Mill
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Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ' N , 13 ° 3' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | North Saxony | |
| Height : | 157 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 55.08 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5872 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 107 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 04769 | |
| Area code : | 034362 | |
| License plate : | TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO | |
| Community key : | 14 7 30 200 | |
| LOCODE : | DE MGX | |
City administration address : |
Markt 1 04769 Mügeln |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Johannes Corner (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Mügeln in the district of Northern Saxony | ||
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Mügeln is a small town in Saxony , in the southeast of the district of Northern Saxony . Neighboring cities are Oschatz (nine kilometers) and Döbeln (15 kilometers). The place gained fame as the former bishopric of the Meißen diocese and in the 19th century for the narrow-gauge railway, whose station in Mügeln was once considered one of the largest narrow-gauge stations in Europe.
geography
Geographical location
Mügeln is located in the Döllnitztal on the western edge of the Lommatzscher Pflege , an intensively agriculturally used hill country with fertile soils . The small river Döllnitz flows through the town . North of the city begins the Wermsdorfer Forst , a forest area that extends to the Dahlener Heide .
Neighboring communities
With their territories directly adjacent (clockwise) are the cities of Oschatz , Naundorf , Ostrau in the district of Mittelachsen and Wermsdorf .
City structure
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climate
With its humid climate, Mügeln is in the cool-temperate climate zone , but a transition to the continental climate is noticeable. The nearest weather station is in nearby Oschatz. Others are in Torgau and Dresden . The average air temperature in Mügeln is 8.6 ° C, the annual precipitation 572 millimeters.
history
Interpretation and development of the place name
The place name is derived from the Sorbian mogyla , which means earth or burial mound. The suffix -n- ( Mogyl-n- ) results in the equivalent of a settlement near a burial mound .
It had different spellings over the centuries, but the current name Mügeln emerged as early as 1590 .
984 (1012/18) Mogelin (i) (Thietm. IV. 5.), 1003 (1012/18) Mogilina (Thietm. V. 37.), 1161 Sifridus de Mugelin , 1185 Moglin , 1198 Mugelin , 1254 Mogelin , 1319 Mugelin , 1358 Mugelyn , 1551 Mogelln , 1555 Mögeln , 1590 Mügeln
Local history
The first settlement
The first settlement of Mügeln is as early as 3000–900 BC. On today's Poetenweg . During excavations in 1994, five house floor plans were found. These houses probably had gable roofs and were made of wooden posts with a twig. At the same time, parts of thin-walled ceramics were also found. There are narrow horizontal or short vertical grooves and triangles on its black surface. These decorations made it possible to classify the settlement in the later Bronze Age .
Mügeln's first documentary mention in the Middle Ages
Mügeln was first mentioned in a document in 984, when the later first King of Poland, Duke Boleslaw of Bohemia, had Heinrich the brawler accompany him after a reception with his army through the Gaue Nisan and Daleminzien to Mügeln. At that time, Mügeln's area was still predominantly Slavic . When in 1003 Boleslaw covered the city of Strehla and the Lommatzscher care with devastation and arson, he was also at the gates of Mügeln. According to legend, the Mügeln citizens are said to have prevented the city from being devastated by a ruse in which they promised to be loyal to the Polish king and to want to come to his camp that evening. But Boleslaw could no longer implement his subsequent revenge plans due to the rising Elbe and had to withdraw with his troops. Boleslaw died on June 17, 1025.
In 1063 Mügeln came into the possession of the Bishop of Meissen through a gift from the Empress Agnes . The donation takes into account the pen with 50 Hufen land, as well as all associated rights of use. The jurisdiction initially remained in imperial hands and only fell to the Bishop of Meissen about 200 years later through a documentary certification. In 1135 the Altmügelner Marienkirche was built, which on the occasion of its consecration is equipped with fields from the donation from 1064. The income was awarded to the Bishop of Meissen. The lords of Mügeln are recorded for the year 1161, who presumably received the land around the Festenberg as a gift from the king in the 11th century. Sifridus de Mogelin was named as a witness in the appropriation of a vineyard to the Egidii Chapel in Meißen, where he put his name immediately after that of the advocatus von Meißen. In 1198 a Gerbrand von Mogelin at Landding am Collm was finally mentioned and in 1216 the name Siegfried von Mügeln , as well as his age and his former noble descent, were mentioned in a document from the Meissen Margrave Dietrich . A Burgwart's chapel was assigned to the Sornzig monastery in 1218, the first mention of a Burgwart's chapel on the Festenberg. Bishop Heinrich I von Meißen had the Mügelner Johanniskirche built in 1232, the construction of which is considered the completion of the planned German foundation of Mügeln. The granting of market rights in Mügeln took place in 1256. Bishop Conrad von Meißen instructed that 6 marks per year are to be transferred to the Meißner chapter.
