List of biosphere reserves in Austria

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Biosphere reserves ( biosphere reserves , BR or BP), according to the called by UNESCO in 1970 launched the program Man and the Biosphere ( Man and Biosphere , MAB) since 1976 proven reserves , in which the protection of nature is not isolated from the needs of the people seen but rather a common biosphere is used. The goals are protection of biological diversity , development of sustainable land use and research and environmental monitoring .

There are seven biosphere reserves in Austria , with around 3,000 km², that is 3.5% of the area of ​​Austria , two were deleted at the end of 2014, another two are under discussion.

The MAB program in Austrian nature conservation

History and function

The MAB program was launched in 1970, and since 1976 large-scale protected areas have been established in the global network of biosphere reserves . Four areas were established in Austria as early as 1977. Initially research-oriented, with the Seville Strategy 1996 the protection concerns were completely changed, and humans as part of the living space and sustainable development were placed in the foreground.

In MAB reserves in Austria biosphere reserves are consistently mentioned . By analogy with national parks and nature parks , this should emphasize that this is not a concept that excludes people. They are very diverse in terms of their management, legal position, local embedding and eco-zionomic framework conditions.

These biosphere reserves are now protected areas that range from nature conservation-oriented areas ( core zone , at least 5%) to landscape protection areas (maintenance zone) to populated areas (development zone) , the inclusion of the latter is explicitly required. The intensity of the protection of the core zone ranges from process protection-oriented reserves of biodiversity ( biogenetic reserve , natural forest reserve ) to unspecific area protection (ex-lege protection of the alpine area: Salzburg Lungau & Carinthian Nockberge).

There is a MAB National Committee. The program is supervised by the Ministry of Life , the Federal Environment Agency , the environmental departments of the federal states, and the Academy of Sciences in the scientific field.

First generation

The four areas nominated before 1995 were still primarily focused on the protection and research of selected ecosystems: two in densely populated areas (the Neusiedler See and the Untere Lobau near the city of Vienna), the other two ( Gossenköllesee and Gurgler Kamm in Tyrol) in the touristic mountain area . These "first generation" biosphere reserves of the MAB program should primarily investigate the role of humans in a particular ecosystem. The four areas were therefore also designated as biogenetic reserves or natural forest reserves .

By the 2010s only three had switched to the new Seville strategy: two of the areas (Gossenköllesee, Gurgler Kamm) had no zoning, one is a pure core zone (Lobau). In particular, the Gossenköllesee, the world's smallest biosphere reserve, no longer met today's biosphere reserve requirements as a pure research reserve.

In May 2014, the Austrian Academy of Sciences announced that at the end of 2014 Gossenköllesee and Gurgler Kamm would be removed from the list of biosphere reserves because they did not meet important new criteria - such as habitation. The problem with Gössenkollesee is that any protection under state law is still outstanding. The other two, Lobau and Neusiedlersee, are to be checked by 2015. A modern biosphere reserve would be possible and sensible here, but both are also comprehensively legally protected in other ways (National Park and Natura 2000, Lake Neusiedl also UNESCO World Heritage). [outdated]

Second generation

After there was little activity in the program after the initial phase, a “real boom” emerged in the course of the 2000s, after Großwalsertal , Wienerwald and Lungau & Nockberge , biosphere parks for the March-Thaya region (European protected areas, partly national park), Wachau (UNESCO World Heritage) or in the Styrian Koralm region.

Today, the biosphere reserves represent an important addition to Austria's strategy for protected areas, because they are very much in line with the sustainability goals of environmental, social and economic policy, as they arise from EU and international obligations. The biosphere reserves are closely linked with other regionalization strategies, such as Local Agenda 21 , e5 - program for energy-efficient communities in energy policy, or branding such as the pleasure regions (for the register of traditional foods as protection of cultural assets).

Conservation law

The biosphere reserve was not introduced as a separate class in Austria, but is covered by other protection classes ( nature reserve ) or fundamental protected assets ( ex-lege protection , such as alpine areas). One area is UNESCO World Heritage (Neusiedlersee), two are national parks (Neusiedlersee, Lobau). In Austria, nature conservation is in principle a matter for the federal states, with the exception of two countries in which the biosphere reserve is a separate category and no other state category is required:

  • Vorarlberg: Section 27 of the 2008 amended Vlbg. Law on nature conservation and landscape development (previously a park: Großes Walsertal)
  • Carinthia: 2nd main part of the law changed in 2012 from the National Park Act to the National Park and Biosphere Park Act  (K-NBG) (the reason was that the Nockberge National Park had only been classified as Category V by the IUCN and this was converted into a biosphere reserve)

Two areas are, as is also the declared intention, cross-border (Wienerwald, Salzburg Lungau & Carinthian Nockberge).

