List of individual structures of the Great Wall of China

The great walls

The list of individual structures of the Great Wall of China compiles individual sections and individual structures of the Great Wall of China .

At least 16 different Great Walls were built between the 5th century BC. And the 6th century AD. So the Great Wall is a network of structures several thousand kilometers long. Five of them are known as wan li chang cheng ( unimaginably long wall ) due to their length . The largest and most famous of these five is the Ming Dynasty Wall begun in the 14th century . Today, many parts of the wall system are threatened with disintegration or have almost been destroyed. The history of the building activities is not without gaps, but efforts have been made to repair and maintain sections of the wall in the meantime. After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, some sections were restored to encourage tourism, including Juyongguan , Badaling, and Shanhaiguan , followed by Jiayuguan , Jinshanling , Mutianyu , Simatai , Jiumenkou , Huangyaguan , Yumenguan, and Yangguan . In addition, numerous individual structures such as watch and signal towers have been restored.

According to information from the Chinese Office for Cultural Heritage in June 2012, a total of 43,721 individual objects or locations of the Great Wall were identified as part of an extensive archaeological survey.

After an overview of some of the Great Walls, the following individual lists compile individual wall sections and structures without claiming to be exhaustive.

The walls of different states and dynasties

Surname	Timeframe	Chin.	swell	WP article	Remarks
Chu	722-221	楚 长城 , Chu changcheng			Defense wall of the Chu Kingdom in the triangle of Hubei, Shaanxi and Henan. Not yet localized.
Sui	581-618	隋 长城 , Sui Changcheng			Sui dynasty
Northern Qi	550-577	北齐 长城 , Bei Qi changcheng		Great Wall of Qi State	Northern Qi Dynasty
Jin	1125-1234	金 代 长城 , Jindai Changcheng			Jin Dynasty of the Jurds
Northern Wei	(352?) 386-584	北魏 长城 , Bei Wei Changcheng			Northern Wei Dynasty Hexi section 352 - 361, Henan section n. Known Great Wall of the Eastern Wei (Dong Wei, 534-550) Chinese  东魏 长城 , Pinyin Dong Wei changcheng
White	445-225 BC Chr.	魏 长城 遗址 , Wei changcheng yizhi			The defense wall of King Hui of Liang in Hexi 梁 辉 王 河西 长城 , Liang Hui Wang Hexi changcheng during the Wei Dynasty from the Warring States Period
Yan	353-290 BC Chr.	燕 长城 , Yan changcheng			Kingdom of Yan from the Warring States Period "Earth" or "Stone Dragon"
Zhao	424-222 BC Chr.	赵 长城 , Zhao changcheng			Kingdom of Zhao from the Warring States Period
Qin	361-221 BC Chr.	秦 长城 , Qin changcheng			First Great Wall under Qin Shihuangdi at the end of the Warring States Period . Guyang (Qin) ( 固 阳 秦 长城 , Guyang Qin changcheng ), Great Wall of the Qin State of Nalinta ( 纳林塔 秦国 长城 遗址 , Nalinta Qinguo changcheng yizhi ), Qin-period Great Wall of Xiaoyutai in Xiaoyutai , Yin Shan , interior Mongolia ( Chinese  内蒙古 阴山 小 余 泰 秦 长城 , Pinyin Neimenggu Yinshan Xiaoyutai Qin Changcheng ) and a.
Han	206 BC BC - AD 8, AD 25-220	汉 长城 , Han Changcheng			Han Dynasty , see also Great Wall west of the Yellow River , Loulan and the Han foreign relations map
Ming	1368-1644	明 长城 , Ming changcheng		Ming Age Great Wall	Ming Dynasty . Great Wall in Shijiazhuang
Liao	1066-1125	辽 长城 , Liao changcheng			Liao Dynasty
Northern Zhou Dynasty	557-581	北周 长城 , Bei Zhou changcheng			Defense wall of the Northern Zhou Dynasty
song	960-1126	北宋 长城 , At song changcheng			Song Dynasty . Additionally the " willow branch boundary " ( 柳條 邊 , liutiao bian )
Great Wall in South China	1368-1644	苗疆 长城 , Miaojiang changcheng			Miaojiang border wall

The organization of border surveillance during the Ming Dynasty was the responsibility of the “Nine Garrisons” ( Jiubian , 九 边 ), a system similar to that used during the Tang Dynasty with the “ Four Garrisons of Anxi ” ( 安西 四 鎮  /  安西 四 镇 , Anxi Sizhen ) existed where troops were sent from the heartland of the empire to the border areas.

