Horscha
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Horscha
Hóršow Quitzdorf am See municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 15 ″ N , 14 ° 43 ′ 45 ″ E
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| Area : | 4.09 km² |
| Residents : | 106 (Jun 30, 2014) |
| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Incorporated into: | Petershain |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 035893 |
Horscha (1936–1947 Zischelmühle ), Upper Sorbian Hóršow , is a district of the municipality of Quitzdorf am See in the Saxon district of Görlitz . It belongs to Upper Lusatia and is located on the eastern edge of the official Sorbian settlement area in Saxony.
geography
Horscha is located in the form of a street village about midway between Mücka and See on the right bank of the Schwarzen Schöps and on the eastern edge of the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve .
Surrounding villages are Mücka in the northwest, Petershain in the northeast, See in the east, Sproitz in the south and a little further away from the southwest to the west Steinölsa , Leipgen , Förstgen-Ost and Förstgen .
history
Archaeological finds in the area from the early Iron Age suggest a prehistoric settlement. Graptolites from the Silurian found in the silica slate of the quarry in 1956 are among the oldest fossils in Upper Lusatia .
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1451 in a Görlitz town book in connection with a Christopff Belwitz zu Hursche . The village was under the manorial estate of Sproitz . In 1663 it reverted to the Saxon Elector , who had been the supreme liege lord of Lusatia since the Peace of Prague in 1635 . It was lent anew by him.
A baroque style mansion was built on the Horscha manor in the first half of the 18th century. Some rare species of trees have been planted in the park.
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia to the Kingdom of Prussia . The following year Horscha was assigned to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) . This in turn was part of the province of Silesia .
The school was attended until 1837 and the church in Kollm until 1876 , after which Horscha belonged to the nearby school association or parish Petershain .
As in Sproitz and See , there was a quarry in Horscha from the end of the 19th century. The quartzite mined there was used to manufacture firebricks .
In the course of the Germanization of Slavic place names during the time of National Socialism , Horscha was renamed Zischelmühle in 1936. The manor was destroyed in April 1945 by the effects of the war. After the Second World War , Horscha formally got its old name back in 1947 and was incorporated into Petershain on July 1, 1950. Due to the administrative reform of 1952 , the community came to the Niesky district .
The volunteer fire brigade , which emerged in 1938 from the syringe association founded in 1912, existed until 1992.
When the municipality of Petershain joined the municipality of Quitzdorf am See on October 1, 1995, Horscha became a part of the municipality.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 124 |
| 1863 | 124 |
| 1871 | 132 |
| 1885 | 147 |
| 1905 | 131 |
| 1925 | 152 |
| 1939 | 141 |
| 1946 | 181 |
| 1999 | 143 |
| 2002 | 123 |
At the state examination in 1777, 11 gardeners and 8 cottagers were registered for Horscha .
In the last 200 years the population was essentially between 120 and 190 inhabitants. It rose in stages from 124 in 1825 to 152 in 1925, with several short-term decreases. After the Second World War, the number of refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern territories rose to 181 in October 1946. With 123 inhabitants in 2002, the number of inhabitants was back at the level of 1825.
In the 19th century, Sorbs formed a large proportion of the population. In 1863, 66 of the 124 inhabitants were Sorbs (53%), around 1880 the Sorbian scientist Arnošt Muka found 140 Sorbs among the 150 inhabitants (93%).
Place name
Documented spellings of the place name include (zu) Hursche (1451), Horysschaw (1483), Horischaw (1527), Horschau (1533), Hersche (1551), (zum) Hortzschenn (1565), Horscha (1768) and Hörsche (1777).
Written forms of the Sorbian name are Horschow (1831), Horšow (1843) and Hóršow (1885).
According to Ernst Eichler , the name goes back to the Old Sorbian word Horišov as a short form of the first name Gorěsłav or Gorisłav , which in turn can be translated as 'burn, angry'. According to Eichler, Horscha is the place of a Horiš . According to another opinion, Hóršow describes the location on or on the hill.
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 290 .
Footnotes
- ↑ a b Horscha in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b c From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , page 290.
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 116 .
- ↑ Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 107 .