Kosel (Niesky)

Kosel City of Niesky Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 6 ″  N , 14 ° 46 ′ 54 ″  E
Height :	156 m above sea level NN
Area :	13.79 km²
Residents :	356  (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	26 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	March 1, 1994
Postal code :	02906
Area code :	035894

Kosel ( Upper Sorbian Kózło ) is a church village in Upper Lusatia . Together with Neu-Kosel , Sandschenke and Zedlig , Kosel forms the district of the same name in the small Saxon town of Niesky ( Görlitz district ).

geography

View of Kosel (1965)

Kosel is in the form of a forest hoof village north-northwest of Niesky. Zedlig is located north of Kosel , Stannewisch to the northeast , Trebus to the east and Sandschenke to the southeast. South of Kosel lies Neu-Kosel and behind it, separated by an extensive heather area, Moholz , See and Petershain . In the west there are some ponds of Kreba-Neudorf .

East of the village, the federal highway 115 runs north-south through Stannewisch and Sandschenke to Niesky.

history

Kosel was first mentioned in a document in 1430 in a Bautzen town book. Until the division of Baruth in 1519, Kosel was subordinate to this, after which the manor in Kosel exercised the basic rule over the village. The estate of Ober Kosel and Nieder Kosel was created in the 17th century through the division of inheritance, which also divided the village into a manorial estate.

Koseler Church

A chapel, probably built in the late Middle Ages using the scrap wood construction method, was replaced by a massive church in the middle of the 16th century. The neighboring town of Stannewisch was also parish into this. There is evidence that lessons were held as early as 1700.

After the lost Napoleonic Wars , the Kingdom of Saxony, as a French ally, had to cede large parts of its land to Prussia in 1815. As a result, Upper and Lower Kosel came to the Prussian-Silesian district of Rothenburg in 1816 . In the 19th century, the situation of the residents improved a little, as they were no longer dependent only on agriculture on predominantly barren heather soils, but due to increasing industrialization and the construction of the railway lines Berlin-Görlitz and Kohlfurt-Falkenberg / Elster work outside of the Found agriculture.

Until the death of Pastor Christoph Lorenz in 1819, Sorbian was preached in Kosel , after that only German. As a result, the Sorbian population in Kosel and the parish communities Germanized in the first half of the 19th century.

In 1929 the rural communities of Ober Kosel and Nieder Kosel were merged.

After the Second World War , Kosel became part of the Niesky district in 1952 and in 1957 the Kreba district of Zedlig was reclassified to the closer community of Kosel. In 1959, an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) was founded, which later merged with LPG in See .

On March 1, 1994, the communities Kosel and Stannewisch were incorporated into Niesky.

Population development

year	Residents
1825	430
1863	566
1871	682
1885	651
1905	435
1925	603
1939	635
1946	733
1950	786
1960	704
1971	657
1990	442
1993	451
1999	472
2002	475
italics: Kosel with Zedlig

In 1777 5 possessed men , 2 gardeners and 15 cottagers were determined for Niederkosel , and 4 other farms were in desolation . Oberkosel was a bit smaller, in the same year 3 possessed men, also 2 gardeners and 5 cottagers were counted.

In both municipalities, a similar picture emerged from the first census with equal consideration of the inhabitants in 1825 to the merger of municipalities in 1929. From 1825 to the founding of the empire in 1871, the population rose sharply (from 298 to 428 in Niederkosel and from 132 to 254 in Oberkosel), after which there was a slight decrease until 1885 and a somewhat stronger one until 1905. Unlike in Oberkosel, the population in Niederkosel was 1905 less than 80 years earlier.

By 1939 the population rose again, so that the level of 1885 was almost reached again. After the Second World War, the population grew again due to refugees and displaced persons, but despite the incorporation of Zedlig, the number in 1960 was far below that of 1950. In the next three decades, the population fell from around 700 to around 450, but rose until the turn of the millennium back on slightly.

Place name

Documented forms of the place name are von der Kosela and von der Kossil as personal names in 1430 and 1463, Kossel and Koßel in 1490, Cosel (1527), Kosell (1658), Ober Kosel and Nieder Kosel (1768) and Ober Cosel and Nieder Cosel (1842).

Written traditions of the Sorbian place name are Koslow (1719 by Abraham Frencel and 1767 by Christian Knauthe ), Koslo (1800), Kózlje and Kózlow (1830), we Delnym Kosłom ("in Nieder Kosel", 1835), Kózlo (1866) and Kózło (1866). Unlike the neighboring communities of Rietschen in the north and Kreba-Neudorf in the west, Kosel does not belong to the officially established Sorbian settlement area, which means that the Sorbian name is also not officially established. As a result, the spelling is not clear, Eichler stated Kózlo in 1975 , while the homeland book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District in 2006 reproduced Kózło .

According to Eichler, the name can be traced back to the Old Sorbian word kozeł ' billy goat'. It is possible, however, that a person's name was derived from the animal name, which means that Kosel would be the place of a Kozeł .

Personalities

Michał Frencel (1628–1706) was a Sorbian writer and Bible translator. He was a pastor in Kosel from 1651 to 1662. During this time, his son Abraham Frencel (1656–1740), who also became a pastor, was born. Abraham Frencel's literary activity gives an insight into the way of life of the Sorbs and their vocabulary towards the end of the 17th century.

literature

• From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-929091-96-8 , p. 305 ff .
• Johannes Mörbe: Local chronicle of the manors Upper and Lower Kosel in the Prussian Upper Lusatia . WC Ihring, Hoyerswerda 1845.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Steffen Gerhardt: Why Niesky is losing inhabitants. In: saechsische.de , July 5, 2019, accessed on July 14, 2020.
2. ^ Richard Andree : Wendish wandering studies. Stuttgart 1874, p. 176
3. ↑ Sum of Upper and Lower Kosel
4. ↑ ^{a b} From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , page 305.
5. ↑ Kosel in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
6. ↑ Niederkosel in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
7. ↑ Oberkosel in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
8. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (=  German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume  28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 140 .

Web links

Commons : Kosel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Kosel on the website of the city of Niesky