Slamming the windows

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Relief from the "Schiibeschlage" at the Schuttigbrunnen in Elzach
(Erwin Krumm, 1967)
Slam the window in front of the night sky
( Zams , Tyrol , February 2008)

The disc beating is a fire custom in Central Europe , in which in the "disc" ( Alemannic : Schiibefüür, Alsatian "Schiewackefier") or "Carnival" or " spark fire " glowing circular or square "discs", usually made of beech wood , are catapulted from hills or mountainsides down into the valley by being put at the top of a “ stick ” and accelerated with a tangential blow over a wooden ramp (“disc bracket”).

Scheibenschlagen has been part of the intangible cultural heritage in Austria since 2015 .

history

The smashing of the panes was first documented in 1090: On March 21, 1090, an outbuilding of the Lorsch monastery was set on fire by a struck, burning pane .

distribution

Glowing, rotating discs on their sticks at the Bürgler Funkenfeuer ( Dornbirn , Austria, February 2012)

The Swabian-Alemannic area, the South Tyrolean Vinschgau and Vorarlberg are the center of the practice today . In Tyrol , where the custom used to be widespread, it is only actively practiced in the area around Landeck and in the rear Virgental , but has been preserved in many field names ( Scheibschlagalm in Brixental , Scheibenbichl in Imst , etc.).

The custom is particularly widespread in and around the southern part of the Upper Rhine Plain , in the Markgräflerland , Black Forest , Breisgau , Basel area and Alsace as well as in Vorarlberg , parts of West and South Tyrol and in the Bündner Oberland ( Danis-Tavanasa ) and in the Chur Rhine Valley ( Untervaz ) . The northernmost place where the Scheibenschlagen is still actively practiced today is the Ersingen district of Kämpfelbach in North Baden . In addition, the disc beating is also known among the “ Sathmar Swabians ” in northern Romania .

exercise

Discs for the "Schiewackefier",
left: turned ,
right: made of end- grain wood , circular sections of a thin log or branch

The custom is as part of the " old " - or " peasant carnival " on the first Saturday in Lent (the first Saturday after Ash Wednesday ) or Sunday of Lent , in reshaping part " pagan " Winter expulsion and fertility - or hallway spell for Easter held. This Sunday has different regional names, e.g. B. Funkensonntag , Holepfannsunntag , Kassunnti ( cheese Sunday ), Küachlisunntig , Küechlesonntag or Alti Fasnet . An exception are z. B. Bernau in the Black Forest , where up to eight disc fires burn for the entire duration of the entire Swabian-Alemannic Carnival week (except Ash Wednesday) or Eschbach near Stegen in the Dreisamtal ( Freiburg im Breisgau ), where the carnival fire is lit a weekend later; Here, slamming the disc under the guidance of an elected “disc father” is also reserved for unmarried “young men” (“ bachelors ”) in the village after their 18th birthday. In the Elztal in the Black Forest and the adjacent side valleys, the slicing traditionally takes place on Sunday Laetare , the fourth Sunday of Lent.

The targeting is usually organized by clubs , spark guilds , scouts or the volunteer fire brigade ; in the Alemannic-speaking area traditionally also from the confirmands of the year.

In Danis and Dardin ( Graubünden ) the custom is called trer schibettas ( Rhaeto-Romanic for slapping a disk). Here the targeting is organized by the so-called young team . All boys from the 3rd grade and all single men from the village are allowed to take part in the trer schibettas . The saying when slamming the window is: Oh tgei biala schibetta per la ... (name of a girl)! Translated: Oh what a nice record for the (name)! If the panes failed, z. B .: Oh tgei tgagiarar called by il scolast . In Untervaz (CH-Graubünden) the custom is only intended for boys and single men and for fathers with small boys; there the name Schybaschlaha applies - the dialect word used there for slapping a disk .

In Alsace the custom is called Schieweschlawe; In some villages in the Alsatian-Swiss Leymental , it is also known as Reedlischwinge "wheel swing".

The place where the fire is lit and the windows struck is called in many places the Scheibenbühel or the Scheibenfelsen .

Preparations

Not only the actual Scheibenschlagen, but also for gathering wood by young men, usually the respective recruits or the confirmation of the place was, in some regions with rituals accompanied: In the Ortenau z. For example, as in Rammersweier , they were still pulling a cart through the town in the middle of the 20th century, singing in a psalm tone:

Well, well Waihe,
Should, should saihe!
Gänmer au e Schierli
To our beautiful Fierli!
Luck in your hat,
Serme rüs!
Everything is good, what goes on:
E Serme od'r e 'Well.

