Wermsdorf Forest

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The Wermsdorfer Forst is a forest and landscape protection area of around 13,000 hectares in northwest Saxony . It is bounded by the cities of Oschatz , Collm , Wermsdorf , Sachsendorf , Dornreichenbach and Luppa and crossed by the federal highway 6 .

Overview map of Wermsdorfer Forst with marked forest boundaries

description

The area was formed in the Pleistocene . The forest is interrupted by a straight system of aisles, which was set up for the par force hunt under Augustus the Strong . In the east is the Collmberg at 313  m above sea level. NN and in the northwest of the Reichenbacher Berg at 206  m above sea level. NN . In the south, the Horst and Döllnitz lakes, operated with pond management, border the forest. The geological subsurface is formed by a pyroxene - quartz porphyry cover . The soil alternates between gravel and clay. The forest area with its numerous sights is used nationwide as a destination for excursions and recreation.

Hunting in the Wermsdorf Forest, painted by Ferdinand von Rayski in 1859

history

The forest around Wermsdorf had economic importance for the entire region , especially after the settlement in the east . From 1081, parts of the corridors are repeatedly mentioned in documents.

Wermsdorf hunting lodge

The current coherent area of ​​the closed forest area is solely due to the acquisition of the forest and hunting areas by Elector August and the increase in property through the purchase of Starschedel property . Between 1609 and 1610, Elector Christian II had a simple hunting lodge built on the site of the old Starschedelschen manor , which was extended from 1617 to 1626 and is still preserved today as the Old Palace .

Later it was Prince Anton Egon von Fürstenberg and King August the Strong who introduced a center for French par force hunting fashion in Wermsdorf . The first hunt in this elaborate manner took place in Wermsdorf in 1699. In 1695 the twenty-five-year- old Prince August was with Franz Anton Graf von Sporck in Lissa and later characterized him as "old master and teacher of hunting". Sporck had brought the par force hunting method with him from the court of Louis XIV . The Wermsdorf Forest was subsequently cut through with several avenues, which were denoted by Latin letters from morning to evening (east-west) and numbers from noon to midnight (south-north). This grid scheme cannot yet be recognized on the site plan by Johann Christoph Naumann in 1727, but it can be seen on the map by Johann Georg Maximilian von Fürstenhoff in 1741.

Hubertusburg Castle

The hunt increasingly became the medium for self-portrayal and pomp of power and property. The wild animals were chased by packs of dogs until they surrendered exhausted. This hunting method was so popular that special parforce horn music was even composed. The hunters were dressed in ancient costumes and accompanied by colorfully robed mythical figures. The big day of the parforce hunt was November 3rd, Hubertus Day . The post-hunt festivals were even more expensive than the hunt itself. In contemporary parlance, this would be called a 'festival'. The Hubertusburg in Wermsdorf was built from 1721 for the sole purpose of this time afterwards .

In 1764 the forest was measured by the chief forestry officer Carl Ludwig von Laßberg . It was also Carl Ludwig von Laßberg who was the first to attempt reforestation between the Göttwitz and Horst lakes . Saxony's alliance with Napoleon led to the felling of large quantities of wood from the Wermsdorf Forest, regardless of the consequences.

With the beginning of the 19th century and increasing political influence of the bourgeoisie, the parforce hunt was abolished and switched to the high hunt . It was previously only deer , the Saxon king hunted now wild and there were even duck hunts conducted.

Under King Albert, the Saxon court hunt flourished again in Wermsdorf. Mainly deer and rabbits were hunted. The pompous hunting festivals of its predecessors in Saxony after the Congress of Vienna were reduced to simple card games such as Skat and " Grobaus ". The history of the Wermsdorf Forest as the hunting ground of the Saxon king ended with Friedrich August III's declaration of renunciation of the throne on November 13, 1918 .

Already started in 1822, from 1841 Carl Zinkernagel, as a student of Heinrich von Cotta in the Wermsdofer Forest, introduced regular clear cutting and increased the proportion of coniferous wood from 6% to 90%. In 1863, the forest was divided into the Wermsdorf and Luppa districts and comprised an area of ​​6,900 Saxon fields (1 Saxon field = 2 Prussian acres = 3.8 ha (i.e. today's area)).

With the reorganization of the Saxon Forest Administration after the First World War, new silviculture ideas were introduced by the Wermsdorf forester Johannes Blanckmeister (1898–1982). In this way, pure stands were preserved and multi-level stands were introduced through the front and substructure. The game stocks have been reduced and kept small. In 1934 the Wermsdorf Forest was elevated to the status of an ideological economic principle for the German Reich.

