Yarrow

Yarrow
	Common meadow yarrow ( Achillea millefolium )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Anthemideae
Genre :	Yarrow
Scientific name
	Achillea
	L.

The yarrow ( Achillea ) are a genus of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Some Achillea species are used as medicinal plants .

description

Illustration of the Marsh Yarrow ( Achillea ptarmica )

Vegetative characteristics

The Achillea species are perennial herbaceous plants , rarely sub-shrubs that reach heights of 6 to 80 centimeters. The whole plant usually smells aromatic. In spring, the rhizome sprouts a rosette of leaves. Later, a stem grows on which the flowers form. The smooth to hairy stem is tough and marrow-bearing inside.

The alternate leaves are stalked to sessile. The leaf blades are narrow and pinnate.

Generative characteristics

The simple or compound shawny inflorescence consists of many small cup-shaped partial inflorescences . 10 to 30 bracts are in (one to) two to three (up to four) rows. The flower heads usually have a diameter of 2 to 3 (rarely 5) millimeters and contain (5 to) 15 to more than 75 tubular and rarely none, but mostly three to five (up to twelve or rarely more) ray-flowers . The color of the ray florets of most species is white to pale yellow, pink tints also occur.

The achenes usually have two ribs.

ingredients

Ingredients of the yarrow species are proazulene , essential oils , tannins , flavonoids , chamazulene (in its preliminary stage matricin ), camphor , achilles and other bitter substances as well as various minerals (especially potassium ).

Achillea abrotanoides

Achillea ageratifolia

Fern-leaved real yarrow ( Achillea aspleniifolia )

Bitter yarrow ( Achillea clavennae )

Clusius yarrow ( Achillea clusiana )

Achillea clypeolata

Gold yarrow ( Achillea filipendulina )

Achillea ligustica

Large-leaved yarrow ( Achillea macrophylla )

Achillea maritima

Dwarf yarrow ( Achillea nana )

Noble yarrow ( Achillea nobilis )

Dolomite yarrow ( Achillea oxyloba )

Yellow yarrow ( Achillea tomentosa )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Achillea was established by Carl von Linné . The botanical genus name Achillea is derived from the Greek hero Achilles , who, according to legend, was once said to have treated his wounds with the help of this plant. Synonyms for Achillea L. are: Leucocyclus Boiss. , Ptarmica Hill

The Achillea species are native to the subtropical to temperate zone of Eurasia , but some species are also found in North Africa and America. They are native to all of Europe up to the Arctic Circle and also in the Alps.

There are 115 to 200 species in the genus Achillea (selection):

Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. : It occurs in Croatia , Serbia , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Montenegro , Albania , North Macedonia and Greece .

Achillea absinthoides Halácsy : It occurs in Greece.

Greek yarrow ( Achillea aegyptiaca L. , Syn .: Achillea taygetea Boiss. & Heldr. ): The home is Greece .

Silver Shearling ( Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Boiss. ): It occurs in Southeastern Europe on rocks at altitudes above 500 meters. There are the following subspecies:

Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Boiss. subsp. ageratifolia : It occurs in Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece.
Achillea ageratifolia subsp. aizoon (Griseb.) Heimerl : It occurs in North Macedonia and Greece.
Achillea ageratifolia subsp. serbica (Nyman) Heimerl (Syn .: Achillea serbica ( Nyman) Petrović ): It occurs in Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Bulgaria.

Liver balsam yarrow ( Achillea ageratum L .; Syn .: Achillea decolorans Schrad. ): It is widespread in southern Europe and Morocco .

Achillea aleppica DC.

Achillea alpina L. (Syn .: Achillea sibirica Ledeb. ): It iswidespreadin temperate areas of Asia and North America .

Achillea alexandri-regis Bornm. & Rudsky : It only occurs in Serbia.

Achillea ambrosiaca (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss. : It occurs in Greece.

Achillea apiculata Orlova : It occurs in northern European Russia.

Achillea arabica Kotschy : It occurs on the Sinai Peninsula and in Western Asia .

Achillea armenorum Boiss. & Hausskn. : It occurs in Turkey .

Achillea asiatica Serg. : It is common in Asia.

Achillea aspleniifolia Vent. : It is common in Central and Southeastern Europe.

Black-rimmed yarrow ( Achillea atrata L. )

Achillea baldaccii sword : It occurs in Serbia and Albania.

Achillea barbeyana hero Dr. & Heimerl : It only occurs in Greece.

Achillea barrelieri (Ten.) Sch.Bip. : There are subspecies that are all found in Italy:

Achillea barrelieri (Ten.) Sch.Bip. subsp. barrelieri
Achillea barrelieri subsp. elegans (Fiori) Bazzich.
Achillea barrelieri subsp. mucronulata (Bertol.) Heimerl

Achillea biebersteinii Afan. : It is common in Southeast Europe and Asia.

