Förstgen (Mücka)
|
Förstgen
Dołha Boršć community Mücka
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 39 ′ 30 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 143 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.63 km² |
| Residents : | 253 (Jun 30, 2014) |
| Population density : | 55 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 035893 |
Förstgen , Dołha Boršć in Upper Sorbian , is a church village in the Görlitz district in Upper Lusatia in Saxony . Förstgen has been part of the Mücka community since 1994 . It is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Saxony.
geography
Förstgen is located in the south-eastern part of the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve on the Weigersdorfer Fließ . To the north-west of the village is the Tauerwiesenteich , while the Hohe Dubrau can be seen to the south-east . The Hoyerswerda – Görlitz railway line runs a few kilometers north of the village, and the nearest stations are in Klitten and Mücka .
The district Förstgen-Ost joins in the southeast . Surrounding villages are Mücka in the northeast, Steinölsa in the southeast, Weigersdorf in the south, Dauban in the southwest and Tauer and Zimpel in the northwest.
history
Several Bronze Age finds in and near Förstgen attest to early historical settlement activity. The place was first mentioned in a document in 1404 with the mention of a Hans vom Forstichen .
The landlord was exercised by the owners of the Nieder-Oelsa manor . In 1806 Förstgen became an independent manor when the owner, Count zur Lippe, sold it to Gottfried Ernst von Boehmer (1762–1827). Von Böhmer was a lease collector and notary in Reichswalde, and in 1822 he auctioned the property back to Count zur Lippe. From 1937 until the expropriation in 1945, the Förstgen manor was owned by Paul Klauß-Fünfstück. Today it is owned by the community and is rented out for residential purposes.
Originally the village was parish after Baruth . It was not until the 16th century that it received its own church, which, however, continued to be a branch of the parish church in Baruth. Tauer , Leipgen , Ober- and Nieder-Oelsa and Dauban are parishes in these .
On April 1, 1938, the neighboring towns of Leipgen and Oelsa (1936–1947 Kreuzschenke , later also referred to as Förstgen-Ost) were incorporated.
In the last weeks of the Second World War the church was badly damaged. The renewal lasted until 1955.
As part of the Saxon municipal area reforms, the municipality of Förstgen was incorporated into Mücka in 1994, which has since consisted of the districts of Förstgen, Förstgen-Ost, Leipgen and Mücka.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 221 |
| 1871 | 411 |
| 1885 | 351 |
| 1905 | 349 |
| 1925 | 373 |
| 1939 | 662 |
| 1946 | 850 |
| 1950 | 832 |
| 1964 | 741 |
| 1971 | 730 |
| 1990 | 533 |
| 1993 | 498 |
| 2008 | 276 |
| italics: community with districts | |
| year | Peasant ( possessed man ) |
gardener | Cottager | all in all |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1600 | 14th | 6th | 9 | 29 |
| 1657 | 9 | 6th | 9 | 24 |
| 1733 | 10 | 3 | 10 | 23 |
| 1777 | 11 | 5 | 14th | 30th |
| 1813 | 10 | 6th | 6th | 22nd |
In the year 1600 14 possessed men , 6 gardeners and 9 cottagers were farming in Förstgen . About a decade after the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), only 9 farmers lived in Förstgen, the number of gardeners and cottagers remained unchanged. By 1733 the number of gardeners fell by three, while the number of farmers and cottagers increased by one each.
During the state examination in 1777, 11 possessed men, 5 gardeners and 14 cottagers were transmitted for Förstgen. The number of farms increased by 7 to 30 compared to 1733, but fell to 22 by the end of the wars of liberation , so that in 1813 there were still 10 possessed men, 6 gardeners and 6 cottagers living in Förstgen.
In the Prussian census in 1825, the first in which every person was counted equally regardless of their circumstances, 221 inhabitants were determined in Förstgen. Until the founding of the empire in 1871, the population increased by 86% to 411, but fell again in the following years, so that in 1905 there were still 349 inhabitants. By 1925 the number rose again to 373, so that in a 100-year comparison a growth of around two thirds was recorded.
Due to the incorporation of Leipgen and Oelsa, the population of the municipality of Förstgen was 662 in 1939. After the end of the Second World War , the number rose to 850 in October 1946 and in 1950 there were still 832 inhabitants. In the following two decades the number fell slightly, so that in 1971 the community still had 730 inhabitants. In the two decades that followed, the number continued to decline, albeit more rapidly, so that in 1993 there were only 498 inhabitants in the municipality of Förstgen.
As of December 31, 2008, 276 people had their main residence in Förstgen.
language
The population of Förstgen was originally Sorbian-speaking . For his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 363 in the 1880s, including 302 Sorbs (83%) and 61 Germans. The language change to German mostly took place until the middle of the 20th century. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 15.5% in the municipality of Förstgen.
Place name
The place name developed from Forstichein (1419) via Vorstichen (1452), Forstchin (1461) to Forstichen (1490). In 1506 the place was officially named Aldennforst and as early as 1528 the current form Förstgen appeared. In 1658, Förstchen was again named a form with -ch- instead of -g-, but this form of the place name could not prevail.
Documented forms of the Sorbian place name are Borschż (1767 near Knauthe ), Borschz (1835) and 1843 Dołha Boršć . The prefix is used to better distinguish other places called Förstchen or Förstgen in the vicinity, for example Salzenforst (Słona Boršć) , Oberförstchen (Hornja Boršć) , Kleinförstchen (Mała Boršć) , Kronförstchen (Křiwa Boršć) and Sandförstgen (Borštka) . In Boršč is probably a Sorabisierung the German forest .
Personalities
The pastor's son and later draftsman Heinrich Theodor Wehle (Sorbian Hendrich Božidar Wjela ; 1778–1805) was born in Förstgen . At the age of four, his family moved to the neighboring parish of Kreba . In some of his early works, he processed impressions of the landscape from the area around Förstgen and Kreba.
Karl August Raede ( Korla Awgust Rjeda ; 1820–1898) was pastor in Muskau from 1860 to 1892 and repeatedly spoke out against Prussian attempts to suppress the Sorbian language in schools.
Friedrich August Bergan ( Bjedrich August Bergan ; 1824–1901) worked from 1852 to 1898 as a pastor in Groß Särchen . He completed his theology studies in Breslau.
Johann Bernhard Krauschwitz ( Jan Bjarnat Krušwica , 1845-1919) worked as a pastor in Werben in the Spreewald. Since 1878 he has been committed to maintaining the Lower Sorbian language and Sorbian culture in Lower Lusatia.
literature
- Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscape. A regional survey in the Lohsa, Klitten, Großdubrau and Baruth area . In: Values of the German homeland . tape 67 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-08903-6 , p. 192 f .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ See Steffen Menzel: New Findings on First Mention of Upper Lusatian Locations, in: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015), pp. 145–152, here p. 148.
- ↑ request of Gottfried Ernst Böhmer to control separation of the goods Förstgen of Niederoelsa and recognition of the good Försten as diet capable manor , Saxon State Archives, 50001 Estates of the Oberlausitz, no. 333
- ↑ Katja Kretzschmar: Mücka: Rittergut Förstgen , in: Sachsens Schösser, accessed March 28, 2017
- ^ Förstgen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Values of the German Homeland, Volume 67, Pages 391–398.
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved April 23, 2009 .
- ↑ Details of the registration office of the Diehsa administrative association
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 254 .
- ↑ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy: studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 72 .