Neuhammer (Rietschen)
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Neuhammer
Nowy Hamor Community Rietschen
Coordinates: 51 ° 23 ′ 50 ″ N , 14 ° 48 ′ 15 ″ E
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| Height : | 146 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 201 (December 31, 2009) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Postal code : | 02956 |
| Area code : | 035772 |
Neuhammer , Nowy Hamor in Upper Sorbian , is a village in the Saxon municipality of Rietschen in the district of Görlitz with around 200 inhabitants. The Gassendorf is located in the Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
geography
Neuhammer is almost in the middle between Rietschen and Daubitz on Rothenburger Straße ( Kreisstraße 8413 ). Teicha is one and a half kilometers south-southeast of Neuhammer . From there the Neugraben flows towards Neuhammer and flows north of the village into the Weißen Schöps coming from Daubitz and continuing to the east-northeast . The Steinbachgraben, which branches off to the right from the Neugraben shortly before Neuhammer, takes a shorter route to Rietschen, where it joins the Weißen Schöps. About two kilometers north of Neuhammer is the Daubitz scattered settlement Heidehäuser on the southern edge of the Oberlausitz military training area .
history
Local history
At the turn of the 14th to the 15th century , Mr. von Rackel , who was seated on the Daubitz manor , had a hammer mill built west of the manor only about a kilometer away, from which the town of Neuhammer emerged. After the town of “ Hammerstad ”, which is just under four kilometers to the west and belongs to the Rietschen estate , was mentioned in a Görlitz town book in 1403, Neuhammer was first mentioned in the town book on July 10, 1447 in connection with “George hammermeister in the nuwen smedewergke by dem Dupczk ”. The eponymous iron hammer was converted into a mill and sawmill in 1651, and in 1868 they ceased operations.
From the beginning, Neuhammer was parish in Daubitz. Since a school was set up in Daubitz during or shortly after the Reformation, the place has also been a school location for Neuhammer. The manorial connection with Daubitz existed until the second half of the 19th century, the ecclesiastical one survived to the present day despite two parishes of the parish.
In the course of the Peace of Prague , Neuhammer came with Upper and Lower Lusatia in 1635 from the Kingdom of Bohemia to the Electorate of Saxony . Saxony , which was elevated to a kingdom in 1806, had to accept large cedings of territory to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna , so that Neuhammer also became Prussian from 1815 for the next 130 years. As part of an administrative reform the church in 1816 came to the newly founded (louse. Ob.) District Rothenburg in the Prussian province of Silesia , the first district was Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Roeder , owner of the manors Daubitz and Teicha and the Barbican Neuhammer.
The loam and clay deposits south of Neuhammer were used by a brickworks until 1905, from which the Teicha mining company emerged in 1907 and the Rietschen fireclay factory, which existed until 1991, in 1909 .
Neuhammer was electrified in 1920 and in the thirties a new settlement was built west of the village on Haberteichweg.
After the Second World War , Neuhammer came back to the state of Saxony in 1945 with the part of Prussian Upper Lusatia lying west of the Lusatian Neisse . On July 1, 1950, the community of Neuhammer was incorporated into Rietschen.
In the course of the expansion of the municipality of Rietschen in 1992, the previously existing Rietschen districts of Rietschen, Neuhammer, Nieder Prauske and Werda were merged into one district of Rietschen.
In 2015, the district of Görlitz, as the maintainer of the district road running through Neuhammer, had the bridge over the Steinbachgraben replaced by a new building.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 126 |
| 1863 | 163 |
| 1871 | 154 |
| 1885 | 194 |
| 1905 | 213 |
| 1925 | 254 |
| 1939 | 337 |
| 1946 | 376 |
| 1999 | 227 |
| 2002 | 220 |
| 2009 | 201 |
For the Saxon recess in 1777, seven were in Neuhammer gardeners and 14 cottagers determined.
From the first population census in 1825, the population doubled from 126 to 254 in 1925. After the Second World War, the population of Neuhammer grew to almost 400, among other things due to the reception of refugees, and Neuhammer's population fell again during the GDR era, so that at the turn of the millennium there were still around 225 Residents lived in the place.
By the end of the 19th century, Neuhammer was almost entirely German and was on the fringes of the Sorbian language area. When Arnošt Muka visited the villages of Upper Lusatia in the early 1880s to compile statistics on the Sorbian population, he counted only 14 Sorbs in the three neighboring towns of Rietschen, Teicha and Neuhammer, who made up 1.3% of the population of the 1047 inhabitants .
Place name
The place name can be traced back directly to the iron hammer. After George hammermeister was mentioned in nuwen smedewergke in 1447 , 10 years later the Newenhammer under Rackel was occasionally used, a name that was very similar to today's place name. Other forms of the name included Nawenhammer , Newen Hammer (both 1486), Newnhammer (1499), Newhammer beym Dauptzigk (1533) and Neuhammer in 1786 at the latest .
The Sorbian name Nowy Hamor is a translation of the German name, the names Nowy Hammer (1800) and Nowe Hammory (1848) can also be found in older publications . Hamor for '(iron) hammer' can also be found in the Sorbian names of Boxberg (Hamor) , Burghammer (Bórkhamor) and Hammerstadt (Hamoršć) .
Sources and further reading
literature
- Irmgard Marko: Neuhammer . In: From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 246 .
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 226 .
- Jan Bergmann, Erich Schulze : Neuhammer. A small village in six centuries . Daubitz 2014.
Footnotes
- ↑ Richard Jecht (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris IV comprising the Upper Lusatian documents from 1437-1457 . Self-published by the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences , Görlitz, p. 474 f . ( Digitized - 1911-1927).
- ↑ Saxony regional register. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , accessed on March 24, 2013 .
- ^ Symbolic groundbreaking ceremony for the start of construction on the bridge in Neuhammer. In: Rietschen-online.de. May 6, 2015, archived from the original on March 25, 2017 ; accessed on March 22, 2017 .
- ^ Neuhammer in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . P. 246
- ↑ Information from the Rietschen residents' registration office as of December 31, 2009
- ^ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian rural population (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 120 f .
- ↑ a b Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz - Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 203 .
Web links
Old love (Stary Lubolń) | Daubitz (Dubc) | Hammerstadt (Hamoršć) | Neuliebel (Nowy Lubolń) | Rietschen (Rěčicy) with Neuhammer (Nowy Hamor) , Nieder Prauske (Delnje Brusy) , Werda | Teicha (Hatk)