Achillea biserrata M. Bieb. : It is common in the Caucasus .

Achillea boissieri Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.

Achillea brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn. : It occurs in Turkey.

Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. & Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.

Achillea carpatica Dubovik : It occurs in Slovakia and Ukraine .

Achillea chamaemelifolia Pourr. : It occurs in Spain , Andorra and France .

Achillea chrysocoma Friv. : It is common in Southeast Europe.

Bitter yarrow or stone rue ( Achillea clavennae L. ): It is widespread in Central and Southeastern Europe.
Clusius yarrow ( Achillea clusiana Tausch ): It is widespread in Central and Southeastern Europe.
Achillea clypeolata Sm . : It is widespread in Southeastern Europe and Turkey.
Achillea coarctata Poir. : It occurs in the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova , Ukraine and Turkey.
Mound yarrow ( Achillea collina (Wirtg.) Heimerl ): It is widespread in Europe and Western Asia.
Achillea conferta DC. : The homeland is Iran and Iraq .
Achillea cretica L .: It occurs in Greece, on the islands of the Aegean Sea, in Turkey and on Cyprus as well as Crete .
Samphire-leaved yarrow ( Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. ): It is widespread in Central Europe, Southeastern Europe and Turkey.
Achillea cucullata Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. : It is common in Europe.
Achillea erba-rotta All. . There are the following subspecies:
- Achillea erba-rotta subsp. erba-rotta : It only occurs in France and Italy .
- Musk yarrow ( Achillea erba-rotta subsp. Moschata (Wulfen) Vacc .; Syn .: Achillea moschata Wulfen ): It occurs in France, Italy, Austria and Switzerland .
Achillea euxina Klokov : It occurs in the Ukraine and in the Crimea .
Achillea falcata L .: It is distributed in Western Asia ( Turkey , Syria , Israel , Lebanon , Iraq ).
Gold yarrow or gold yarrow ( Achillea filipendulina Lam. , Often called " Achillea filipendula "): It is common in West to Central Asia.
Achillea formosa (Boiss.) Sch. Gdp. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea fraasii Sch.Bip. : It occurs in Turkey, Greece, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia.
Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Gdp.
Achillea glaberrima Klokov : It occurs in Ukraine.
Achillea goniocephala Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea grandifolia Friv. : It is common in Europe and Turkey.
Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea hamzaoglui Arabacı & Budak : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea holosericea Sm . : It occurs in Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia and Greece.
Achillea horanszkyi Ujhelyi : It occurs in Hungary .
Achillea impatiens L .: It occurs in Romania , Russia, Siberia and in northern Xinjiang .
Achillea inundata Kondr.
Achillea ketenoglui H.Duman : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea kotschyi Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey and Bulgaria.
Achillea latiloba Nordm. : It occurs in Turkey and Georgia .
Achillea leptophylla M.Bieb.
Achillea ligustica All. : The home is southern Europe and North Africa.
Achillea lingulata Waldst. & Kit. : It is common in Southeast Europe and Ukraine .
Achillea lycaonica Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea macrocephala Rupr. : It is common in East Asia (Russia, Japan ).
Large-leaved yarrow ( Achillea macrophylla L. ): It occurs in Germany , Austria , France, Italy and Switzerland .
Achillea magnifica Hub.-Mor. : The home is Turkey.
Achillea maritima (L.) Honoring. & YPGuo (Syn .: Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link ): It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
Achillea maura Humbert : It occurs in Morocco.
Achillea membranacea (Labill.) DC.
Achillea micrantha Willd.
Achillea micranthoides Klokov : It occurs in Ukraine.
Common meadow yarrow ( Achillea millefolium L. , Syn .: Achillea millefolium subsp. Lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper , Achillea lanulosa Nutt. ): It is widespread in Eurasia , North and Central America and is a neophyte almost worldwide .
Achillea milliana H.Duman : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea monocephala Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea multifida (DC.) Griseb. : It occurs in Turkey, North Macedonia and Bulgaria.
Dwarf yarrow ( Achillea nana L. )
Achillea nigrescens (E. Mey.) Rydb.
Noble yarrow ( Achillea nobilis L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia .
Achillea occulta Constantin. & Kalpoutz. : It occurs in Greece.
Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh. : It occurs in Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Ukraine.
Achillea odorata L .: It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Algeria and Morocco.
Achillea oligocephala DC.
Dolomite yarrow ( Achillea oxyloba (DC.) Sch.Bip. ): There are the following subspecies:
- Achillea oxyloba (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. oxyloba : It occurs in Austria and Italy.
- Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii (Schultz Bip.) Heimerl : It occurs in Romania and the Ukraine.
Achillea Phrygia Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea pindicola Hausskn. : It occurs in Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia and Greece.
Furious meadow yarrow ( Achillea pratensis Saukel & R. Lange ): It occurs in France, Germany , the Czech Republic , Austria, Italy, Croatia, Romania and Slovakia .
Achillea pseudoaleppica Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea pseudopectinata Janka : It is common in Europe.
Marsh yarrow ( Achillea ptarmica L. ): It is common in Europe.
Achillea ptarmicifolia (Willd.) Heimerl : It is common in the Caucasus.
Achillea pyrenaica Sibth. ex Godr. : The home is Spain and France.
Pale red meadow yarrow ( Achillea roseoalba Ehrend. ): It occurs in France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia and Romania.
Achillea rupestris Porta (Syn .: Achillea erba-rotta subsp. Rupestris (Porta) Vacc. ): The home is Italy.
Willow-leaved Marsh Yarrow ( Achillea salicifolia Besser , Syn .: Achillea cartilaginea Ledeb. Ex Rchb. )
Achillea santolina L .: It iswidespread inNorth Africa, West Asia and Pakistan .
Achillea santolinoides Lag . : It occurs in North Africa, Spain and West Asia. With the subspecies:
- Achillea santolinoides subsp. santolinoides : It occurs in Morocco and Spain.
- Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii (K.Koch) Greuter (Syn .: Achillea wilhelmsii K.Koch ): It is widespread in Turkey, the Caucasus , Syria , Iraq , Iran , Central Asia , Afghanistan and Pakistan .
Achillea shishkinii Sosn. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea sedelmeyeriana Sosn. : It occurs in Georgia.
Hungarian meadow yarrow ( Achillea seilii J.Presl & C.Presl , Syn .: Achillea pannonica Scheele )
Fine-leaved yarrow ( Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. ): It is common in Eurasia.
Achillea sieheana Stapf : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea sintenisii Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea sipikorensis Hausskn. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea sivasica Çelik & Akpulat : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea spinulifolia Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea stepposa Klokov & Krytzka
Achillea styriaca Saukel & Danihelka : It occurs in Austria and the Czech Republic .
Achillea taygetea Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Greece.
Achillea tenuifolia Lam. : It occurs in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran.
Achillea teretifolia Willd. : It occurs in Turkey.
Achillea thracica Velen. (Syn. Achillea millefoliata Grecescu ): It occurs in Romania and Bulgaria.
Yellow yarrow ( Achillea tomentosa L. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy and Croatia .
Achillea umbellata Sm . : The home is Greece.
Achillea vermicularis Trin. : It is common in Turkey, Armenia , Azerbaijan , Iraq and Iran.
Achillea virescens (Fenzl) Heimerl (Syn .: Achillea odorata var. Virescens Fenzl , Achillea odorata subsp. Paucidentata (Ambrosi) Briq. , Achillea nobilis var. Paucidentata Ambrosi ): It comes in Slovenia, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania and Montenegro before.