Special regulations:

  • The BP Walsertal is also a specialty within the global network, as it is organized as an association at the municipal level and has a particularly high presence among the population: for the mountain valley, it has meanwhile become an object of identification and also an important instrument for economic development.
  • In the Salzburg part, the BP Lungau & Nockberge is without any nature conservation law basis, but rather an element of spatial planning based on a country-community dialogue. It is supported by the Lungau Regional Association (as a spatial planning region) and also has strong support in local politics.
  • The BP Gurglerkamm also serves as a political instrument in a zone that has been controversial for decades between protection and technical development for winter sports, and is also a quiet zone as an interim development stop according to Tyrolean NSG. It is still without a designated development zone with the valley towns, but is integrated into the Ötztal Nature Park .

Application 2018

Austria would like to participate with several Styrian communities on the Grenz mur in a biosphere park on the Mur, Drava and Danube , which was built by Serbia, Croatia, Hungary and Slovenia and then - for the first time - will contain parts from 5 countries.

List of biosphere reserves (biosphere reserves)

Location: State, coordinates
Zones: K … core zone, P … maintenance zone, E … development zone
No. designation Location (G.) ha (fl.) Height m above sea level A. Zones (ha) since Focus (sort.) Notes (sort.)
OFF01 Gossenköllesee Tyrol ! 547.2305565511.0083335World icon 85 2413-2828 no 1977 Research (unconscious) was repealed at the end of 2014;

Water protection ex lege (§ 7 Tir. NSG); BgnR  ( 1990 , 100 ha)

OFF02 Gurgler comb
Gaisbergferner glacier ötztal.jpg
 Tyrol World icon 1,500 1900 - 3400 no 1977 Research (unconscious) was repealed at the end of 2014;

also BgnR  ( 1990 ); mostly in ESG  and RG Ötztal Alps  (FFH / VS, AT3305000 , 396 km²; RG 5 , 395 km²), NPK  Ötztal ( NPK 3 , 508 km²); contains NDM  Obergurgler Zirbenwald  ( ND_2_9 ); adjacent in South Tyrol N2000  Lazins – Schneebergzug (GGB-BSG  IT3110012 ) in the NPK / RP  Texel group  ( 1976; 16 )

OFF03 (Lower) Lobau
Lobau Josefssteg.JPG
 Vienna World icon 1,037 0150 - 0155 completely K 1977 Nature conservation, local recreation was repealed in 2016;

Ramsar Untere Lobau  ( No. 273 , 915 ha); in ESG  and NP  Donau-Auen ( Vienna part , 2258 ha, GGB / BSG  AT1301000 , NP 1996 also Lower Austria), partly NSG  Lobau ( 32/1978 , 2088 ha) or LSG  (Obere) Lobau ( 32/1978 , 461 ha ); numerous areas to Lower Austria, to Hungary and Slovakia, continuing

OFF04 Lake Neusiedl
Neusiedler See bathing bay.JPG
 Bgld. World icon 25,000 0114 - 0480 K: 4,330 1977 Nature conservation, tourism (population: 35,800) was repealed in 2016;

adjacent BR  Fertö  ( HUN04 ); in ESG  Neusiedler See – Seewinkel ( AT1110137 , 51,000 ha), Ramsar  Neusiedler See and Lacken im Seewinkel (TRS  Neusiedlersee, Seewinkel & Hanság , No. 271 , 44,200 ha) and BGR  Neusiedler See  ( 1988 , 44,000 ha), NS / LSG  Neusiedler Lake and surroundings  ( 22/1980 , 41,590 ha); partially World Heritage cultural landscape Fertö / Neusiedler See ( No. 772 , 9,300 ha), NP  Neusiedlersee – Seewinkel ( 1991 , 9,700 ha)

OFF05 Great Walsertal
Großes Walsertal 01.JPG
 Vlbg. World icon 19,200 0580-2704 K: 4,010 P: 12,366 E: 2,824 2000 Regional development (population: 3,400) contains ESG  (FFH, AT3410000 , 1544 ha) and NSG  ( 40/87 , 1336 ha) Gadental , ESG  Unter-Überlutt  (FFH, AT3420000 , 22.85 ha), NSG  Faludriga-Nova  ( 7/2003 , 981 ha);

adjacent ESG  Ludescherberg  (FFH, AT3409000 , somewhat separated), NSG  Hohe Kugel-Hoher Freschen-Mellental  ( 7/79 ), GLT 8077  Protected litter and poor meadows in Thuringia-Montiola  ( 12/92 )