( Waihe: Wehen (of the waving flag); saihe: to say; Schierli: something to stoke the fire; Fierli: fire; go: give; Serme: bundle of vine wood ; Well: bundle of sticks)

The event usually begins in the late afternoon when the residents of the villages meet and consume warm drinks and regionally different pastries. In the Alemannic region, it is sometimes introduced traditionally with a torchlight procession.

In the Ortenaukreis there are mainly two communities, Rammersweier and Zell-Weierbach , which hold a window on Mardi Gras Sunday. The rogues used to go out and try to ignite the other's pyre, 500 m away as the crow flies, prematurely. That is why night vigils were set up earlier.

Slamming the windows

Disc slamming:
1.) Disc beater
2.) Disc bracket
3.) The glowing disc is swung on the stick, then
4.) hit flat on the bracket so that it
5.) flies like a shooting star in the night sky .

The slamming of the windows begins at dusk. Each disc is thrown into the darkness either with a greeting from the bat to another person or with a little verse. In some areas, the event ends when all households have thrown their discs and their greetings and no discs are available anymore (which can sometimes take a long time). In Mals in the Upper Venosta Valley and the surrounding area, an approx. 12 m long tree trunk, called "Hex", is wrapped in straw with a crossbar in the shape of a cross, placed on a small hill outside the village and lit after dark.

After you have used up all the “discs”, the torchlight procession into the village begins. Then the boys go to the girls' homes and are served there until the early hours of the morning. In Danis, for example, the young people return to the village and visit all the girls in the village in small groups.

Sayings while throwing the disc

Alemannic area :

  • Slide, slide, the slide should go, the slide should suure, em [name of the victim] an d 'Schnurre ( Scheibi, Scheibo, the disk should go, the disk should whir, the [name of the victim] on the snout. )
  • Slide, slide, who should the slide go to? The slide should em… go. If it does it, it counts it. ( Scheibi, Scheibo, for whom should the disc go? The disc should go for [...] . If it doesn't work, it doesn't count . )
  • Slide slide deberle, who should be the slide? - If it doesn’t fly, it’s not valid, and no virgin cannot fly it. The slide sod de ... (with good flight status: woman's name or if it goes straight to the ground: in Raibur ) kääää ... [until it hits] ... re. ( Disc, disc, spinning top, who should the disc belong to? - If it doesn't fly, it doesn't count, it doesn't belong to any virgin. The disc should belong to the [intended woman's name, or in the case of bad flight: the robber ] … [ until the serve] ... ren. )
Striking the discs Ersingen swing fire sparks
  • Ersingen (Baden): Scheibehut, Scheibehut (disk = sun, hat = protection) , üwer Agger and Rain, who should the disk be for? She gaihts left, she gaihts right, she gaihts meim darling (my mother, my vadder) ewe right.
  • Haslach-Schnellingen : D'Kiechlepfonn het a Bei ab, the sliding the rolling de Rei nab. Who should the slide be? or slide slide slide, where should the slide no? … Goht se net, then se net applies.
  • Rammersweier (Ortenaukreis): Schieb (disc) , Schieb over de Rhin (Rhine) , for when should the Schieb sin? The sliding should be for ... sin.
  • Zell-Weierbach (Ortenaukreis): Slide, slide over the Rhin, who should slide it? The push, that should be em ...
  • Elzach : The push, the push, go well, so it doesn't work, it doesn't count, so no virgin doesn't. Who should the slide be? .... get it!
  • Gutach-Bleibach : Slide, slide, hit, who should the slide sweep? The sliding should be ... sweep.

Graubünden ( Rhaeto-Romanic-speaking area ):

  • Untervaz : Dia Schiiba, dia Schiiba, dia ghört, dia ghört, dr [maiden name] ! Hoit and dera be si! ( The disk, the disk, belongs to the [intended (girl) name] ! Today and be her! )
  • Danis : Oh tgei biala schibetta per la [maiden name] ! ( Oh, what a beautiful record for the [maiden name])! - If the panes fail : Oh tgei tgagiarar per il scolast

Tyrol / South Tyrol :

