Bitter yarrow

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bitter yarrow
Bitter yarrow (Achillea clavennae) on the Ötscher in Lower Austria

Bitter yarrow ( Achillea clavennae ) on the Ötscher in Lower Austria

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Yarrow ( Achillea )
Type : Bitter yarrow
Scientific name
Achillea clavennae
L.

The bitterness yarrow ( Achillea clavennae ) is a plant from the genus of yarrow ( Achillea ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration from Anton Hartinger: Atlas of the Alpine flora , 1882
Habit and leaves
Habit, leaves and inflorescence
Complete inflorescence with flower heads in detail, details of the flowers can also be seen

Vegetative characteristics

The bitter yarrow grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 30 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant, especially the leaves, are silky, felty and white-gray in color.

The central stem leaves are pinnately lobed to deeply pinnate, with two to four sections on both sides. These are usually 1.5 to 5 millimeters wide undivided or with two to three blunt lobes, teeth or tips.

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
especially the generative characteristics are only marginally described or not at all
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. In a total inflorescence there are 6 to 25 cup-shaped partial inflorescences . The flower heads have a diameter of 10 to 18 millimeters. The bracts are bordered black-brown. There are five to eight ray florets in a flower head. The white ray florets are 4 to 6 millimeters long and five-fold.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ingredients

The leaves of the bitter yarrow give off an aromatic, spicy scent when rubbed. Like most types of yarrow, bitter yarrow contains essential oils and the bitter substances achilleine and moshchatine .

Occurrence

Of Achillea clavennae there locality data for Germany , the Switzerland , Austria , Italy and South-Eastern Europe ( Serbia , Slovenia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Montenegro , Albania ).

Achillea clavennae is limestone and is therefore often found in the limestone Alps . In the central Alps rather scattered to rare. The bitter yarrow thrives best on sunny stone lawns, in crevices and rock rubble on fresh, lime-rich, neutral-mild, humus-rich, loose, stony loam soils . Achillea clavennae is a character species of Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis from the Seslerion association, but also occurs in plant communities of the associations Thlaspeion rotundifolii or Potentillion caulescentis.

protection

The bitter yarrow has been specially protected in Germany since 1980 according to the Federal Nature Conservation Act = BNatSchG.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Achillea clavennae was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet clavennae honors the Italian botanist of the 15th to 16th centuries Nikolas Clavenna . Synonyms for Achillea clavennae L. are Achillea argentea Vis. non lam. , Achillea capitata Willd.

Healing application

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The bitter yarrow is used as a medicinal herb for stomach, intestinal and liver ailments and as a wound herb.

Common names

The bitter yarrow is also called stone rue , white Speik or white yarrow . Because of its bitter, spicy taste, it is also known as alpine wormwood . In addition, the names that are often only used regionally exist or existed: Abrauten ( Tyrol ), Bergwermut (Tyrol near Lienz , Pinzgau ), Kronenwermut, Kührauten ( Fusch im Pinzgau), Rossrauten ( Pongau , Pinzgau, Zillertal ), Unser Frauen Rauch, White smoke ( Austria ), white wormwood and pikeperch ( Carinthia ).

Others

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

In some areas, the White Speik is also part of the cattle jewelry for the cattle drive . In the French Alps, leaves were placed on children’s eyes to ensure a peaceful sleep and beautiful dreams.

The bitter yarrow was also highly regarded as a magic plant . So alpine huts and stables were fumigated with the herb to protect against witches.

swell

literature

  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Bitter Yarrow in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  934 .
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ^ Carl Jessen , The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 6.

Web links

Commons : Bitter Yarrow ( Achillea clavennae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files