In 1259 Sifridus de Mogelin , who was the most influential and wealthy Prefect of Mügeln, died. During his reign he built the Festenberg with the castle and the Ursula chapel and founded the nunnery of the Benedictine order Marienthal in Sornzig in 1241 . Ruhethal Castle was built in 1261 . On March 26, 1278 Albert, Count zu Brehna donated the jurisdiction over the city of Mügeln to the Bishop of Meißen. In 1288 Mügeln Civitates was named, which suggests a mention of the town charter. In 1311, the provost and the chapter of Meißen made detailed provisions in a document on the distribution of the individual benefices and the associated obligations in Mügeln. The use of the Sorbian language was officially prohibited in 1325. The song poems of Heinrich von Mügeln have come down to us from around 1350 . He was the author of Middle High German minne songs, poems, fables, chronicles and sayings and he performed at the courts of the rulers of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary. In 1350 Conrad von Rochlitz donated all of his goods to the diocese of Meißen , which he had as a fief from the Meißnian bishop in order to be able to maintain a chaplain in the Mogelin castle chapel at St. Barbara . He was the last episcopal high judge in Mügeln. Around 1373 a Mügelner city fortification was mentioned for the first time and in 1395 Bishop Johannes III. the city the Vogteihaus as town hall. He appointed the first mayor of Mügeln and six councilors. The city received the episcopal coat of arms as an external sign. In 1414 a council constitution was first attested.
In 1429 parts of the city were destroyed by invading Hussites , which had also burned down and devastated other neighboring cities and villages. Many residents were certainly killed. The often widespread view that Mügeln had been destroyed by the Hussites as early as 1428 stems from the very flawed Fiedlerian representation and, according to recent research, is outdated.
The Modern Age
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In 1542 the first Protestant service took place in Mügeln. In 1556, Bishop Johannis zu Meißen rewrote or changed the statutes of the city of Mügeln. The 24-point statute, some of which was very detailed, dealt with inheritance, property and family law. This was followed by another 10 points of general city regulations.
During the Schmalkaldic War , Emperor Charles V went to the battle of Mühlberg through Mügeln in 1547 , from which he emerged victorious on April 24, 1547 and thus won the war. In 1561 the city was taken over by Bishop Johann IX. von Haugwitz granted church escort and bridge rights. Bishop Johann IX., The last Catholic bishop in Meißen and at the same time provost of the cathedral in Naumburg , converted to Protestantism in 1581. He lived in Mügeln and received the Ruhethal Castle, to which he gave this name, as well as the former Marienthal Monastery in Sornzig, as a life annuity . In 1572 he had the old castle in Mügeln converted into a modern castle. He died in 1595. A year later, in 1596, the Mügeln office came to the Saxon electors.
After the citizens of Mügeln were able to repel Swedish attacks several times during the Thirty Years War , the place was finally plundered by the troops of the Swedish Colonel Töbitz . However, most of the then approximately 700 inhabitants fell victim to the plague during this time. Only 67 residents of the city survived the great pestilence . In the entire parish of Mügelns there were around 1000 deaths from the plague.
Mügeln was persecuted by witches in 1629 . One person got into a witch trial and was sentenced to expulsion from the country. In the district of Altmügeln, the carpenter Paul Richter got into a witch trial from 1645 to 1648.