  • Dia Scheiba, dia Scheiba, dia will iatz treiba, Schmolz in dr Pfonna, Kiachli in dr Wonna, Pfluag in dr Eard, that dia Scheiba geat far out! ( Disc, disc, I want to drive you now, lard in the pan, cakes in the tub, plow in the earth, so that the disc may go far out. )
  • South Tyrol: Scheib, Scheib, weim keart (belongs to) dia Scheib? Dia Scheib keart in [name]. Geat her good, hot he's good, geat her last (bad), couldn't do it (I can't help it either). Look how Scheibele ausigeat (goes out).
  • Vinschgau , Mals (Upper Vinschgau ): Oh rhyme, rhyme, especially whom weard eppar dia be? - Dia Scheib 'and mei Kniascheib' kearn the Hanssmerl and Seffa to a guate Nocht until the bed crawls. Geaht she guat, hobn si's guat, look, wia mei Scheibele ausigeat (Oh, rhyme, rhyme, who will the disc be from? - The disc and my kneecap belong to the Hanssmerl and Josefa for a good night until the bedside cracks . If it goes well, if it goes well, look how my slide goes out; in different variations)
Oh rax dax, take it ban Hax, take it ban Zeach, look, wia my Scheibele also geat! ( Oh rax dax, take it by the legs, take it by the toes, look how my disc goes out! )
  • Schluderns : Oh rhyme, rhyme, who weard to be the disc? Dia Scheib 'and mei Kniascheib', dia should be in Pforrer and the Haiserin too. Hot it is good, do it good, shouldn’t lift me and my Scheibele verribl. Grain in the Wonn, Schmolz in the Pfonn, Pfluag under Eart, look like my Scheibale also geat! ( Oh rhyme, rhyme, for whom will the disc be? The disc and my kneecap should be for the pastor and the “Haiserin” (?). If she's not doing well, it is not good, it should be me and my slice will not be spoiled. Grain in the tub, lard in the pan, plow under the earth, look how my slices go out! )

equipment

Square discs, chamfered , made of longitudinal wood

In Alemannic region of the disc from the disc insert a simple block structure is used from an elevated at one end traditional wooden board for knocking, he calls himself wheel Bock . A round or square wooden disc with a diameter or edge length of approx. 10 cm and a thickness of almost 2 cm, usually made of hardwood ( beech ), serves as the disc ; It is drilled through in the middle so that it can be strung on a cord or wire for transport and, above all, attached to the stick. With this it is held in the fire or the embers until it becomes glowing itself. This glow is increased by swinging the stick before the tee shot. A hazelnut stick is usually used. The sticks must be around two meters long and as straight as possible. Many a target beater even turns it into a science until the right sticks are found.

Production and designation of the panes can also differ on a small scale. In the Leimental some (depending on the village - and that can be different in the neighboring village) are hewn with a hammer , others pulled with a draw knife - or turned. In addition to the designation Schiibli ( small disc), they are also called Reedli ( small wheel) - the custom is then called “Reedlischwinge”.

Risks

Extended disc fire

Time and again, when the windows are smashed, the remnants of the glowing windows, which have been struck in no small number, lead to fires in the slopes below the valley, often vineyards , especially when vegetation, bushes and undergrowth have parched or not covered by snow after a long period of drought are.

literature

Web links

Commons : Scheibenschlagen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Efringen-Kirchen , February 23, 2010, Reinhard Cremer: Hope for Tradition ;
    Lörrach , March 2, 2017, Dorothee Soboll: Dates: Carnival fire and slamming of the discs in the Lörrach district (with explanatory video by Christian Streich ), (March 12, 2017)
  2. ↑ Scheibenschlagen unesco.at
  3. ^ Friedrich Vogt: Contributions to folklore from older sources. In: Karl Weinhold (Ed.): Journal of the Association for Folklore . 3rd year. Asher & Co, Berlin 1894, p. 349.
  4. ↑ State Gazette No. 7 of February 27, 2009. Staatsanzeiger Verlag, Stuttgart, p. 28
  5. ↑ Hans Gehl: Dictionary of the Danube Swabian ways of life. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, p. 313. - Gabriela Rist: Funkenfest in Erdeed . Schwabenpost No. 3, March 2009, 3rd year ( PDF )
  6. ↑ see also: Basler Fasnacht
  7. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , February 27, 2009, Ulrike Spiegelhalter: Scheibenschläger have a hard time
  8. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Stegen , March 9th, 2017, Erich Krieger: Pushing jacks reach for sticks (March 12th 2017))
  9. ↑ Serme or Sermde (in the Kaiserstuhl) is the name for bundles of brushwood made from cut shoots of the vines. The name is ancient and is derived from the Latin sarmentum , which means sticks made from vine wood , fascines.
  10. ^ Hermann Eris Busse (Ed.): Offenburg and the Ortenau. Freiburg 1935
  11. ↑ Badische Zeitung , February 16, 2013, Volker Münch: There is a lot of manual work in it (April 9, 2013)