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Municipality Boxberg / OL
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 0 "  N , 14 ° 35 ′ 30"  E
Height : 132 m above sea level NN
Area : 17.85 km²
Residents : 259  (Dec. 31, 2008)
Population density : 15 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1938
Incorporated into: Klitten
Postal code : 02943
Area code : 035895

Jahmen , Upper Sorbian Jamno ? / i , is a district of the East Saxon community Boxberg / OL in the district of Görlitz . It is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia and has a regional significance through the Jahmen rule, which among other things promoted the construction of the Hoyerswerda – Horka railway in the Uhyst / Klitten area. Audio file / audio sample

geography

Station building

Jahmen is located in the form of a lane group village southeast of the Bärwalder See in a field and meadow landscape. To the northeast lies Dürrbach , east Klitten and southwest Kaschel . The Weigersdorfer Fließ flows through Jahmen, which is called the Jahmener Fließ from Jahmen onwards .

The Hoyerswerda – Horka railway runs south of Jahmen . The Klitten train station is located next to it on the Jahmener Flur.

history

Archaeological finds in the Jahmen district show settlement activity in the Middle and Neolithic . Other finds, including remains of burial grounds, date from the Bronze and Iron Ages .

Jahmen is mentioned in a document in 1402 in the Görlitzer Ratsbuch as Jomen . It is a farming village with a predominantly Sorbian population . Heinrich von Zezschwitz (already before 1423) and the brothers Hans and Otto von Pannewitz (1489) are known as owners of the Jahmen Estate. In the middle of the 16th century, Jahmen was incorporated into the estate of the five sons of Hieronymus von Nostitz on Guttau through purchase , in which the neighboring parish of Klitten was already located at that time. A manor in Jahmen can be traced back to 1587.

In the Peace of Prague in 1635, the Kingdom of Bohemia ceded the two margravate of Lusatia to the Electorate of Saxony during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) .

Jahmen Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
The characteristic entrance to the former Jahmener Gutshof is visible from afar.

The manor burned down on October 17, 1648 at around 11 p.m. after a fire broke out in the riding stables due to inattention. A new palace was built between 1715 and 1724 by Gottlob Christian Vitzthum von Eckstedt . Its 12 chimneys, 52 rooms and 365 windows, which reflect striking figures from the annual accounts, are architecturally remarkable. Vitzthum is court marshal of the Saxon Elector Augustus the Strong , who stays several times for several weeks in Jahmen Castle.

After the Wars of Liberation , the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede more than half of its state territory in 1815, whereby Lower Lusatia and a large part of Upper Lusatia came to Prussia. In the following year, Jahmen was assigned to the newly formed district of Rothenburg .

The old Lutheran congregation based in Jahmen built its own church in 1846. Under the direction of the Sorbian pastor Jan Kilian, around 450 Old Lutherans , including 200 from Jahmen and Klitten, emigrated to Texas in 1854 and founded the town of Serbin .

During the First World War , the estate was a reserve hospital that accommodated up to 30 wounded. The industrialist Hugo Stinnes bought it in 1917, modernized it and built workers' apartments in Jahmen and Dürrbach . Under Stinnes, the Jahmen manor includes the Jahmen, Dürrbach and Boxberg manors as well as the Kringelsdorf , Klitten and Thomaswalde estates , with Boxberg having been divided into a Jahmen and Muskau part for centuries .

On April 1, 1938, several communities in the Rothenburg district are amalgamated, including Jahmen, Kaschel and Klein-Oelsa mit Klitten.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the castle burned down in April 1945. Its ruins are demolished in the summer of 1947.

Due to the advancing Bärwalde opencast mine , the suburb of Jasua on the Jahmer Flur was demolished in 1987 and 1988 . Due to the turnaround , increased public protests and a rethinking of energy policy, the opencast mine is being postponed, which means that Jahmen is spared demolition.

Due to the merger of Klitten and Boxberg, Jahmen has been a part of Boxberg since February 1st, 2009.

Population development

year Residents
1825 263
1863 309
1871 352
1885 289
1905 297
1925 423
1999 280
2002 273
2008 259
year Peasant
( possessed man )		 gardener Cottager all in all
1588 7th 11 6th 24
1600 7th 08th 8th 23
1647
1657		 7th 08th 8th 23
1741 6th 11 9 26th
1777 8th 11 11 30th
1807/13 3 11 12 26th

In the division of Hieronymus von Nostitz's estate on Guttau among his five sons, the deed of division in 1588 mentions one fief farmer and six half-farmers , a total of seven possessed men, as well as eleven garden food owners and six house owners. In the following years the social structure changes a little; in the 1647 recess, no more fief builders are mentioned, but a half builder. The number of gardeners has decreased, the number of cottagers has increased by almost the same amount; overall, one economy is mentioned less. In the 18th century the number of farms fluctuated, while that of gardeners and cottagers increased to eleven each by 1777. At the beginning of the 19th century only three farmers are listed, while the remaining numbers are almost unchanged.

Between 1825 and 1871, the population of Jahmens increased from 263 to 352, but fell again to 289 by the middle of the next decade. A renewed population growth resulted in 423 inhabitants in 1925. Ten years after the political change in the GDR , Jahmen still has around 280 inhabitants, and the trend is declining.

In the 19th century the population was still predominantly Sorbian. In 1863, according to official figures, 244 of the 309 inhabitants were Sorbs, about 20 years later Arnošt Muka found 262 Sorbs among the 291 inhabitants. This corresponds to a 79 percent share of the Sorbian population in 1863 and a 90 percent share in 1884. The language change to German mainly takes place in the first half of the 20th century. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 15.7% in the municipality of Klitten, to which Jahmen now belongs.

Place name

Variants of the German place name are Jomen (1402), Jamen (1417), Jamenn (1506) and Jahmen (1768). The place name is derived, like the Upper Sorbian, from the Old Sorbian word Jaḿno , which in today's Sorbian and Polish spelling jama means "pit" (in the sense of a wild trap). So Jahmen is a mine site.

Personalities

The pastor and hymn poet Johann Mentzer (1658–1734) was born in Jahmer. He received his first pastor's post in 1691 in the neighboring and north-western parish of Merzdorf . The folklorist and linguist Matej Handrik (1864–1946) was also born in Jahmen .

literature

  • From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 274 f .
  • Robert Pohl: Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 236 ff .
  • Dr. Georg Alpermann: Farms and farmers in Klitten (since 1588) . In: German local clan books . tape 18 . German Working Group on Genealogical Associations, Frankfurt am Main 1959.
  • Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscape. A regional survey in the Lohsa, Klitten, Großdubrau and Baruth area . In: Values ​​of the German homeland . tape 67 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-08903-6 .

Web links

Commons : Jahmen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jahmen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ↑ a b From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , p. 275.
  3. ↑ a b c Alpermann: Höfe und Bauern in Klitten (since 1588) , p. 1.
  4. ↑ a b c values ​​of the German homeland, vol. 67, pages 391–398.
  5. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 117 .
  6. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 254 .
  7. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (=  German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 110 .