On November 24th, 1690 there was an earthquake in Mügeln and the surrounding area, with 2 houses damaged, some furniture in the castle falling apart and the bells ringing by themselves. The Swedish King Charles XII. took quarters after the Peace of Altranstädt in 1707 in Ruhethal Castle. In 1735 the city privileges were extended by the receipt of the higher and inheritance courts from the electoral office. In 1831 the estate and castle became a Saxon chamber estate . The agriculture was leased. The justice and rent office had its seat in the castle. In 1834 the last city gate was demolished and a girls' school was opened. After an administrative reform in 1836, the Mügeln office together with Sornzig comprised 55 villages. In 1844, after a trial lantern had been set up on Mügelner Markt a year earlier, urban street lighting was introduced.
After the establishment of a savings bank in Mügeln had been discussed since 1849, it slowly took shape in 1852 and was opened on January 12, 1853. On the first checkout day, over 1200 thalers were deposited. The town church was restored in 1869 and rededicated on January 2nd, 1869. The cost of the restoration was 5200 thalers; in addition there were 2300 thalers for a new organ and 1000 thalers for the new bells. In 1875 Mügeln was assigned to the Oschatz administration . In 1884 Mügeln was connected to the Oschatz – Mügeln – Döbeln narrow-gauge railway. This line had a gauge of 750 millimeters and was operated by the Royal Saxon State Railway. In 1888 the Mügeln – Neichen narrow-gauge railway was opened. This so-called "Mügelner Netz", which also comprised other connecting routes, brought the region a modest economic upswing. After plans for a new water pipeline were already on display in Mügeln in 1889, this was put into operation on July 21, 1891 and replaced an old wooden wooden pipeline. The city telephone network went into operation on July 20, 1899 with over 200 connections.
The 20th century
On May 3, 1911, the new district hospital King Albert Foundation was opened . In the same year a welfare center for tuberculosis was set up in Mügeln. A year later, the connection of Mügeln to the line network of the overland control center in Gröba was completed and the city's local network was put into operation.
In 1914 the First World War began , in which 113 residents of the city died. In their honor, a memorial was erected in the Mügeln cemetery. On June 21, 1917 the smallest of the 3 bells from the Mügeln town church was removed and given for war purposes. Like the bell in the middle, it bore the portrait of Martin Luther and on one side the inscription: Donated by the community on November 10, 1883. On the other hand, when I call, I hear my voice. This bell was intended to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther on November 10, 1883 and was created together with the middle bell from the merging of the 3 old bells. The foundation of a new 3rd church bell did not take place until 1927 by the private citizen Paul Müller.
After the Nazis came to power in early March 1933, extensive searches by the SA and the gendarmerie in Mügeln were carried out on March 20, 1933 . Extensive files were confiscated and around 50 people were arrested. At the beginning of April 1933 there were further arrests and on April 10th the city council was reorganized on the basis of the law on synchronization . The Second World War, which began in 1939, also had an impact on Mügeln. In 1940, for example, the townspeople were asked to save coal. Coals were only allowed to be used where there was no possibility of using other fuels. In addition, in the same year several hundred resettlers came to Mügeln from the Bessarabia on the Black Sea , which was occupied by the Red Army as a result of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin Pact . Around 4800 returnees were housed in what was then the district of Oschatz , the majority of which were housed at the Hubertusburg in Wermsdorf .
During the Second World War , over 200 Mügeln residents perished. In addition, numerous women and men from the Soviet Union , the Netherlands, Poland, Latvia and Italy died as forced laborers and prisoners of war in Mügeln and the surrounding area. At the end of April 1945 an American unit occupied the city, which was replaced by Soviet troops on May 5th. This was followed by the formation of a Soviet local command and the formation of a new city administration, in which the newly formed bloc parties were also represented. In the harsh winters of 1945–1947 there were great difficulties in supplying the city with the necessary food and fuel. In 1959 the communities Altmügeln, Crellenhain, Schlagwitz and Berntitz – Schlatitz were incorporated into the city of Mügeln.
From 1968 to 1975, the narrow-gauge railway was gradually shut down, first between Mügeln and Döbeln, then between Mügeln and Wermsdorf. After 1975 the route was only used for freight traffic. In 1978, the Mügelner post mile column was implemented on the school square. As part of a festival week in 1984 for the 1000th anniversary of the first mention of Mügeln and the 35th anniversary of the GDR , there were over 40 cultural and sporting events in town. Over 30 house facades were reconstructed in advance. Several times a day the "Wild Robert" steamed through the Lommatzscher care until October 7th.
