Kreba
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Kreba
Chrjebja Community Kreba-Neudorf
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 45 ″ N , 14 ° 41 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 143 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.1 km² |
| Residents : | 475 (May 9, 2011) |
| Population density : | 59 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 035893 |
Kreba (1936–1947 Heideanger ), Chrjebja in Upper Sorbian , is the capital of the East Saxon community of Kreba-Neudorf in the Görlitz district in Upper Lusatia . It belongs to the Sorbian settlement area .
geography
The lane group village is located in the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve on the right bank of the Schwarzen Schöps . The village is surrounded by several groups of ponds, which are used for fish farming (especially mirror carp).
Surrounding places are the districts belonging to the municipality Tschernske in the northeast, Lache in the east and Neudorf in the south. In the west is the Boxberg district of Klein-Radisch , in the north Reichwalde . A few kilometers northeast is the former Krebaer and now Kosel belonging place Zedlig .
The Węgliniec – Falkenberg / Elster railway runs a few kilometers to the south , with the nearest passenger stations in western Klitten , southern Mücka and southeastern Petershain .
history
Local history
Koschan de Crobe was first mentioned in a document in 1391 in a Görlitz town register. The village must have been quite large at that time, because on Pentecost Sunday 1490 in Prague the supreme liege lord , the Bohemian King Wladislaus , granted Kreba the right to hold weekly markets on Wednesdays.
The rulership of Baruth exercised the manorial rule over the village , whose division of inheritance was carried out on Easter Sunday 1519 in 1521. The manor Kreba, until 1618 owned by the von Gersdorff , was in the following centuries and through several changes of ownership seat of government Kreba to the early 20th century, the goods and outworks Kreba, Tschernske, Mücka, Neuliebel , Zedlig, Hammerstadt with Linda and Niederkosel with a total of around 42 km² of land belonged.
The Kreba iron hammer was founded before the year 1400, because the hammer master von der Krobe paid off his debts to the stone grave Hans Semesch as early as 1409 . The Krebaer Rittergut was given the right to win Raseneisenstein on all estates that were then part of the rulership , which made the hammer mill quite productive. In 1855 the plant was closed.
Kreba was reformed early on . The first Protestant pastor was the Muskauer Petrus Sutorius in 1540 , who is said to have been ordained personally by Martin Luther . It was around this time that the first school lessons were also given.
While the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the plague in 1634 left their marks in the first half of the 17th century , there were several fires towards the end of the century. The school burned down in 1672, nine years later the newly built church also burned down in 1625. A new church with a tower was built by 1685. The school building burned down again as early as 1705.
The hammer mill was expanded in 1721 into an ironworks with a blast furnace, which was in operation until the sixties of the following century. Around 1750 a mansion (castle) was built on the manor house, which was given its present appearance through several modifications and extensions.
In 1789, Kreba was declared compulsory. In 1828 a new school building was built, which was also attended by the Mücka students until 1892.
After the Congress of Vienna, Kreba was in the part of Upper Lusatia that fell to Prussia in 1815 . In the following year, the community was incorporated into the Rothenburg district (Ob. Laus.) . In the middle of that century, Sorbs made up about half of the population. Despite efforts to Germanize Upper Lusatia on the part of the Prussian authorities, Sorbian worship services were held in the Kreba church alongside the German ones until the 1920s.
During the time of National Socialism , Kreba received the Germanized place name Heideanger in 1936 . In 1938 the neighboring community of Hirschwalde (formerly Zschernske , later Tschernske ) was incorporated.
In the last weeks of the Second World War in April 1945, the school and around two thirds of the residential and auxiliary buildings in Kreba were destroyed, and 65 soldiers died in combat operations.
In 1947 Kreba and Tschernske got their old names back, with Tschernske getting an updated name spelling with T- instead of Z- .
The municipality, which has been in Saxony again since 1945, came to the Niesky district through the administrative reform of 1952 . Five years later the districts of Zedlig and Neu-Kreba were transferred to Kosel . On January 1, 1973 the merger with Neudorf to Kreba-Neudorf took place.
After the reunification , the local potato processing plant was taken over by Bahlsen , expanded and converted to nut processing in 1996. The plant is the largest employer in town and is now part of Lorenz Snack-World . Another economically important operation of the place is the Kreba pond farm, which breeds several tons of fish every year in the Kreba pond areas.
In 1998, the western part of Mücka was added to the parish, which includes not only the Kreba-Neudorf community but also the part of Mücka east of the Schwarzen Schöps .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 529 |
| 1863 | 618 |
| 1871 | 741 |
| 1885 | 654 |
| 1905 | 684 778 |
| 1925 | 761 |
| 1939 | 1005 |
| 1946 | 945 |
| 1950 | 967 |
| 1964 | 845 |
| 1971 | 843 |
| 2002 | 737 |
| 2012 | 624 |
| italic: Kreba with cedar | |
In 1777 there were 5 possessed men , 8 gardeners and 29 cottagers in Kreba . There were also workers' apartments at the hammer mill.
The population grew in the course of the 19th century from 529 in 1825 by around a fifth to 684 in 1905. At the census in May 1939 Kreba had 1005 inhabitants due to the incorporation of Tschernske (1937: 205 inhabitants). This level could no longer be achieved in the post-war period despite brief growth, so that the number fell by around 130 from 1950 to 1971 and by a further 100 inhabitants by the turn of the millennium.
Place name
The German place name was documented in 1409 and 1415 as Crobe and in 1419, 1422 and 1429 as Kroͤbe . In 1453 one referred to the Crebischin heyden , but the name was written Crobe again when the market rights were granted in 1490 . This was followed by the development via Crebe (1511), Krobaw (1537) and Kroebaw (1658) to Creba (1768). The permanent spelling with K- did not appear until the end of the 19th or beginning of the 20th century.
The Sorbian place name is probably first handed down in writing in Christian Knauthe's church history book of the Sorbs as Krebja in 1767 . Later forms are Kŕebja (1843) and Krjebja (1885). The official form Chrjebja is more recent.
The Sorbian form of the name is probably derived from the German, which probably goes back to the Old Sorbian kroba 'box, braided wood' and referred to a fish basket or fish catch on the Schwarzen Schöps. The derivation of a personal name cannot be ruled out either.
Personalities
The pastor's son and later draftsman Heinrich Theodor Wehle (Sorbian Hendrich Božidar Wjela ; 1778–1805) grew up in Kreba . In some of his early works, he processed, among other things, impressions of the landscape from the Kreba area.
Sources and further reading
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 255 ff .
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 214-219 .
Footnotes
- ↑ Small-scale community newspaper of the community Kreba-Neudorf. (PDF) State Statistical Office of Saxony, May 9, 2011, accessed on May 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015) . S. 149 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Koschke / Steffen Menzel: Rennherd-Hammer-Hüttenwerk. History of Upper Lusatian Iron . Görlitz-Zittau 2008, p. 174-176 .
- ^ Kreba in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , page 255.
- Jump up ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 146 .