District forester Horst Linde from the state forestry enterprise Wermsdorf on September 20, 1980

In 1941 32 forest workers worked in the Hubertusburg Forestry Office and earned between 0.34 and 0.56 Reichsmarks an hour. In 1950, the "Working Group for Natural Forest Management" was founded in Schwäbisch Hall, to which Johannes Blanckmeister from Wermsdorf was a member. After the end of the war, the GDR tried to establish a stock economy by adding deciduous trees, but this was unsuccessful due to the lack of staff and their insufficient qualification. The forest area was then declared a landscape protection area in 1962 . At the beginning of the 1970s, forestry in the GDR had reached the level of the previous century and was clearing again.

From 1992, site-appropriate tillering was introduced in the Wermsdorf Forest while avoiding clear-cutting. The aim is near-natural forest management. Today the owner is the Free State of Saxony , which is managed by the Sachsenforst state enterprise . The forest is managed in three state forest areas:

  1. District 02: Colm
  2. District 03: Wermsdorf
  3. District 04: Horstsee
At the three ponds between Doktorteich and Kirchenteich

Attractions

Carl Zinkernagel grave

In memory of the chief forest master Carl Zinkernagel (October 2, 1802 in Otterwich; † 1887) appointed by the Saxon King Johann on July 1, 1857 , who designed the forest landscape sustainably in the years 1841–1867. Zinkernagel was one of the first non-aristocratic forest managers in Saxony to receive scientific training from the spring semester of 1822 to Easter 1824 at the Royal Saxon Forest Academy in Tharandt . After his training he worked at the Tharandt Forest Surveyor until 1841 as a surveyor and later as a forest manager. In 1841 he became the administrator of the Wermsdorf forest district.

Wermsdorfer Wald cultural landscape museum

The cultural landscape museum supervised by the Friedrich Gustav Klemm Society looks after the monuments and settlement witnesses in the Wermsdorf Forest. A forest classroom was set up at the Kirchenteich car park.

Excavation site of the desert village Nennewitz

To the northeast of Fremdiswalde and to the east of Sachsendorf near the church pond is the village of Nennewitz, first mentioned in 1081. As early as 1459 it was mentioned in a document as the deserted village . Nothing is known about the reasons for the desertification. From Prof. Dr. Gerhard Cheap eight farmsteads, which according to the legend actually lay partly in the water, a tower hill castle built around 1200 and a Romanesque hall church were excavated.

Late Bronze Age barrows

Young Bronze Age tumulus of the Lausitz culture near Sachsendorf / Wermsdorfer Forst in Saxony

These are in the Mammbach wood of the Sachsendorf corridor and they are graves of the Lausitz culture .

Arnimstein

The memorial stone commemorates a fatal hunting accident during the royal court hunt in 1908.

Collmberg with Albert Tower

On the 313 m high Collmberg near Collm there is an 18 m high observation tower, the Albert Tower . The tower was built from Grauwacke in 1854 and sold to the city of Wermsdorf in 2010 . When visibility is good, the Völkerschlachtdenkmal 57 km away can be seen to the northwest and the mountain ranges of the Ore Mountains 115 km away to the south. Next to the tower, in the geophysical observatory of the University of Leipzig, which was built between 1927 and 1932, seismographs are used to record a complete earthquake and the wind speed of the high atmosphere is measured. From 1936 to 1937, Heinz Lettau constructed a mechanically coupled horizontal pendulum to measure the inclinations of the earth's surface. The measurements carried out on the Collmberg since 1932 played a decisive role in the seismographic evidence of the theory of Adolf Hitler's atomic bomb test carried out in Germany on October 2, 1944. The "Collmberg telecommunications tower" built in 1957 was demolished in 2005. Since 2004 the VHF frequencies have been transmitted via a 100 m high radio tower.

Collm ramparts

Below the Albert Tower is a 200 × 100 m medieval rampart, archaeologically dated between 900 and 930.

Medebach Castle

This is a 20 × 12 m large ground monument, which is surrounded by a five meter wide moat. This concerns the fortification of the Medebach, known as allodium in 1475 .

Laubental moated castle

A Bühl with a diameter of 15 m and 4 m height can be seen in a silted-up pond.

