area and connected to the battlement. The margrave had a garden with a fountain laid out further to the west. A floor plan drawn by Johann Jakob in 1659, the oldest surviving building survey of the palace, shows that the palace complex, with a length of 180 meters and a width of 42 meters, was integrated into the south-west of the city. The Residenzpark took up the western half of the complex. “The actual castle, a three-storey building 60 meters long and 16.5 meters wide, stood with its longitudinal front in the course of the medieval city wall; a round "Schnegg" stuck to its outside. A larger stair tower was attached to the northern longitudinal front facing the city, with five sides of the hexagon protruding in front of the escape. ”Jacob's floor plan shows the elongated main building, which had already burned down at the time of his drawing. Adjacent to this to the east is the stables building still preserved today - also an elongated construction. Another plan from the 17th century by the Durlach city architect Johann Jakob Arhardt shows that this building was used as a stables on the ground floor, while the upper floor was made up of princely apartments, consisting of a "camer, room, antechamber" and a large "Vor Ehren" d. H. an anteroom. The kitchen and hall building joined the “Vor Ehren” at right angles.

Post-history

Although extensive plans were made to rebuild the heavily damaged residence, construction activities were essentially limited to maintenance work and repairs in the hall, kitchen and cellar area. A town plan drawn by Johann Garny in 1789/90 shows that the area on which the remains of the oldest castle wing once stood had been leveled into a geometrically laid out green area. Between 1833 and 1835 the wine merchant CF Sexauer had a winery built on the green area. The building, which has largely been preserved in terms of structure and facilities, was acquired by the city in 1960 and is now used as the town hall.

The hall and stables, the only remaining structures in the palace area, were transferred to the Sulzburg community in 1834, "which moved the city government office, the archive and the guardhouse there".

The hall construction

Repair proposal for the roof structure over the kitchen and hall building, which had been stripped of its tie rods, early 18th century.
Anthony Schatz, reconstruction plan for Sulzburg Castle, 1750

The massive ground floor of the hall building, which was built over a large, two-aisled wine cellar , is a wide pillar hall with six groin vaults , which opens in three arcades to the former castle courtyard - today's marketplace. The pillars are provided with edging and mirrors. The ground floor was used as a kitchen at the time of the margraves. On the only upper floor, which was built in half-timbered houses, was the large ballroom, which is now divided into individual rooms. A vestibule was accessed via a double flight of stairs at the south end of the hall . The actual hall had a vaulted ceiling and once had the remarkable dimensions of at least 22 meters long and 12.50 meters wide. Presumably by the master builder Georg Ridinger , the then rare construction of a segment barrel made of wood was chosen, which was attached to hanging beams in the roof structure. However, this roof construction had already become dilapidated at the beginning of the 18th century due to the looting of the iron tie rods. Attempts were made to repair it using lifting and pulling harnesses, as a carefully made drawing tells us.

A protocol published in April 1690 about the structural condition of the palace complex after the first destruction in the Thirty Years War still spoke of a splendid room “which was decorated with plaster of paris and gold”, but was now partially smashed.

In the 18th century, the Emmendingen architect Anthony Schatz drew a total of four designs for the restoration of the palace. One draft presents a division of the hall into nine rooms of different sizes, with particular emphasis on the fact that most of the rooms should be heatable. However, this project was not implemented.

The drafts made by the architect PK Rittershausen in 1939 provided for the town hall and a ballroom to be set up in the former hall and kitchen. In addition to rooms for the mayor and the council clerk, a cash room, a library, an archive and a wedding room were planned on the ground floor. One should be able to enter the public hall, which opens up all other rooms, via an “honor hall” located behind three arcades. The ballroom on the upper floor should be provided with an event stage. It was probably the outbreak of the Second World War and the associated economic difficulties that prevented this conversion of the remaining castle wings into Sulzburg's town hall.

After the war, the hall building served as a savings bank branch, day care center and provisional town hall. The cellar was used as a warehouse and also as a party room for clubs, wine festivals and other folk festivals. Up until the renovation and refurbishment work, the “Arkaden-Kultur-Verein” was actively involved in the ballroom - today's auction room.

After extensive renovation and modernization in accordance with listed buildings by the architect Claus Hofmann and in cooperation with the managing directors of the Auktionshaus Kaupp GmbH, Karlheinz Kaupp and Melanie Edelbruch, the art auction house moved into the hall in 2004.

The auction house

The hall building, which is considered a cultural monument, has been used by the Kaupp GmbH auction house since 2004. In 2009 Karlheinz Kaupp, managing director of the auction house, acquired the building. The former ballroom, which today still measures around 150 square meters, serves as the auction room.

