Protected landscape
Protected landscape (German often landscape protection area ) and protected marine area (also protected sea area or coastal area , marine reserve , etc.) are protected areas in which the landscape of a cultural landscape should primarily be preserved. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) defines such areas under IUCN Category V Protected Landscape / Seascape .
IUCN definition
According to IUCN, the category is:
“A protected area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct characters with significant, ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values. "
“An area in which the interaction between man and nature has created an independent landscape over the course of time, with distinctive ecological, biological, cultural and landscape value ; and where the protection of the interaction is of fundamental importance, the preservation of the area and the associated nature protection and other values. "
As with all IUCN categories, the focus of the classification is on the design of the protection goal and management (measures of interventions and prohibitions).
Application and criticism
Such areas should primarily preserve the landscape. The requirements for use by humans are therefore - from a nature conservation perspective - lower than in other nature conservation classes. For example, they serve as recreational areas, but can also be used economically (for example for hunting, fishing or forestry, but also agriculture) or even be populated. They are generally quite extensive and in some areas serve as a link between nature reserves.
Some ecologists criticize the fact that the claim of these areas would unnecessarily inflate the number of nature reserves . The protection category goes far beyond classic nature protection ( wilderness concept ) and is closely linked to the more modern biosphere concept , i.e. areas in which ecology in the sense of a human habitat is in the foreground together with the "rest of" nature.
Typical representatives are the biosphere reserves (biosphere reserves) after designation by the UN, which include several zones with different protection goals, or protection classes such as the landscape protection area in the style of the German-speaking area. Even nature parks and geoparks can fall into this class.
Other examples include measures to protect the alpine Almwirtschaftsgründe (pastures / alpine) before Verheidung (here applies routes freedom , so they are open to the public) of wet meadows in fruit-growing areas before grubbing or conversion to plantation agriculture, and other purely anthropogenic landscapes from neglect: protection categories for Such landscape elements have only recently found their way into nature conservation law.
National
Switzerland
In Switzerland, these areas are included in the federal inventory of landscapes and natural monuments of national importance .
Individual evidence
-
↑ Quote IUCN Protected Areas Categories System , iucn.org, accessed August 3, 2013;
Translation: Wikipedia - ↑ WWF Germany: Background information on international protected area categories of the IUCN , September 2004
- ↑ European Environment Agency (Ed.): Protected areas in Europe - an overview . EEA Report No 5/2012. 2012, ISBN 978-92-9213-329-0 , ISSN 1725-9177 , 4.1.3 The IUCN categories for types of protected area management , p. 55 , col. 2 f ., doi : 10.2800 / 55955 ( online , PDF, eea.europa.eu).