The turning point and the time after
The turning point in 1989 also had an impact on Mügeln. Due to the poorly attended Mügeln city council on December 7, 1989 and the no longer able to work city committee of the National Front , as well as the democratic bloc in Mügeln, a round table had emerged as a social body . This body, in which representatives of all parties and organizations founded at that time and later in Mügeln could participate, met on December 18, 1989. It saw itself as an advisory body to the Mügeln city council. 30 citizens took part in this conversation. This round table was led by its initiators, Mr. S. Schönherr, chairman of the basic unit Mügeln of the NDPD, Mr. B. Brink, mayor of Mügeln and member of the SED-PDS, as well as Mr. U. Bürger, member of the evang.-luth. Church council Mügeln and member of the NDPD. Later, freely elected city councilors and mayors took office. And there was a revival of traditional Mügeln clubs. In 1993, the Döllnitzbahngesellschaft was founded to continue operating the Wilder Robert narrow-gauge railway . The State Secretary at the time, Wolfgang Zeller, handed over the operating license of Saxony for the "first non-federal public transport" in the Free State to the manager of the Döllnitzbahn Mescheder at Mügeln station.
In 1994, in the course of the district reform, Mügeln was assigned to the Torgau-Oschatz district , although the majority of citizens voted for an assignment to the Döbeln district . In addition, on May 18, 1996, a new Catholic church in Döbelner Strasse was inaugurated by the bishop of the Dresden-Meißen diocese , Joachim Reinelt . Construction costs of around half a million marks flowed into the building, which was a former municipal kindergarten in Mügeln, and these were raised jointly by the diocese of Dresden-Meißen and the Mügeln parish.
In 1995 passenger traffic was resumed on the narrow-gauge railway Oschatz – Altmügeln . The fountain on the Altmarkt with the statue of Heinrich von Mügeln was ceremoniously opened to the public on August 20, 2005. After the story of Heinrich was interpreted by Mr. Zehme, the shooting club of the city of Mügeln shot 3 salutes.
On the night of August 19, 2007, on the sidelines of a city festival, xenophobic acts of violence occurred in which a group of eight Indian textile entrepreneurs were chased by Germans . The riots in Mügeln were publicly associated with right-wing extremism , as racist and xenophobic slogans were shouted. In the subsequent process, four young Germans were convicted of sedition and assault, but the responsible district judge in Oschatz was unable to prove a right-wing extremist background in 2009.
In April 2010, when a district class game between the Mügeln-Ablaß club against Roter Stern Leipzig was abandoned, the city came back into the public eye because of anti-Semitic chants and right-wing radical slogans.
Incorporations
In 1959 the communities Altmügeln, Crellenhain, Schlagwitz and Berntitz were incorporated into Mügeln. Schweta followed in 1994 and the municipality of Sornzig-Ablaß on January 1, 2011 .
Population development
The population of the place increased steadily, but had a slump, for example after the fall of the Wall.
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politics
City council
Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 18 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:
| Party / list | Seats |
| SPD | 3 |
| CDU | 3 |
| LEFT | 1 |
| FDP | 1 |
| AfD | 4th |
| FWG Mügeln | 4th |
| SV Mügeln / Drain 09 | 2 |
Town twinning
In 2000 Mügeln entered into a partnership with the municipality of Bodman-Ludwigshafen on Lake Constance in Baden-Württemberg .
Culture and sights
→ see also: List of cultural monuments in Mügeln
- The Ruhenthal Castle is a former bishop's seat of the Diocese of Meissen.
- The Wilder Robert narrow-gauge railway between Mügeln and Oschatz operates on the one hand as a museum train, on the other hand there are still daily school trains. Mügeln station was once considered one of the largest narrow-gauge stations in Europe.
- The Glossen Feldbahnschauanlage from Glossen train station to a quartzite quarry .
- Johanniskirche , late Gothic hall church with narrow side aisles and an epitaph by Melchior von Saalhausen († 1504).
- The reconstructed post office column in Saxony is reminiscent of the stagecoach era.
- The monument to Heinrich von Mügeln on the Altmarkt was made by Joachim Zehme (2005).