The ball house

Section through the ballroom with the roof structure held by tie rods, 1720

The ball house , which was once in front of the Marstall to the east, has been well handed down through a section and a floor plan from 1720. Covered by a hipped roof, it was a lengthwise rectangular structure without any internal subdivision. "The wide-spanned roof, consisting of six federal axes, rose above the side walls with the knee-stick, a suspended structure that was held together by ironworks and hanging anchors because of the large span of around 40 feet." At the height of the knee-stick there was a circumferential corridor for spectators.

Even the ballroom was not spared from the wars of the 17th century. Although there were plans in the 18th century to convert the building into a warehouse, it is not known whether this happened. In 1922, the ballroom was completely demolished, using demolition material for the construction of the apartment in the stables wing.

literature

Web links

Commons : Sulzburg Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 27 .
  2. ^ Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Az: Ka / 34 . January 1996, p. 1 .
  3. ^ Konstantin Schäfer: Sulzburg . In: Chronicle of the district of Müllheim . 1968, p. 237 .
  4. ^ Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Az: Ka / 34 . January 1996, p. 4 .
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 26-27 .
  6. ^ Ingeborg Hecht: Heimat im Bild. Sulzburg - A foray through past and present . Schönbergverlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1985, p. 8 .
  7. ^ Eduard Christian Martini: Sulzburg. A city, mining and forest story . In: Freiburger Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Journal of the society for the promotion of the history, antiquity and folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the adjacent landscapes . tape 5 , no. 1 . Fehsenfeld, Freiburg im Breisgau 1880, p. 65 ff .
  8. ↑ a b Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 30th f .
  9. ^ Ingeborg Hecht: Heimat im Bild. Sulzburg - A foray through past and present . Schönbergverlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1985, p. 6 .
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 35-36 .
  11. ^ Ingeborg Hecht: Heimat im Bild. Sulzburg - A foray through past and present . Schönbergverlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1985, p. 26 .
  12. ^ A b Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Az: Ka / 34 . January 1996, p. 1-2 .
  13. ↑ a b Joseph Schlippe: Sulzburg. Former margravial castle . In: News sheet of the public culture and homeland maintenance in the administrative region of South Baden . 6th year, no. 7/9 , 1955, pp. 45 .
  14. ↑ AMS Registres paroissiaux. Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune . No. 68 , p. 143 .
  15. ↑ Jost Grosspietsch: Sulzburg. Former margravial residence. A representation in old plans and views . In: Geschichtsverein Markgräflerland eV (Ed.): The Markgräflerland. Contributions to its history and culture . No. 2 , 1991, p. 9 .
  16. ↑ a b Jost Grosspietsch: Sulzburg. Former margravial residence. A representation in old plans and views . Notes on a floor plan of the castle by the former Durlach city architect Johann Jakob Arhardt. In: Geschichtsverein Markgräflerland eV (Ed.): The Markgräflerland. Contributions to its history and culture . No. 2 , 1991, p. 9 .
  17. ↑ Jost Grosspietsch: Sulzburg. Former margravial residence. A representation in old plans and views . In: Geschichtsverein Markgräflerland eV (Ed.): The Markgräflerland. Contributions to its history and culture . No. 2 , 1991, p. 11 .
  18. ↑ Jost Grosspietsch: Sulzburg. Former margravial residence. A representation in old plans and views . In: Geschichtsverein Markgräflerland eV (Ed.): The Markgräflerland. Contributions to its history and culture . No. 2 , 1991, p. 12 .
  19. ^ Eduard Christian Martini: Sulzburg. A city, mining and forest story . In: Freiburger Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Journal of the society for the promotion of the history, antiquity and folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the adjacent landscapes . tape 5 , no. 1 . Fehsenfeld, Freiburg im Breisgau 1880, p. 66 .
  20. ↑ Liliane Châtelet-Lange: Biographical review of the Strasbourg builders Hans Schoch and Georg Ridinger . In: Commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . 151 (new episode 112th volume). Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2003, p. 165 ff .
  21. ↑ a b Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 32-33 .
  22. ↑ Protocol from the staff holder Fritz Engler, Hans Marx, Forstknecht zu Badenweiler and the bricklayer Johann Julius from Dottingen, Generallandesarchiv 229/103421 .
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 39 .
  24. ↑ a b Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 40 f .
  25. ^ Claus and Gabriele Hofmann: Old Castle Sulzburg. A former margravial castle . 2004, p. 2 .
  26. ↑ About the Auktionshaus Kaupp GmbH at artnet.de. Retrieved June 12, 2020 .
  27. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005, p. 32 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 50 ′ 24.9 "  N , 7 ° 42 ′ 30"  E