Petershain
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Petershain
Hóznica Quitzdorf am See municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 19 ″ N , 14 ° 44 ′ 54 ″ E
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| Height : | 154 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 9.78 km² |
| Residents : | 373 (Jun 30, 2014) |
| Population density : | 38 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | October 1, 1995 |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 035893 |
Petershain , Hóznica in Upper Sorbian , is a district of the municipality of Quitzdorf am See in the Saxon district of Görlitz . In contrast to the other districts of the municipality, Petershain and its neighboring village Horscha are still within the officially established Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
geography
Petershain is located about seven kilometers west-northwest of the former district town of Niesky on the eastern edge of the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve . The Quitzdorf reservoir is located about five kilometers south of Petershain .
Surrounding villages are the Nieskyer districts of Kosel with Sandschenke in the northeast and Lake with Moholz in the southeast, the Quitzdorf districts of Sproitz in the south and Horscha in the southwest, Mücka and Neudorf in the west and Kreba in the northwest.
history
Grave fields found in the area document settlement activity in the Bronze and Iron Ages .
Lorencz de Petirshain was first mentioned in a document in 1387 in a Görlitz town register. The type of settlement as Waldhufendorf as well as the name indicate a German settlement during the second phase of the German eastern settlement .
In 1405 and 1416 Görlitz soldiers were quartered in the village. Also at the beginning of the 15th century there was a manor house in the village, which was expanded into a manor by 1578 at the latest . Towards the end of the 15th century, the village came into the possession of the Baruth rule .
14 Petershain farmers were involved in a peasant uprising in 1540. In addition to imprisonment, the death penalty was also imposed.
The church was probably built at the beginning of the 16th century. It remained a subsidiary church of Kollm until 1843 . The smaller of the two bells bears the year 1554.
On the road to Sproitz there is a stone with the year 1632, which marks the place where in the plague year 1632 a “plague altar” was used for sermons outside the church building. Through the Peace of Prague in 1635 , the Electorate of Saxony was given feudal sovereignty over the margraviate of Upper and Lower Lusatia during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) . Two years after the end of the war, a new mansion was built on the manor, today's old castle.
There is evidence that a school existed in 1740. From 1837 onwards, children from Horscha were also taught here.
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia to Prussia . The following year Petershain was assigned to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) .
At the beginning of the 20th century, a new manor in Art Nouveau style was built. During the two world wars, the two church bells could be saved from being handed over for war purposes due to their age. After the Second World War, Peter Hain was the administrative reform of 1952 the district Niesky assigned. Two years earlier, on July 1, 1950, Horscha was incorporated.
After the church was looked after by its own pastor from 1947 to 1978, since then, as from 1933 to 1947, it has been cared for by the pastor from See .
On March 1, 1994, the communities of Kollm and Sproitz merged to form the community of Quitzdorf am See . She joined Petershain on October 1, 1995.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 309 |
| 1863 | 558 |
| 1871 | 603 |
| 1885 | 556 |
| 1905 | 534 |
| 1925 | 536 |
| 1939 | 527 |
| 1946 | 650 |
| 1950 | 841 |
| 1964 | 896 |
| 1971 | 937 |
| 1988 | 611 |
| 1990 | 566 |
| 1994 | 531 |
| 1999 | 437 |
| 2002 | 439 |
| 2014 | 373 |
| italics: Petershain with Horscha | |
During the state examination in 1777, 7 possessed men , 16 gardeners and 15 cottagers were reported for Petershain .
In the 19th century the population doubled from 309 in 1825 to 603 in 1871. The population was originally Sorbian . In 1863 64% of the population were Sorbs, around 1880 the Sorbian scientist Arnošt Muka determined almost as many Sorbs, but their share was only 60% of the population. After the establishment of the Reich, the number of inhabitants fell to 534 by 1905. While it was almost unchanged at 536 in 1925, a slight decrease to 527 was recorded by 1939.
After the end of the war, the number of refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern territories rose to 650 in 1946. Even after the incorporation of Horscha, a further increase was recorded, which was rather untypical for non-urban communities in this region. From 841 inhabitants in 1950 the number rose to 937 by 1971, after which an above-average population decline began, so that in 1990 577 inhabitants were officially registered. By the turn of the millennium, the number (in relation to Petershain without Horscha) had hardly changed and in 2002 was 439.
Place name
Documented spelling of the place name includes Petershayn (around 1390), Petershein (1408), Petirshain (1416), Petershain (1490) and Petersshain (1542).
The name component -hain as a short form of -hagen is one of the typical basic words for place names in cleared areas, Petershain is accordingly the clearing settlement of a Peter.
The Sorbian name has already been handed down in writing in good time with regard to the places in the old district of Niesky . Z Hóznicze is mentioned in a church book from Radibor in 1684 , and almost a century later Christian Knauthe wrote the name Hosniza in 1767 . Other forms are Hósniza and Hósenzy (1835) and Hóznica (1866 near Pfuhl , 1885). The name is based on the Old Sorbian word Gvozďnica for the basic word gozď, gvozď 'forest', Lower Sorbian gózd 'dry forest'.
traffic
Close to the railway crossing the village road on the węgliniec-roßlau railway there is a breakpoint in the rail transport 64 every two hours from the line Hoyerswerda Niesky-Görlitz OE (Lakeland-Neisseblick shuttle) is operated.
Petershain is in the area of the Upper Lusatia-Lower Silesia Transport Association . There are no regular bus connections to the neighboring towns.
Sources and further reading
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 290 f .
- Johannes Mörbe: local chronicle of Petershain in the Rothenburg district . Gocksch & Hentschel, Rothenburg O./L. 1844. ( digitized version )
Footnotes
- ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015) . S. 149 .
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1995
- ↑ a b Petershain in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b c From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , p. 290.
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved May 17, 2009 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 120 .
- Jump up ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 224 f .
- ↑ ZVON route network map 2015. (PDF (approx. 1.6 MB)) Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien , December 2014, archived from the original on March 18, 2015 ; accessed on November 14, 2015 .