literature

• Cheng Dalin: The Great Wall of China . Ed .: South China Morning Post. Hong Kong 1984, ISBN 962-10-0030-0 ( online version [accessed February 6, 2010]).
• Julia Lovell : The Great Wall. China versus the rest of the world. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 3-8062-2074-3

Web links

Commons : Maps of the Great Wall of China  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• The story of the great wall
• TheGreatWall.com.cn (English)

Individual evidence for the Great Walls

1. ^ ^{A b} Ancient Wonder, Modern Challenge Friends of the Great Wall
2. ^ Vanishing Acts. Global Heritage Fund ( Memento of the original dated July 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ ^{a b} China Travel Beijing "Great Wall Tour" ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ The Great Wall ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Wall of Chu ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ Wall of Qi ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Wall of Wei ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Wall of Yan ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Wall of Zhao ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Wall of Qin ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ The Wall of Han ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ↑ Wall of Ming ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ↑ Great Wall in Shijiazhuang ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ The History of the Great Wall
15. ↑ chinagreatwall.org

Individual structures

Sections of the great wall

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Andi (Great Wall)	岸 底 长城	Ming	Jingxing , Shijiazhuang	Hebei		Andi Changcheng, Andi's Great Wall
Badaling	八達嶺  /  八达岭	Ming	Yanqing	Beijing
Beishicheng	北 石城	Ming	Miyun	Beijing		40 ° 32'59.78 "N, 116 ° 51'0.26" E
Dajingmen	大 境 门	Qing	Zhangjiakou	Hebei
Didu		Ming	Shijiazhuang	Hebei		Didu Great Wall
Dongguan (Great Wall)	东莞 长城	Qi	Dongguan	Guangdong		Dongguan changcheng
Dunhuang (Great Wall)	敦煌 市 长城	Han	Dunhuang	Gansu		40 ° 3'16.48 "N, 94 ° 30'16.25" E (coordinate of the watchtower on the wall section). Dunhuang changcheng, section between Yumenguan and Yangguan near Dunhuang , Gansu Commanderies in Dunhuang, Lufu, Lude and Guzang
Guyuanqin	固原 秦 长城固 阳县	Qin	Guyuan	Ningxia		Guyuanqin changcheng, Wall of the Qin s. a. Guyang Qin Great Wall
Hanchengwei	韩城 魏 长城	Ming	Hancheng	Shaanxi		Hanchengwei changcheng
Huanghua	黄花	Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Huanghuacheng, Huanghuazheng
Hushan	虎山 长城	Ming	Dandong	Liaoning		Hushan changcheng, the eastern end of the Ming Wall 虎山 长城
Huyushukou changcheng	孤 榆树 口 长城		Pingshan	Hebei
Jiankou	箭 口 ， 箭扣	Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Jiangkou?
Jinshanling	金山嶺  /  金山岭	Ming	Luanping	Hebei
Laoniuwan	老牛 湾	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		39 ° 38'2.70 "N, 111 ° 26'21.66" E
Lianggouqiao		Ming	Shijiazhuang	Hebei		Lianggouqiao Great Wall
Loulan		Han	Bayingolin	Xinjiang		Watchtowers on Konche-darja , approx. 200 km northwest of Loulan, north of Tikanlik
Mutianyu	慕田峪	Qi / Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Mutianyuguan 慕田峪 关, Zhengbeilou Watchtower
Panlongshan	蟠龙 山	Ming				蟠龙 山 长城 , Panlongshan Changcheng , Panlongshan Great Wall ("Coiling Dragon mountain"). Part of the Gubeikou Great Wall . 40 ° 41'42 "N 117 ° 9'57" E
Qi changcheng gruhaichu	齐 长城 入 海 处	Qi	District Huangdao , Qingdao	Shandong		The place where the Great Wall meets the sea
Qingshuihe (Great Wall)	清水 河 县 长城	Ming	Qingshuihe	Inner Mongolia		Qingshuihe xian changcheng. Also Qiangshuihe, Qingshui. Qingshuiying? 40 ° 28'60.00 "N, 117 ° 16'0.00" E
Raoziwo	绕 紫 窝 长城	Qi	Taoyuan , Heshan City	Guandong		Raoziwo changcheng.
Saishicheng		Ming	Miyun	Beijing		Coordinates approx 116.8969, 40.6048
Sanguan (Great Wall)	三 关	Ming	Zhangjiakou	Ningxia		also Sanguankou. 38 ° 20'48.72 "N, 105 ° 49'23.74" E. Ming Wall in Ningxia (west, east, north). s. a. Guyang (Qin) (South) Built in 1540
Shandan (Great Wall)		Ming	Shandan	Gansu		38 ° 46'45.48 "N, 101 ° 6'44.68" E
Shawangpo	杀 王 坡	Qin	Lintao	Gansu
Shijiazhuang Changcheng	石家庄 长城	Ming	Shijiazhuang	Hebei		Shijiazhuang Great Wall
Shoukoubaozi		Ming	Yanggao	Shanxi		Shoukoubaokou 守 口 堡 口 , Shoukoubao changcheng 守 口 堡 长城
Simatai	司馬臺  /  司马台	North. Qi / Ming	Miyun	Beijing		Ji garrison. Simatai changcheng
Wei changcheng nanqidian	魏 长城 南 起点	South. White	Huayin	Shaanxi		Wei changcheng nanqidian, beginning of the Great Wall of the Southern Wei
Wohushan	卧虎 山 长城	Ming	Miyun	Beijing		Wohushan Changcheng, Wohushan Great Wall, part of the Gubeikou Great Wall . 40 ° 41'48 "N 117 ° 7'46
Wulonggou	乌龙 沟	Ming	Laiyuan	Hebei
Wuqiaoling	乌鞘岭 汉 明 长城 双线	Ming	Tianzhu	Gansu		Wuqiaoling hanming changcheng shuanxiang. The double wall of Wuqiaoling (Wuqiaoling Shan). Over long stretches of earth wall → photos Wuqiaoling - The Gate of the Hexi Corridor
Wuqiqin	吴旗 秦 长城	Qin	Wuqi	Shaanxi		Wuqiqin changcheng
Xiangshuihu	响水湖	Ming	Dazhenyu , Huairou District	Beijing		40 ° 27'34.00 "N, 116 ° 27'13.00" E.
Yangjia cheng	杨家 城	Ming	Yangjia , Shenmu County	Shaanxi		Yangjia Town in Shenmu County was called Gulin Prefecture in ancient times, which was garrisoned by the warriors of the Yang Family.
Yulinsai	榆 林塞	Qin / Sui / Ming	Yulin	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison (榆林 镇), also Yansui Garrison (延绥 镇), and the Yulinbao Fortress (榆林 堡) with the forts Beicheng and Nancheng
Zheng Han Gucheng	郑 韩 故城	Zheng / Han		Henan		Wall of the Zheng and Han

