White elm
| White elm | ||||||||||||
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Old specimen tree, before and after the leaf shoots |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Ulmus laevis | ||||||||||||
| Pall. |
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The white elm ( Ulmus laevis ), also known as white elm , is a large tree from the elm genus ( Ulmus ) and belongs to the elm family (Ulmaceae).
The white elm is tree of the year 2019 in Germany.
description
White elms reach heights of up to 35 meters and are deciduous. As in all Central European elm species, the alternate leaves have an asymmetrical base. Contrary to popular belief, the white elm does not cross with other species such as field or mountain elm . The flower buds are broad and cone-shaped - unlike the more round buds of the field elm and mountain elm. The leaf buds are two-colored and slender-cone-shaped. The bud scales are light to red-brown and have a dark edge. In contrast to other elms, the seed-bearing wingnuts are densely ciliate. The bark is already in younger trees rough with flaking dandruff.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence
White elms occur mainly in riparian forests and on groundwater floors. The main distribution area is more continental Eastern Europe, in Germany mainly in the north-eastern federal states (Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) and in the southern Upper Rhine Rift. They can tolerate floods of more than 100 days a year. An adaptation to these special soil conditions are buttress roots , which they can sometimes develop. This special form of the trunk base is a rarity among native tree species. The white elm is a characteristic species of the Alno-Ulmion association in Central Europe and is particularly common in the Pruno-Fraxinetum.
Wood
The beautifully drawn wood of the white elm has a higher toughness than the field and mountain elm. Otherwise, the wood properties can be rather unfavorable depending on the purpose.
Dutch elm disease
The white elm is much less affected by Dutch elm disease than other elms. The elm sapwood beetle ( Scolytus scolytus ) and the elm sapwood beetle ( Scolytus multistriatus ), which are the main vectors of Dutch elm mortality, are less likely to fly to the white elm due to their bark components. It has incomplete mechanisms of resistance against the tubular fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi .
From the aspect of species protection , the white elm is of particular importance. For certain species, such as the elm leaf flea ( Psylla ulmi ), it is the only habitat.
literature
- Gordon Mackenthun: The genus Ulmus in Saxony . Forest science contributions Tharandt, booklet 9 (also dissertation). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-4712-2
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling (2003a): European white elm ( Ulmus laevis Pall.). - in: Weisgerber et al. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Woody Plants, 33rd supplement, 13 pp.
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling (2003b): European white elm - unknown tree. 10 common misconceptions about a native tree species . - AFZ / Der Wald (25): 1282–1286.
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling (2003c): The white elm in Bavaria . - LWF currently 42: 51-54.
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling (2005): Flatterüster. A little-known local type of wood - central wood sheet. - 131 (8): 109-111.
Web links
- White elm. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Ulmus laevis Pall. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 4, 2015.
- Distribution map for Germany on Floraweb
- Distribution map Ulmus laevis. Den virtuella floran , Naturhistoriska riksmuseet Stockholm
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling: The white elm in Bavaria. Article in LWF-aktuell 42, 2003 (PDF) of the Bavarian State Institute for Forests and Forestry
- Stefan Müller-Kroehling: Literature compilation on white elm , 2006 (PDF)
- Peter Schwab: European white elm. (PDF, 558 kB) In: Project SEBA - Promotion of rare tree species. Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 2001, archived from the original on March 7, 2007 ; Retrieved November 4, 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Flatter-Ulme is Tree of the Year 2019. Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 9, 2018, accessed on August 25, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 319.
- ↑ ROBIN-WOOD magazine, No. 139 / 4.2018, “Burned Forest”. (pdf) The flutter elm. www.robinwood.de, September 7, 2018, accessed on January 5, 2019 (here pages 26 to 31, 6.4MB).
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