OFF06 Vienna Woods
Döbling Vienna June 2006 130.jpg
 Lower Austria , Vienna World icon 105,645 0160 - 0893 K: 5,575 P: 19,840 E: 80.229 2005 Nature conservation, sustainable development (population: approx. 750,000) largely ESG  Wienerwald-thermal region ( GGB AT1211A00, BSG AT1211000 , 82,120 resp. 79,810 ha), NSG Lainz Game ( AT1302000 , NSG 2/1998 , 2.259 ha) and LSG Liesing ( Part A, B and C , AT1302000 , 639 ha, LSG 20/1990 , total 654 ha), Nö. Share of LSG  ( No. 18 , 105,000 ha);

all 36 parts of the core zone and other NSGs , also contains NPKe  Föhrenberge , Sandstein-Wienerwald , Sparbach , Eichenhain ( No. 4,9,11,12 ), various NWR ; adjoining ESG  Tullnerfelder Donau-Auen ( GGB AT1216000, BSG AT1216V00 ), GGB  Nordostliche Randalpen ( AT1212A00 ) and LSG Enzesfeld – Lindabrunn – Hernstein  ( No. 18 )

- Salzburg Lungau & Carinthian Nockberge
Turracherhoehe see1.jpg
 Carinthia , Sbg. World icon 149,000 0300-3000 K: 13,441.8 P: 48,893.58 E: 87084.8 July 2012 Nature conservation, tourism, sustainable regional development (population: 26,000) Carinthian part of the former Nockberge NP  ;

contains ESG  NP Nockberge ( core zone , GGB / FFH,  Ktn.AT2102000 , 7744 ha), NSG  Rosanin (Sbg.  00011 , 1116 ha), NPK  Riedingtal (Sbg.  00002 , 2671 ha), LSGe  Niedere Tauern (Sbg.  00059 , 19.699 ha), Bundschuhtal (Sbg.  00028 , 2218 ha), Priedröf (Ktn.  076 , 1631 ha), Innerkrems (Ktn.  027 , 505 ha), Turracher Grünsee (Ktn.  LSG.024 , 68 ha), numerous small areas diverse Cat., Parts ESG u. NP  Hohe Tauern  ( Sbg. Teil , AT3210001 , NP 1981 , approx. 1700 ha), NSG  Gurkursprung (Ktn.  023 , approx. 500 ha), LSG  Lantschfeld – Ob.Murtal – Ob.Zederhaustal (Sbg.  00036 , approx. 19.200 ha), PSG  Obertauern (Sbg.  00002 , approx. 300 ha), numerous adjacent areas also in Styria.

Lower Mur Valley Styria 13,000 approx. 210 meters 2019 Nature conservation, tourism and sustainable regional development The Lower Mur Valley Biosphere Park is part of the planned submission "Mur-Drava-Danube Biosphere Park", a five-country river landscape that stretches across Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary and Serbia.
Status: 6/2014, source: unesco.org, UBA, ÖAW, University of Vienna
(G.)Coordinates according to unesco.org (coordinate center), more precisely partly in the state GIS
(Fl.) Area according to unesco.org, area information may vary depending on the scale / time of recording
(Sort.)Sortable:
Priorities: according to the inhabitants in the area and the key objectives of the Seville Strategy
Note: according to international / national and other protection
  1. ↑ GGB  u. NSG  heart Pöllatal (Ktn.  AT2108000 , NSG.019 ) GGBE  high altitudes the southeastern Schladminger Tauern (Stmk.  AT2209003 / No. 40 , ≈NSa 11) and parts of the Styrian Nockberge ( AT2219000 / No. 32 , ≈NSGc 53), upper - and middle course of the Mur (FFH, Styria  AT2236000 / No. 5 ), BSG  Niedere Tauern (Styria  AT2209000 / No. 38 ), NPK  Sölktäler (Styria  15 ), NSGe  Klafferkessel in the Schladminger Tauern area (Styria  NSa 11 , ≈ ESG 40 ), Krakau-Schöder (  Styrian NSa 15 ), Styrian Nockberge (  Styrian NSGc 53 , ≈ESG 32), LSGe  Outer Pöllatal (Ktn.  066 ), Hochrindl – Seebachern (Ktn.  069 ), Hüttschlager Talschluss ( Sbg.  00032 ), Millstätter See-Süd (Ktn.  LSG.069 ) Obertauern (Sbg.  00041 ) and Schladminger Tauern (Styria  LS11 ), Turracher Schwarzsee (Ktn.  LSG.024 ), small also GLT  Zinkwand – Vötternspitz (Styria.  156 )

