Klitten

Klitten Klětno Municipality Boxberg / OL Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 0 ″  N , 14 ° 36 ′ 0 ″  E
Height :	134 m above sea level NN
Area :	5.29 km²
Residents :	526  (December 31, 2008)
Population density :	99 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	February 1, 2009
Postal code :	02943
Area code :	035895

Klitten , in Upper Sorbian Klětno ^{? / i} , is a district of the Saxon community Boxberg / OL in the district of Görlitz . The village in the Sorbian settlement area with around 500 inhabitants is known for its two Protestant churches.

In the Klitten parish, the Klitten costume has developed, which is an independent Sorbian costume . In the meantime it is only worn as a chest costume on special occasions. In the originally purely Sorbian village, an Upper Sorbian heath dialect was spoken.

geography

Klitten is located in the south-eastern part of the municipality in the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve and forms a closed settlement with the neighboring town of Jahmen to the west and the neighboring town of Klein-Oelsa to the south . Surrounding villages are Dürrbach in the north, Klein-Radisch in the east, Tauer and Zimpel in the southeast and Kaschel in the southwest. Larger villages are Boxberg in the north, Reichwalde in the northeast, Kreba in the east, Mücka in the southeast and Uhyst in the west.

The Klitten station on the Węgliniec – Roßlau railway line is in the neighboring district of Jahmen. Line OE 64 (Hoyerswerda – Görlitz) runs here every two hours as a Seenland-Neisse shuttle . To the north-west of the village lies the Bärwalder See .

Klitten shows the settlement form Gassengruppendorf and as a demarcation a corridor .

history

Protestant church

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. John

Local history

Archaeological finds in the area show settlement in the Neolithic , Bronze and Early Iron Ages . After the migration of peoples and the settlement of Slavic tribes in Lusatia, the first documentary mention was made in 1390 under the name Cletin in the Görlitz town book Liber actorum (1389-1413).

The churches of Merzdorf and Reichwalde were originally subordinate to the church as subsidiary churches . The Reformation took hold in 1555, and in the same year there were structural changes and extensions to the church. Klitten belonged to the Jahmen Manor as early as the middle of the 16th century .

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Swedish troops stayed in Klitten for a long time in 1637, looting the village and setting fire to it. On July 6, 1689 and March 19, 1802, major fires destroyed large parts of the village. There is an entry for the fire in 1802 in the Klitten court book:

"1802 the 19th Mart. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the all-farmer Handrick started out of the custody of the old farmer Handrick Gedinge Mannes, through the Kien smoking in the garden, a fire at the shed, causing the three Gantz farmers Handrick, Noack, Basde, the four half-farmers Brade, Drusche, Pettrick, Loocke , three Dresch Häußler foods Voigt, Poslantz, Borbasky, the same 5 Freihäuslerahrung Domaschk, Scholte, and Richter-ische free iezo Mahns Hauß, together with his wife Wife, Bridde, Ms. Häussl. Lockes, a complete robbery of the flames. "

After the Wars of Liberation , in which the Kingdom of Saxony fought on the French side, Klitten was in the part of Upper Lusatia that had to be ceded to Prussia in 1815. In the following year, Klitten in the province of Silesia was assigned to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) .

In 1854, about 200 Sorbian Lutherans from Klitten, Jahmen and other places in Upper Lusatia, who emigrated to Texas (mostly to Serbin ) , joined the pastor Jan Kilian . There they founded the Missouri Lutheran Church Synod with other Old Lutherans .

With the construction of the Kohlfurt – Falkenberg (Elster) railway line in 1871, Klitten received a railway connection.

The communities Jahmen, Kaschel and Klein-Oelsa (since 1936 Oelbrück ) were incorporated into Klitten on April 1, 1938.

Towards the end of the Second World War , fighting broke out in Klitten in April 1945. After the 1st Ukrainian Front crossed the Oder and Neisse on April 16, the troops of the 5th Guard Army and the 2nd Polish Army were at Klitten on April 19th. Due to an advance by Wehrmacht troops on April 21st, fighting broke out, during which the Protestant church burned down on April 29th. The Church of the Old Lutherans also received a few hits, but was hardly damaged and quickly rebuilt after the war.

The community expanded in 1973 to include Dürrbach, Klein-Radisch and Zimpel-Tauer , making it the community with the most districts in the Niesky district.

Demonstration in January 1990 against the demolition of Klitten

The Jasua settlement for the Bärwalde opencast mine was demolished in 1988 , and a large part of the community was to follow. Towards the end of the eighties the residents began to protest against the devastation of the place with the help of the two churches. The onset of energy policy rethinking in the early years after the fall of the Wall, as well as increased protests by the Klitten population, resulted in the open pit being deferred in 1991 . Lignite mining was stopped in 1992, which also resulted in the loss of jobs for Klittener.

In April 1994 the administrative association Heidedörfer was founded with its seat in Klitten. After it was dissolved in December 1999, Klitten joined the Boxberg / OL administrative association . In June 2008, the municipal councils of Boxberg and Klittens voted for the incorporation of Klitten into Boxberg, which could take place on February 1, 2009.