use

The blooming yarrow is used as a bitter tonic for digestive disorders and colic. The flowers are also used to care for facial skin in steam baths. The fresh shoots and leaves can also be used as an addition to salads and the essential oils have an expectorant effect.

Chopsticks for the traditional Chinese yarrow oracle were made from the stems , see also I Ching .

swell

literature

Debra K. Trock: Achillea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 492 (English). , same text online as the printed work.
Abdul Ghafoor: Flora of Pakistan 207: Asteraceae (I) - Anthemideae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2002, Achillea, p. 36, online .
Ian Bertram Kay Richardson: Achillea L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 159–165 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

↑ Mannfried Pahlow: The great book of medicinal plants. Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7742-3848-0 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao Achillea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN ), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) : Achillea. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhart von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
↑ Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 90.
↑ Debra K. trock: Achillea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 492 (English). , online .
^ Abdul Ghafoor: Flora of Pakistan, Volume 207: Asteraceae (I) - Anthemideae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2002, Achillea, p. 36, online .
↑ Hans W. Kothe: Lexicon of herbs. Komet, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89836-406-2 .

Web links

Commons : Achillea - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Pahlow1993-1] Mannfried Pahlow: The great book of medicinal plants. Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7742-3848-0 .

[GRIN-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao Achillea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN ), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) : Achillea. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhart von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.

[Schönfelder2008-4] Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 90.

[FoNA-5] Debra K. trock: Achillea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 492 (English). , online .

[FoPakistan-6] Abdul Ghafoor: Flora of Pakistan, Volume 207: Asteraceae (I) - Anthemideae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2002, Achillea, p. 36, online .

[Kothe2004-7] Hans W. Kothe: Lexicon of herbs. Komet, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89836-406-2 .