Hammerstadt (Rietschen)
|
Hamoršć hammer town Community Rietschen
Coordinates: 51 ° 23 ′ 50 ″ N , 14 ° 45 ′ 10 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 140 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 12 km² |
| Residents : | 92 (Dec 31, 2009) |
| Population density : | 8 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Incorporated into: | Four oaks |
| Postal code : | 02956 |
| Area code : | 035772 |
Hammerstadt , Hamoršć in Upper Sorbian , is a district of the Saxon municipality of Rietschen in the district of Görlitz . The estate is located in the Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
The municipality of Hammerstadt was incorporated into Viereichen on January 1, 1973, and in 1992 it was incorporated into the municipality of Rietschen. Along with Nappatsch (today Altliebel ) and Neuliebel, Hammerstadt is one of the few places in the municipality of Viereichen that has not been devastated for lignite mining in the Reichwalde opencast mine . The suburbs settlement Linda (Sorb. Podlipa ), which formerly belonged to Hammerstadt , was also demolished in 1992.
geography
Hammerstadt is located on the southern (left) side of the Weißen Schöps two kilometers west of Rietschen in a heather and pond landscape. To the west of the village is the Reichwalde opencast mine and to the north is the Oberlausitz military training area . The border with Poland runs 15 km to the east. The Berlin – Görlitz railway line and the 115 federal road run through Rietschen in a north-south direction .
Adjacent places are Werda and Rietschen in the east, Nieder Prauske in the southeast, and Neuliebel and Altliebel in the southwest. To the west of Hammerstadt were the meanwhile devastated places Mocholz and Viereichen .
history
Local history
In the area around Hammerstadt there were several archaeological finds, some of which can probably be attributed to the Neolithic and some to the Bronze Age .
The first documentary mention took place in 1403 as Hammerstad in a Görlitz council bill. At that time, the place already belonged to the Rietschen rule, the name suggests an iron hammer in which the locally available lawn iron ore deposits were processed. In 1482 Mathes Aldemann is proven to be a hammer master. In 1630 Heinrich von Rabenau sold the construction site of a hammer together with the hammer pond to Siegmund von Gersdorff . The last location of the hammer mill was, with a high degree of certainty, on the grounds of the Graflich von Einsiedel cardboard factory. At least slag was found there, but it could also have come from road construction.
By the early 17th century at the latest, there was a manor in the village , which formed its own manor . In addition to the hammer mill, agriculture and forestry, fish farming and a water mill were sources of income. A major fire in 1784 destroyed almost the entire village. Nine economies fell victim to him.
In the course of the Peace of Prague , Hammerstadt with Upper and Lower Lusatia came from the Kingdom of Bohemia to the Electorate of Saxony in 1635 . Saxony , which was elevated to a kingdom in 1806, had to accept large territorial assignments to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna , so that Hammerstadt also became Prussian for the next 130 years from 1815. As part of an administrative reform, Hammerstadt came to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) In the Prussian province of Silesia in 1816 .
When the Sorbian-language services in Daubitz were stopped in 1858 , the western villages of the parish , which were still predominantly Sorbian, moved to the parish of Reichwalde to the west . Hammerstadt and Neuliebel were the westernmost places that remained with the Daubitz parish.
The building of the school, which had been in existence since 1780 and to which Werda and Neuliebel also belonged, burned down in 1858. A new building was erected in 1913. From 1935 to 1953 there was a further education school in Hammerstadt.
A leather cardboard factory was set up on the mill property in 1901 , but it was closed again in 1937. The ponds used for fish farming were drained in 1935 and converted into fields.
After the Second World War Hammer City in 1945 came to the west of the Neisse lying part of the Prussian Oberlausitz back to the land of Saxony and was in the administrative reform of 1952 the county White water in district Cottbus assigned.
In church, Hammerstadt changed from Daubitzer to Rietschner parish in 1956.
On January 1, 1973, the municipality of Hammerstadt lost its independence when it was incorporated into Viereichen. Hammerstadt came to the municipality of Rietschen with Viereichen on March 15, 1992. Hammerstadt's devastation for the Reichwalde opencast mine could be prevented in the early 1990s, but large parts of the former municipality of Viereichen were affected, including the former Hammerstädter Vorwerk Linda .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 173 |
| 1871 | 183 |
| 1885 | 224 |
| 1905 | 185 |
| 1925 | 187 |
| 1939 | 180 |
| 1946 | 210 |
| 1950 | 206 |
| 1964 | 184 |
| 1971 | 166 |
| 1999 | 101 |
| 2002 | 96 |
| 2009 | 92 |
For the Saxon state recession in 1777, 1 possessed man , 3 gardeners and 21 cottagers were determined in Hammerstadt .
The population rose from 173 by almost 30% to 224 between 1825 and 1885, but then fell back to 180 by 1939. After the end of the war, the number rose again to 210 in 1946 due to the admission of refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern territories, but in 1964 it was again at 184 and seven years later only at 166.
At the turn of the millennium, Hammerstadt still had around 100 inhabitants; on December 31, 2009, the number was 92.
Place name
The place name has only changed slightly since it was first mentioned. Variants of the place name mentioned in a document include Hammerstad (1403), Hammerstatt (1423), Hammerstat (1448), Hamerstat and Hamerstad (1463), Hammerstat (1533) and finally Hammerstadt (1768). The name refers to a 'site for iron hammer' .
Spellings of the Sorbian place name include Hamorschcza (1800 and 1835), Hamoršć (1843 and 1885) and Hamorišća (1866). The name is a translation from German, in which the basic word -stat was replaced by the suffixation with -šć- . Hamor for '(iron) hammer' can also be found in the Sorbian names of Boxberg (Hamor) , Burghammer (Bórkhamor) and Neuhammer (Nowy Hamor) .
Personalities
The Protestant theologian Karl David Schuchardt (1717–1781) was born in Linda.
Attractions
There is a late medieval stone cross in Hammerstadt .
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 248 f .
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 230 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Wenzel : Oberlausitzer Ortnamesbuch. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 2008
- ^ Walter Frenzel : Prehistory finds of the Rothenburg district together with an introduction to the prehistory of Upper Lusatia . In: Oberlausitzer Heimatstudien . Booklet 8. Müller, Bautzen 1926, p. 37 .
- ↑ a b c Wolfgang Koschke & Steffen Menzel: Rennherd, Hammer, Hüttenwerk: the history of Upper Lusatian iron. Gunter Oettel, Görlitz 2008. ISBN 978-3-938583-21-0 . Page 165.
- ^ Hammerstadt in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . P. 248
- ↑ Information from the Rietschen residents' registration office
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 97 .
- ↑ Suehnekreuz.de: Hammer city. Retrieved December 12, 2010 .
Web links
Old love (Stary Lubolń) | Daubitz (Dubc) | Hammerstadt (Hamoršć) | Neuliebel (Nowy Lubolń) | Rietschen (Rěčicy) with Neuhammer (Nowy Hamor) , Nieder Prauske (Delnje Brusy) , Werda | Teicha (Hatk)