Carlsteich

The body of water, which was created around 1939 by the then forest ranger Carl Redlich and named after him, is created by artificial damming of the Altenhain brook, which flows through Calbitz . The lake is popularly known as the "Silver Lake" because its water surface shines like silver on moonlit nights.

Deserted Hayn Castle

Remains of a medieval moated castle near the source of the Altenhain stream, not far from the Calbitzer Weg, which was probably destroyed by the Hussites around 1460. The neighboring meadow is known as the war meadow .

Deserted Osterland Castle

The secular building begun in 1211 was never completed. The name Schloss Osterland goes back to Thomas Osterland, a criminal Oschatz councilor.

Saxon half-mile column

The Kursächsische Postmeilensäule manufactured in 1724 at Staatsstrasse 42 Wermsdorf - Sachsendorf (forest division 10) comes from the postal route Leipzig - Wurzen - Wermsdorf - Stauchitz - Meißen - Dresden , which led through the Wermsdorf Forest in 1726–1816. It was found around 1930 and set up again by the forestry company not far from where it was found, and was last restored in 1975 after the last original part was found. As a result of a traffic accident, it had to be dismantled and stored in November 2011. After the restoration on behalf of the Sachsenforst state enterprise, it was rebuilt at the last location on August 18, 2014 and inaugurated with an explanatory board on September 12, 2014.

Wermsdorf

The resort of Wermsdorf with its Hubertusburg palaces and the old hunting lodge is well worth seeing .

fauna and Flora

There are numerous animals and rare plants and plants in the Wermsdorfer Forest:

fauna flora
Fallow deer , wild boar , fox , roe deer , cuckoo , woodpecker , thrush , chiffchaff , nuthatch , garden warbler , chaffinch , lapwing , Nightingale , Willow Warbler , Great Tit , Blackcap , Great Reed Warbler , Golden Oriole , Klappergrasmücke , Blackbird , Redstart , Whitethroat , Marsh Warbler , Red Kite , Great Tree snail , feather ram Tilia cordata , Quercus robur , Fraxinus excelsior , Acer platanoides , Acer negundo , Acer pseudoplatanus , Populus , Platanus x hispanica , Pyrus communis , Malus domestica , Betula pendula , Ulmus laevis , Quercus petraea , frangula alnus , Sorbus aucuparia , Sambucus , privet , celandine , Apple rose , March violet , nodding pearl grass , three-part speedwell , wild carrot , finger sedge , meadow yellow star , vineyard leek , spring spark , over seventy types of yarrow, such as the noble yarrow , callous dandelion , field yellow star , common Sickle carrot , high cowslip , small mouse tail , brown cranesbill , alder schillerporling

further reading

  • Gerhard Cheap: Excavations in the Wermsdorf Forest. A research balance sheet. Pedagogical University "KFW Wander", Dresden, 1987.