Individual evidence of wall sections

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Great Wall in Shijiazhuang ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Andi Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ ^{a b c} The Great Wall of China close to Beijing City ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Dajingmen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Didu Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ The Wall of Han ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e} The Great Wall a Pillar of China 抯 Travel Industry
9. ↑ Dunhuang Great Wall of the Han Dynasty ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ HuangHua Great Wall ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ↑ Excursion to the Great Wall at Huanghua in October 2001
12. ^ Huanghuacheng Great Wall
13. ^ Huanghuacheng Great Wall
14. ^ Archeology from the Song to the Ming
15. ↑ Tiger Mountain Great Wall ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ Hushan Great Wall
17. ↑ JianKou Great Wall ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
18. ↑ Jiangkou Great Wall
19. ↑ ^{a b c d} Great Wall Around Beijing ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
20. ↑ Jinshanling Great Wall
21. ↑ ^{a b} Pass fortresses - passages of the Great Wall. China Radio International (CRI), Beijing
22. ↑ Great Wall, Hebei Province ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
23. ↑ Lianggouqiao Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
24. ↑ ^{a b} Gubeikou Great Wall
25. ↑ 蟠龙 山 Panlong Shan
26. ^ Ningxia Great Wall
27. ↑ Ming-dynasty Great Wall at Sanguan Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
28. ↑ The Helan Shan Wall, Part 1
29. ↑ Map of Great Wall Hiking -the Hiking-friendly Sections maps on the Great Wall from east to west
30. ^ Wulonggou Great Wall
31. ↑ Beijing: Secrets of the city ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
32. ↑ The cradle of Chinese civilization ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Pass fortresses

The Great Walls had numerous passages and gates, their number is estimated at several 1,000. Many of these passages were expanded into pass fortresses or fortresses. They were located in strategically important places and were strongly fortified. Taking advantage of the terrain, the fortresses were built in a square, rectangular or trapezoidal shape, depending on the space available, also polygonal or as watchtowers connected by walls.

