Four oaks
Viereichen , in Upper Sorbian Štyri Duby , is a desert in Upper Lusatia ( Saxony ) in the municipality of Rietschens . Until 1992 the place was the seat of the municipality of the same name, which also included the parts of the municipality Altliebel , Hammerstadt , Mocholz and Neuliebel . The Zweibrücken group of houses was in the hallway of Viereichens .
Between 1993 and 1995 Mochholz, Viereichen and part of Altliebels were demolished for the Reichwalde opencast mine . Only after the site had been devastated was the decision to stop the Reichwalde open-cast mine due to the expected poor profitability . For more than a decade in the deserted landscape only the meeting streets, the eponymous four village oaks and lilac hedges , where land used to be, reminded of the place.
geography
Viereichen was located on the southern edge of the Muskauer fold between the towns of Weißwasser (in the north) and Niesky (in the south) on the Weißen Schöps . To the west of the community are the industrial settlement Boxberg and the Kirchdorf Reichwalde , to the east the industrial settlement Rietschen and the Kirchdorf Daubitz .
history
The village of Viereichen, mentioned in 1399 as Vireichin , had the shape of a round hamlet with a block and striped corridor . The place name is due to a settlement near four oaks. The Sorbian place name is a direct translation of the German.
The Viereichener Heide, where, among other things, pitch was burned, was the subject of a dispute over its affiliation in 1463. Wenzel von Biberstein, who acquired the Muskau rule from Nickel von Gersdorff around 1447, assumed that the rule in the south extended to the Viereichener Heide, which Nickel von Gersdorff successfully denied. As a result, there were purchases, so that Viereichen belonged entirely to the Muskau rule by 1494 at the latest. With an area of around 150 hectares, Viereichen was one of the lordship's smaller villages.
In the period that followed, Viereichen would repeatedly become an object of contention for the rule. After Sigmund von Biberstein, who had owned the rulership since 1519, had the ruler's fourth iron hammer built in Viereichen (the other iron hammers were in Boxberg , Buchwalde and Keula ) and had fish ponds built, which were fed from the Weißen Schöps, a dispute broke out in 1526 the Görlitzer council and him, who degenerated into destruction on the part of the Görlitzer. From the arbitration attempts between Sigmund and the other parties to the dispute on the part of King Ferdinand I , the former emerged as the winner. The hammer was rebuilt and expanded between 1535 and 1537 and was to last into the Thirty Years War .
In the years 1769/1770 several schools were founded in the class, including in Mocholz. In addition to Viereichen, the school community also included Altliebel, Publik, Nappatsch and Zweibrücken, a later district of Viereichens.
As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Saxony had to cede the eastern part of Upper Lusatia to Prussia. As a result, Viereichen was assigned to the district of Rothenburg . In 1858 Viereichen was repared from Daubitz to Reichwalde , as there was no Sorbian church service in Daubitz. In Reichwalde this always took place after the German one.
On April 1, 1938, Mocholz was incorporated into Viereichen.
After the rulership of Muskau was dissolved after the Second World War and the previous district structure was reorganized in 1952, Viereichen belonged to the Weisswasser district from then on. On January 1, 1973, the communities Altliebel and Hammerstadt were incorporated. The municipality of Wunscha , whose gradual demolition began in 1984 in the Schadendorf district with the Reichwalde opencast mine , was formally incorporated into the municipality in 1986.
After German reunification it was possible to prevent the entire municipality of Viereichen from having to give way to the opencast mine, but the village of Viereichen was one of the districts that were still intended to be demolished.
On March 15, 1992, the communities Daubitz, Rietschen, Teicha and Viereichen merged to form the community Rietschen. As a result of the demolition in 1995, some of the residents moved within the municipality of Rietschen.
After the reopening of the Reichwalde opencast mine, it advanced so far by December 2011 that the landmark of the place, the four oaks, were felled.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 86 |
| 1825 | 105 |
| 1871 | 122 |
| 1885 | 105 |
| 1905 | 110 |
| 1910 | 106 |
| 1925 | 108 |
| 1939 | 214 |
| 1946 | 243 |
| 1950 | 194 |
| 1990 | 332 |
| 1991 | 294 |
For the year 1552 in a be Urbarium the Muskau 20 digits, called the five Halbhüfnern , five gardeners and ten cottagers were managed. The Thirty Years War (1618–1648) had a devastating effect. While there were still 14 farms in 1630, in 1647 there were only nine farms left with five half-bakers, a gardener and three cottagers, five more were in desolation. In the period that followed, population growth was slow, with 11 economies in 1699, 13 in 1777 and 14 in 1782.
In the 1880s, Muka found a Sorbian population of 96% in Viereichen (with Zweibrücken) and 95% in Mocholz. In addition to the 253 Sorbs, only 12 Germans lived in the two places.
The First World War did not have a major impact on the population of Viereichens. With the incorporation of Mocholz, however, the number more than doubled. Whereas in 1910 Mocholz had 103 inhabitants only three more than Viereichen, in 1925 the Mocholzian population of 126 was 17 percent higher than that of Viiche with 108 inhabitants.
After the community reached a peak with 243 inhabitants immediately after the Second World War, this number fell by about a fifth to 194 within four years. The further incorporations were helpful for a renewed increase in the number of inhabitants, but the approaching opencast mine had a negative effect. Between October 3, 1990 and December 31, 1991 alone, the population fell by 11 percent.
See also
Sources and further reading
literature
- Hermann Graf von Arnim, Willi A. Boelcke: Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . 2nd Edition. Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M, Berlin, Vienna October 1978.
Footnotes
- ↑ a b v. Arnim; Boelcke: Muskau . Page 605
- ^ Viereichen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
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↑ Population figures for the years 1939–1972: Viereichen and Mocholz
Population figures for the years 1972–1992: Municipality of Viereichen with all districts - ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved April 21, 2008 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ' N , 14 ° 44' E