literature

  • Ingrid Klaffl, Irene Oberleitner, Maria Tiefenbach: Biogenetic Reserves and Biosphere Reserves in Austria . Federal Environment Agency: Report R-161, Vienna 1999; Umweltbundesamt.at (PDF), Abstract (PDF; 57 kB; German / English) Umweltbundesamt.at
  • Austrian Academy of Sciences (Ed.): White Book "Life in Diversity". UNESCO biosphere reserves as model regions for the coexistence of man and nature. Brochure, Verlag der ÖAW, 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3337-5 ( univie.ac.at ).
  • Austrian Academy of Sciences, MAB National Committee (Ed.): Biosphere Reserves in Austria - basic survey and state of research , materials, online ISBN 978-3-7001-3599-9 ( content , epub.oeaw.ac.at).
  • Austrian Academy of Sciences, MAB National Committee (ed.): Preservation of biological and cultural diversity. Models for sustainable development strategies in the 21st century. Places of research, education and environmental observation. Brochure, ISBN 978-3-7001-3742-9 , doi : 10.1553 / ibk (currently not available) ( pdf , epub.oeaw.ac.at).

Directory:

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reiter: Biosphere reserves as a research assignment from UNESCO - MAB. Opportunity for nature conservation, sustainable development, science. Presentation, Uni Wien, undated ( univie.ac.at (PDF) accessed 7/2013).
  2. ↑ a b tab: Biosphere reserves as a research contract , slide National criteria for biosphere reserves (PDF, p. 9, see above).
  3. ↑ Tab: Biosphere Reserves as Research Assignment, Slide Situation Biosphere Reserves in Austria (pdf p. 5, see above).
  4. ↑ Sparkling Science - BiPolar. 1st Tyrolean high-alpine school expedition . (PDF; 2.2 MB) Poster HS Zirl (zamg.ac.at).
  5. ↑ Reiter: Biosphere reserves as a research contract , slide Gossenköllesee (Tyrol, 85 hectares) (PDF, p. 6, see above).
  6. ↑ Tyrol is losing its biosphere reserves , press release, APA May 26, 2014, OTS0047 ( same , science.apa.at);
    Tyrol loses its biosphere reserves , tirol.orf.at, May 26, 2014 ( Austria also loses two biosphere reserves . Science.orf.at);
    Tyrolean Gossenköllesee and Gurgler Kamm are no longer biosphere reserves . Tiroler Tageszeitung online, tt.com, May 26, 2014;
    Tyrolean areas lose their status as UNESCO biosphere parks . derstandard.at, May 26, 2014.
  7. ^ Quote from book review of the white book "Living in Diversity" . univie.ac.at (accessed 8/2013).
  8. ↑ cf. about sustainable economy  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and renewable energies  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , both BP Walsertal, or regional ( memento of the original from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , BP Wienerwald@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.walsertal.at  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.walsertal.at    @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bpww.at
  9. ↑ Law on Nature Conservation and Landscape Development . Stf: LGBl. No. 22/1997 (idgF online, ris.bka ), amendment LGBl. No. 1/2008
  10. ^ Law on the establishment of national parks and biosphere parks (Carinthian National Park and Biosphere Park Act - K-NBG) . StF: LGBl. No. 55/1983 (as amended online, ris.bka ), amendment LGBl. No. 124/2012 , also: Government drafts , explanations . (PDF) and text comparison . (PDF) on No. 01-VD-LG-1536 / 7-2012, both November 2012 (pdf, ktn.gv.at).
  11. ^ Peter Alexander Rumpolt (Institute for Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna): The self-image in the Großes Walsertal biosphere reserve . In: alpine space - man & environment , Vol. 10: The biosphere reserve as a regional key instrument , innsbruck university press, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-902719-20-1 ; uibk.ac.at (PDF).
  12. ↑ cf. Biosphere reserve - model region for sustainable development . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  13. ↑ cf. Gurgler Kamm Biosphere Reserve: Background on the formation and land use . univie.ac.at
  14. ↑ Styria maybe soon in Biosphärenpark orf.at, August 14, 2018, accessed August 14, 2018.
  15. ↑ Gossenköllesee . unesco.org → Biosphere Reserve Information ;
    Gossenköllesee biosphere reserve . biosphaerenparks.at (univie.ac.at)
  16. ↑ https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO : Biosphere reserves in Europe & North America. October 29, 2018, accessed May 19, 2020 .
  17. ↑ https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO : Biosphere reserves in Europe & North America. October 29, 2018, accessed May 19, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Area exactly: 19,234, sum of the municipal areas
  19. ↑ Overnight stays for 200,000
  20. ↑ Core zone 36 decentrally distributed areas in the forest, maintenance zone individual areas in forest and open land
  21. ↑ Website (biosphaerenparknockberge.at)
    map  (     page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , biosphaerenparknockberge.at@1@ 2Template: dead link / www.biosphaerenparknockberge.at