Sproitz
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Sproitz
Quitzdorf am See municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 20 " N , 14 ° 44 ′ 50" E
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| Height : | 161 m |
| Area : | 6.92 km² |
| Residents : | 406 (Jun 30, 2014) |
| Population density : | 59 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 03588 |
Sproitz ( Upper Sorbian Sprjojcy ) is a district of the municipality of Quitzdorf am See in the Saxon district of Görlitz .
geography
The extended street village is north of the Quitzdorf reservoir on the Schwarzen Schöps , about seven kilometers west of the former district town of Niesky . Located northwest of the village is the almost to United Särchen reaching Biosphere Reserve Oberlausitzer heath and pond region .
Surrounding villages are Petershain in the north, the Kirchdorf See in the northeast and the town of Niesky in the east, Jänkendorf in the southeast and Diehsa in the south on the other bank of the reservoir, Kollm and Steinölsa in the southwest and Horscha in the northwest.
history
Traces of prehistoric settlement are reflected in archaeological finds from the Middle and Neolithic as well as the early Iron Age .
Sprewicz was first mentioned in a document in 1399 in a Görlitz council bill, when Görlitz riders and riflemen provided support against robber barons.
On the road to Petershain there is a stone that in the plague year 1632 served as a "plague altar" for sermons outside the church building. Through the Peace of Prague of 1635 , the Electorate of Saxony was given feudal sovereignty over the entire Lusatia during the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) .
The Sproitz manor was owned by the von Belwitz family until 1646 , after which there were frequent changes of ownership. A little later, in 1668, a watermill was first mentioned in a document.
After 180 years of belonging to Saxony, Sproitz was in 1815 in the part of Upper Lusatia that the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede to the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna . In the following year, the community was incorporated into the new district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) . Almost 40 years later, the village belonging to the See parish received its own school in 1854. Stone, clay and sand have been mined around Sproitz since 1884. The raw material for the production of paving stones and gravel came from the Sproitz basalt quarries. After a landslide that buried conveyor facilities and workers, mining in a quarry between Sproitz and See had to be stopped in 1939.
The course of the river Schwarzen Schöps was straightened in 1930 and a dike was built. This was to prevent damage from flooding and flooding.
In May 1945 the manor house and farm buildings burned down. Over 220 fallen German soldiers were buried in two mass graves. Through the administrative reform of 1952 , the municipality was assigned to the Niesky district .
The flour mill was converted from hydropower to electrical operation in 1965. 1973 Steinölsa was incorporated into Sproitz. The local school closed in 1980. A tourist station was located in their building until 1990. On March 1, 1994, the communities of Kollm and Sproitz merged to form Quitzdorf am See .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 257 |
| 1863 | 331 |
| 1871 | 384 |
| 1885 | 362 |
| 1905 | 467 |
| 1925 | 478 |
| 1939 | 483 |
| 1946 | 441 |
| 1950 | 519 |
| 1964 | 542 |
| 1971 | 543 |
| 1988 | 721 |
| 1990 | 742 |
| 1994 | 689 |
| 1999 | 464 |
| 2002 | 435 |
| italics: Sproitz with Steinölsa | |
At the state examination in 1777, 9 possessed men , 5 gardeners and 13 cottagers were reported for Sproitz .
Between 1825 and 1939 the population almost doubled from 257 to 483. A year after the end of the Second World War, a decline was recorded, but the population grew again until 1971. Due to the incorporation of Steinölsas in 1973, the community had a population increase, but the number fell in the early years after the reunification. At the turn of the millennium, the population had fallen back to the level it had about 100 years earlier.
In the 19th century, Sproitz was still on the edge of the Sorbian settlement area . In 1863 there were 21 Sorbs (6% of the local population), around 1880 the Sorbian scientist Arnošt Muka determined 30 Sorbs (7%).
Place name
The place name is derived from the Schwarzen Schöps , which, like its largest tributary, the Weißen Schöps , was also referred to as the Spree in the Middle Ages and early modern times . Sproitz thus shares a name-historical development with the Spree on the Weißen Schöps, Sprey at the mouth of the Schwarzen Schöps and Spreewitz at the mouth of the Kleiner Spree .
Documented forms are Sprewicz (1399), Spreew e cz (1408), Sprehicz (1446), Spreicz (1449), Sprawitz (1533), Sproytz (1658), Sprowitz (1659) and Sproitz (1791).
Written forms of the Sorbian place name are Sproiza (1800), Sprowisa (1835), Sprojcy (1843), Sproitza (1831) and Sprójcy (1885). The form Spr j ojcy seems to be more recent and resembles the Sorbian names of Spreewitz (Sprjejcy) and Sprey (Sprjowje) and Spree (Sprjewje) . The use of the Sorbian name is no longer in use today.
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 289 f .
Web links
Footnotes
- ^ Pastor Senf, bronze needles with a conspicuous point, etc. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 32, 1900, 387f
- ^ A b Digital Historical Directory of Saxony. Retrieved May 17, 2009 .
- ↑ a b From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , page 289.
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved May 17, 2009 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 121 .
- Jump up ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 300 f .