Capsicum piuranum
| Capsicum piuranum | ||||||||||||
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Drawing of Capsicum piuranum |
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| Capsicum piuranum | ||||||||||||
| Barboza & S.Leiva |
Capsicum piuranum is a species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae)described in 2019.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Capsicum piuranum is a climbing, densely branched bush with a stature height of mostly 2 to 2.20 m, sometimes even stature heights of three meters are reached. The twigs are green, shiny, brittle, flexible, hairless and streaky, with age the twigs turn green to dark brown, cork cells are missing. The leaves are in pairs, both leaves are strikingly different in size and shape.
The simple leaves are membranous and colored differently on both surfaces. The top is dark green and shiny, the underside light green and matt. On both sides, sparsely simple, adjacent trichomes with a length of 0.5 to 1.2 mm can appear, occasionally the trichomes are denser on the main veins and the edges. The leaf blades of larger leaves are 12 to 17.7 cm long (sometimes only 8 cm) and 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide (sometimes only 2 cm). They are elliptical in shape and have seven to nine pairs of main veins that extend from the leaf axis. The base is asymmetrical and narrowed, the leaf margin is entire, the tip is long and pointed. The leaf stalks are 0.7 to 1.4 cm long (sometimes up to 1.7 cm) and slightly winged from the leaf base. Trichomes similar to those on the leaf surfaces can also appear on the petioles. The smaller leaves are only 2.5 to 4.5 cm long and 1.5 to 2.6 cm wide, they are egg-shaped or elliptical and have only 3 to 4 pairs of main veins. The base of the leaf blade is asymmetrically tapered or rounded, the tip pointed or slightly rounded. The petioles of the smaller leaves are only 0.2 to 0.5 cm long.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers stand individually or in groups of up to three pieces. The flower stalks are green, thread-like, twisting, drooping, slightly curved and not angled knee-shaped towards the flower. The length of the stems reaches 1.9-2.6 cm, they can be hairless or lightly hairy with simple, non-glandular, multicellular, adjacent trichomes 0.3-0.4 mm in length. The flower buds are egg-shaped, yellow or pale yellow.
The calyx is 1.5 to 2.6 mm long (rarely up to 3 mm) and 3 to 4 mm wide. It is cup-shaped, thick, purple or greenish purple in color. The edge of the calyx is flattened, slightly hairy to hairy. The calyx is occupied with five appendages, which are 2.5 to 3 mm (rarely only 0.9 mm) long and 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide, thick, upright, awl-shaped, have a hairiness comparable to that of petioles and calyx tubes and start near the edge of the cup. The crown is 14.5 to 17 mm long, measures 12 to 17 mm in diameter and is tubular-bell-shaped. It is completely yellow in color. The corolla-tube is 11 to 12 mm long and hairless. The corolla lobes are 3.5 to 5 mm long and 4.5 to 5 mm wide, they are broadly ovoid and stand upright. They are hairless, only the tips are covered with papillae .
The five stamens are the same. The stamens are almost the same length with lengths of 3 to 5 mm. They are greenish white, hairless and 3 to 4 mm away from the base of the crown, at the point of attachment there are inconspicuous auricles . The anthers are 2 to 2.5 mm long (rarely up to 2.8 mm), elliptical in shape, yellowish white and slightly inclined towards each other before flowering.
The ovary is 1.25 to 1.5 mm long, measures 1.5 mm in diameter, colored white, elliptical and almost spherical. The nectaries are 0.5 mm high, inconspicuous and yellowish white. The stylus measures 7.5 to 8 mm, is colored white, hairless and spreads towards the tip. The scar is 0.5 mm long, 0.8 to 1 mm wide, green and somewhat bilobed.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit is a spherical berry with a slightly flattened tip and a diameter of 0.9 to 1.2 cm. Unripe fruits are green to white, when ripe they turn orange to red, they are not hot . The pericarp has no giant cells, there are two polyhedral, yellowish white stone cells . The fruits stand on stems that have lengthened to 2.8 to 3.6 cm and thickened at the end, they are drooping and slightly striped. The fruit calyx is stable, measures about 4 mm in diameter and is disc-shaped, green-purple or green. The appendages are fleshy and awl-shaped, their size at the fruit is 5 to 6.1 mm, the width at the base 0.8 to 1 mm.
Around 50 to 80 seeds are formed per fruit . These are 2 to 2.2 mm long, about 2.5 mm wide, somewhat indented, almost kidney-shaped or conversely conical. The surface is dark brown, structured like a network by polygonal cells, the side walls are straight or slightly wavy.
Distribution and locations
The species is endemic to a limited area of northern Peru , where it is known from only three locations. It grows in mountainous cloud forests and is associated with other nightshade plants, such as various nightshade species and Streptosolen jamesonii . Other associated herbaceous and bushy plants come from the genera Begonia ( Begonia ), Otholobium , Aphelandra and Juglans .
The sites are at the edge of the forest and near watercourses at altitudes of 2300 to 2860 meters in areas with low temperatures and nutrient-rich soils.
Botanical history
The species was in 2019 by Gloria Barboza and Segundo Leiva González means of a copy, which in the Peruvian in March 2011 huancabamba province , was collected first described . The epithet longifolium refers to the very limited habitat in the Peruvian region of Piura .
Systematics
Within the genus Capsicum , Capsicum piuranum is classified in the Andean clade based on phylogenetic studies. The species is a sister clade to Capsicum lycianthoides and Capsicum geminifolium .
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Morphologically, the Capsicum caballeroi found in the Bolivian Yunga is most similar, mainly because of the similar bell-shaped, yellow flowers. However, the species differ in the color of the calyx, the number, size and shape of the calyx appendages and the size, shape and sharpness of the fruits, the presence of stone cells in the fruits and the color of the seeds.
proof
- Gloria E. Barboza, Carolina Carrizo García, Segundo Leiva González, Marisel Scaldaferro, Ximena Reyes: Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. In: PLoS ONE , Volume 14, Issue 1, 2019. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0209792 .
- Carolina Carrizo García et al .: Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 118, 2016. Pages 35-51. doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcw079 .