- Numerous prisoners of war and forced laborers rest in communal and individual graves in the cemetery , who are remembered by name on the memorial stones.
- The music label No Colors Records , which is internationally known in the metal scene and specializes in NSBM bands, is based in Mügeln.
Economy and Infrastructure
The federal highway 14 runs 10 km south of the city , 10 km north the federal highway 6 through Oschatz. One of the most important employers in the city is Mügelner Maschinenbau GmbH. Since 1916 it has been producing capital goods such as conveyor systems, equipment for mixing, dosing, weighing and sorting bulk goods and special machines.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich von Mügeln (14th century), author of Middle High German chants and chronicles, was considered to be the Mastersingers of the 15th and 16th centuries. Century as one of the twelve old masters of song poetry ; Descent from this Mügeln is conceivable, but not certain
- Wolfgang Niescher (1934–2010), handball player and medic
- Georg Schmorl (1861–1932), doctor and pathologist
- Engelbert Wistuba (* 1953), politician ( SPD )
Personalities who have worked on site
- Johann IX. von Haugwitz (1524–1595), last Catholic bishop of Meissen
- Friedrich Wilhelm Prüfer (1818–1888), politician, member of the Saxon state parliament, honorary citizen of Mügeln
- Guido Uhlemann (1824–1904), landowner, member of the Saxon state parliament, honorary citizen of Mügeln
- Hermann Mulert , pseudonym Euthymuis Haas (1879–1950), Protestant theologian
literature
- Ludolf Colditz : Yellowed leaves, truths and probabilities from Mügeln's old days , Leipzig 1893.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Mügeln. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 28th booklet: Oschatz Official Authority (Part II) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1905, p. 180.
- Johann Gottlob Sinz: History of the city of Mügeln and the surrounding area . multi-volume work, Mügeln 1846ff. ( Digitized version )
- An extensive tradition of the city of Mügeln for the period 1405-1958 on imperial, constitutional and community affairs, mayor and council of the city, finances, military and war affairs, school, church, health and social services, trade, trade, industry, agriculture , Order and security police, fire protection, statistics, elections, building management, city court, guilds and associations are in the Saxon State Archives, State Archives Leipzig, inventory 20614 City of Mügeln.
Web links
- Web presence of the city of Mügeln
- Mügeln in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Demography report
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ^ German Weather Service, normal period 1961–1990
- ↑ Geoclimate 2.1
- ^ Residences Commission, Kiel Office, article by Lars Dannenberg (Dresden)
- ^ A b Mügeln in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/archaeologische_grabung.htm
- ↑ Müglische honor and remembrance-Seule, Fiedler / Ziessler, Freiberg 1652
- ↑ cf. Ralph Gundram, Döbeln und die Hussiten - The fire catastrophe of a city in the field of tension between historical construction and local legend formation, in: New Archive for Saxon History, Vol. 79, 2008, p. 10 / note. 60 and p. 22 / note. 113 (Zwickauer Rechtsbuch [1348] Codex statutorum Zwiccaviensium, III X1 141b, fol. 105b!)
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2003, p. 549f.
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2003, p. 549f.
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/kirchenglocke_1917.htm
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/einquartierung_1940.htm
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/die_wende.htm
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/weihe_kath_kirche.htm
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/detail.php?IDInhalte=1149
- ↑ Suspended sentences after the attack in Mügeln ( memento of August 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), MDR Saxony, February 25, 2009
- ↑ Balotelli out, game abandonment in Mügeln Spiegel Online; April 24, 2010
- ↑ State Statistical Office of Saxony
- ↑ sachsen.de - Results of the municipal council election 2019
- ↑ www.meinestadt.de, Photo: Interior of the Johanniskirche in Mügeln ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Matthias Hasberg: Gray area to neo-Nazis - The Mügelner record company "no colors records" sells CDs in the genre between Nazi rock and Black Metal. In: Neue Musikzeitung , August 2007 ( online )
- ↑ No Colors Records / Contact ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.stadt-muegeln.de/chronik/Dokumente/dr_uhlemann_1904.htm
- ↑ 20614 City of Mügeln. In: State Archives Leipzig. Retrieved March 26, 2020 . (Info text on Mügeln under "Introduction")
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