Population development

year	Residents
	place	local community
1825	294	294
1863	382	382
1871	405	405
1885	433	433
1905	408	408
1919	506	506
1925	554	554
1939		1263
1946		1725
1950		1777
1964		1688
1971		1627
1988		1581
1990		1493
2002		1491
2008	526	1377

year	Peasant ( possessed man )	gardener	Cottager	all in all
1588	14th	3	6th	23
1600	12	4th	3	19th
1647 1657	09	4th	3	16
1741	11	4th	17th	32
1777	13	4th	20th	37
1807/13	08th	3	20th	31

In the division of Hieronymus von Nostitz's property complex on Guttau among his five sons, the deed of division in 1588 mentions two feudal farmers , five full and seven half-farmers , a total of 14 possessed men, as well as three garden food owners and six cottagers. In the following years the number of hosts fell from 23 to 19 (1600). A further decline in population is noticeable through the events of the Thirty Years' War; in the 1647 state survey, only five full and four half farmers, four gardeners and three cottagers were named.

Within a century the village was able to recover and continue to grow, but at the expense of the social structure. In 1741, seven half-farmers were named in the land registry of the Jahmen Rule, but only four full-time farmers were recorded, and as in 1647, no feudal men were listed (a total of eleven possessed men). The number of gardeners has remained unchanged and the number of cottagers has risen to 17. The number of farms had doubled from 16 to 32 between 1647 and 1741. When the state examinated in 1777, two additional farmers and three more cottages were named. Until the wars of liberation , the number of farmers fell by six and gardeners to three, which is partly due to the fire of 1802.

In the first population survey, in which the taxable economies were not counted, but every inhabitant was of equal interest, 294 inhabitants were counted in Klitten in 1825. Over the next 100 years, the population almost doubled, reaching 554 in 1925.

With the incorporation of Jahmen, Kaschel and Klein-Oelsa, the population of the four towns rose from 1176 in December 1885 to 1263 in May 1939. After the Second World War , the population continued to rise as a result of refugees and displaced persons from the formerly German eastern regions, so that the Population in 1950 was around 40% higher than in 1939. Within the next 20 years the number fell from 1,777 to 1,627 inhabitants, and despite the incorporation of Dürrbach, Klein-Radisch and Zimpel-Tauer, the number in 1990 was already below 1,500. By 2008, the population in the community had decreased by around 120 1377.

In the 19th century the population was predominantly Sorbian. In 1863, according to official figures, 269 of the 382 inhabitants were Sorbs , around 1880 Muka determined 353 Sorbs out of 440 inhabitants. This corresponds to a Sorbian population of 70.4% (1863) and 80.2% (1884). The language change to German took place mainly in the first half of the 20th century. In 1956, Ernst Tschernik determined a Sorbian-speaking population of only 15.7% in the municipality of Klitten. Today the language has largely disappeared from everyday local life.

Sorbian traditional costume made of Klitten on a GDR postage stamp from 1977

Place name

The place name developed from Cleten (1396, 1421) via Kletin (1399) and Clethen (1511) to the name Klitten (1703), which is common today . The Sorbian name can be found in 1767 in Christian Knauthe's Derer Oberlausitzer Sorbenenken complex church history as Kljetno . The form with -je- is still used in 1835, while in 1885 the change to - ě - in the current spelling Klětno took place.

Jan Meschgang derived the name from the Old Sorbian klět as a settlement of wooden huts , but also thought klětka for a bird-farming village with catching cages for birds as the origin of the name was possible. Ernst Eichler consistently cited the Old Sorbian word Klět´no to klět´ ' pantry , mud hut' and comparatively mentioned klětka 'cage for birds, for wild animals'.

Memorials

Graves and a memorial stone in the Klitten cemetery commemorate seven unknown concentration camp prisoners who were murdered in the spring of 1945.

Sources and further reading

• From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 273 f .
• Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 234 ff .
• Dr. Georg Alpermann: Höfe und Bauern in Klitten (since 1588) (=  German local family books . Volume 18 ). German Working Group on Genealogical Associations, Frankfurt am Main 1959.
• Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscape. A regional survey in the Lohsa, Klitten, Großdubrau and Baruth area . In: Values ​​of the German homeland . tape 67 . Böhlau, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-08903-6 .

Web links

Commons : Klitten / Klětno  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Boxberg / OL - district of Klitten

Footnotes

1. ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015) . S. 148 .
2. ↑ Quoted from Alpermann: Höfe und Bauern in Klitten (since 1588) , p. 9.
3. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 2nd to December 31st, 2009
4. ↑ ^{a b} From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , p. 273.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Klitten in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
6. ^ Boxberg registration office
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Alpermann: Höfe und Bauern in Klitten (since 1588) , p. 1.
8. ↑ ^{a b c} values ​​of the German homeland, volume 67, pages 391–398.
9. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 118 .
10. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 254 .
11. ^ Jan Meschgang: The place names of Upper Lusatia . edited by Ernst Eichler. 2nd Edition. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1979, p. 64 .
12. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 128 .