Web links

Commons : Wermsdorfer Forst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kurt Pietsch: Outline of the geology of Saxony. Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin, 1951, p. 70.
  2. ↑ a b c Helmut Striegler: Forestry. In: k. A.: 800 years of Wermsdorf. 1206-2006. Sax Verlag, Beucha, 2006, ISBN 3-934544-93-2 , p. 213 ff.
  3. ↑ Lutz Krüger: King August II. The Strong calls Sporck “old master and teacher of the hunt”. Emmendorf, 2010, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  4. ↑ Carl Samuel Hoffmann: Historical description of the city, the office and the dioces of Oschatz in older and more recent times. Friedrich Christian Ludwig Ordecop, Oschatz, 1817, p. 20, ( online ), accessed April 6, 2011.
  5. ↑ Johann Christoph Naumann: Presentation of the Jagt-Palaies Hubertusburg, which after Royal Majest. von Pohlen and Churfürstl. Passage to Saxony drafted, before Her Highness Dero Königl. Princes have been listed. Dresden 1727.
  6. ↑ Dr. Peter Neu: History of hunting horn music. Coburg, 2010, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  7. ↑ Dr. Othmar Wokalik: History of the Hunt. 27th part. Coburg, 2006, ( Link ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note . February 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / st.hubertus.cc
  8. ^ A b Joseph Kürschner: King Albert and Sachsenland. Verlag Reinhold und Schwarz, Berlin, 1906, online edition: ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  9. ↑ Reiner Pommerin : Friedrich August III. . In: Sächsische Biografie ed. from the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore e. V., arr. by Martina Schattkowsky, online edition: ( Link ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) (accessed on February 25, 2011), Dresden, 2004, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isgv.de
  10. ^ Website of the municipality of Wermsdorf: Wermsdorfer Wald. Wermsdorf, 2011, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  11. ↑ a b Albert Hugo: Rare sight. In: Jagd-Zeitung Wien, 1863, online edition: ( Link ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and remove then this note. ) February 25, 2011, Dresden, 2004, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isgv.de
  12. ↑ Martin Hartig: The Saxon forests on the way to sustainable management. In: Meeting point forest. Saxon Forest Owners Association e. V., Tharandt 2010, (PDF; 753 kB) URL: ( online ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  13. ↑ District Office Torgau-Oschatz: Conservation-related appreciation for the re-designation of the LSG “Wermsdorfer Forst”, the results of the investigation by the Wassertechnik Leipzig GmbH, Oschatz, 2009.
  14. ^ State enterprise Sachsenforst: overview map of forest property. Leipzig Forest District. Dresden, 2010, (PDF; 2.8 MB) URL: ( online ( memento of the original from May 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 3.0 MB) accessed on February 25, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.smul.sachsen.de
  15. ↑ Heimatverein Wermsdorf: Carl Zinkernagel grave. Carl Zinkernagel is of great importance for the local history of Wermsdorf. Wermsdorf, 2007, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  16. ^ Helmut Striegler: Carl Heinrich Wilhelm Zinkernagel. In: Sächsische Biografie ed. from the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore e. V., arr. by Martina Schattkowsky, online edition: ( Link ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) (February 25, 2011), Dresden, 2004, ( Link ) accessed on February 25, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isgv.de
  17. ↑ Helmut Striegler: The Oberforstmeisterei zu Wermsdorf (part 2 / conclusion). Under Zürner's direction. Moving away from conifers. Order for zinc nails. What files prove. Clear cutting restricted. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, Oschatz October 5, 1999, page 16.
  18. ↑ a b Friedrich Gustav Klemm Society: History in the forest. The cultural landscape museum in the Wermsdorf Forest. Beier & Beran Verlag, Langenweißbach, 2004, No. 2-1-75.
  19. ↑ a b Institute for Saxon History and Folklore e. V .: Digital Historical Directory of Saxony Dresden, 2006, ( online ) accessed on February 25, 2011.
  20. ↑ Heimatverein Bergtreue e. V .: Chronicle. Collm in Saxony. Heimatverein Bergtreue e. V., Collm, August 16, 2005, p. 17.
  21. ^ German Geophysical Society eV: Ludwig F. Weickmann (182 - 1961) In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Geophysikalische Gesellschaft e. V. No. 3, Hanover, 2007, (PDF; 3.9 MB) URL: ( online ( memento of the original from 23 September 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original - and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 4.1 MB) accessed on February 25, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dgg-online.de
  22. ↑ k. A .: The new earthquake station on the Collm. Alma Mater Lipsiensis 1409–2009, (PDF 99 kB) ( online ; PDF; 102 kB), accessed on March 5, 2011.
  23. ^ Michael Börngen, Franz Jacobs, Ludwig A. Weickmann: Ludwig F. Weickmann (1882–1961). In: German Geophysical Society e. V., No. 2, 2007, Hanover, (PDF 3.74 MB) ( online ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and Archive link according to instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 4.1 MB), S9, accessed on March 5, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dgg-online.de
  24. ↑ Marcus Landschulze: Geophysical evaluation of large explosive device tests in October 1944 and March 1945. in Rainer Karlsch, Heiko Petermann (ed.): Pros and cons "Hitler's bomb". Studies on atomic research in Germany. Waxmann Verlag, Münster, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8309-1893-6 , pp. 141 ff., ( Online ), accessed on March 5, 2011.
  25. ↑ a b c Walter Schlesinger (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 8: Saxony (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 312). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1965. Kröner, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-520-31201-8 .
  26. ↑ LVZ-Online: Sachsenforst - spring planting at the Silbersee in the Wermsdorf forest. Retrieved April 4, 2018 .
  27. ↑ Reinhard Spehr : The desert castle Osterlant. An archaeological consideration of the building history. Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach, 2005, No. 2-1-74.
  28. ↑ Lisa Garn: Motorists damaged post mile column from 1724. In: Oschatzer Allgemeine Zeitung, November 10, 2011

Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 42.8 ″  N , 12 ° 55 ′ 6.2 ″  E