The most important pass fortresses near Beijing were Juyongguan , Gubeikou and Xifengkou . In Tianjin it was Huangyaguan in Ji County and in Hebei Province it was the Shanhaiguan , Songtingguan , Zijingguan and Daomaguan passes . In Shanxi Province , Niangziguan , Yanmenguan , Ningwuguan and Piantouguan were of great importance, as was Shilanji ( Inner Mongolia ), Jiayuguan ( Gansu ) and finally Jiumenkou ( Liaoning ).

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Anmenkouguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Baicaokouguan	白草 口 关	Ming	Lingshou	Hebei		Baicaoguankou ( 白草 关口 )
Baishikouguan	白石 口 关	Ming	Laiyuan	Hebei		Zhenbao Garrison
Baimaguan	白马 关	Ming	Miyun	Beijing		Ji garrison. 40 ° 46'0.12 N, 116 ° 54'0.00 "E
Baiyangguan	白羊 关	Ming	Shijiazhuang	Hebei		白羊 关 长城 , Baiyangguan changcheng
Baiyangyuguan	白洋 峪 关	Ming	Pingshan	Hebei		Ji garrison. Baiyangyu changcheng ( 白羊 峪 长城 ). 40 ° 11'52.12 "N, 118 ° 43'31.16" E
Chajianlingguan	插 箭 岭 关	Ming	Laiyuan	Hebei
Changchengguan	长城 关	Ming	Yanchi	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Daguan	大关	Qi	Linying	Shandong
Daomaguan	倒 马 关	Time d. Warring States / Ming	Tanghe	Hebei		near Yanmenguan. Also Changshanguan (常山 关), Tieguan (铁 关), Hongshanguan (鸿 山 关). Consists of a northern and a southern part
Damaoshanguan	大毛 山 关	Ming	Linying	Shandong		Ji garrison. At the intersection of Funing in Hebei and Suizhong in Liaoning
Dingbiancheng	定 边城	Ming	Dingbian , Yulin County	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Fangmen	防 门	Qi	Pingyin	Shandong
Fenshuiguan	分水 关	Ming	Pickling	Liaoning
Fushunguan	抚顺 关	Ming	District Fushun City Fushun	Liaoning
Futuyuguan	浮图 峪 关	Ming	Laiyuan	Hebei
Gaoquesai	高 阙 塞	Zhao	Back hanggin banner	Inner Mongolia
Gubeikou	古北口	Ming	Miyun	Beijing
Guguan	固 关	Ming	Pingyin	Shandong		Zhenbao Garrison. 37 ° 53'35.83 "N, 113 ° 54'17.79" E
Guyushuguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Heishanguan	黑山 关	Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Huangcaoguan	黄草 关		Wulian	Shandong
Huanghuachengguan	黄花城 关	Ming	Huairou	Beijing
Huangyaguan	黄崖关	South + North Dynasties / Ming	Ji	Hebei		Yellow cliff with the Baguaguan fortress
Huangyuguan	黄 榆 关	Ming	Heshun	Shanxi		Zhenbao Garrison
Huangzeguan	黄泽 关	Ming	Zuoquan	Shanxi		Zhenbao Garrison
Jiangjunguan	将军 关	Ming	Ji / Pingu	Tianjin / Beijing		Ji garrison. 40 ° 16'60.00 "N, 117 ° 20'60.00" E (Geonames). Place of the same name?
Jiaoshanguan		Ming	Shanhaiguan	Hebei		40 ° 1'58.39 "N, 119 ° 44'7.76" E. Between Hanmenguan and Dapingding. Jiaoshan water tower
Jiayuguan (pass)	嘉峪關  /  嘉峪关	Ming	Jiayuguan	Gansu		→ Overhanging Great Wall, Suspended Great Wall
Jilusai	鸡 鹿 塞	Han		Inner Mongolia
Jingxingguan	井陉 关	Ming	Luquan , Shijiazhuang	Hebei		also Jingxingkou, Tumenguan and Tumenkou
Jinsuoguan	金锁 关	North Qi	Fenyang	Shanxi
Jinyangguan	锦阳 关	Qi	Laiwu	Shandong
Jiumenkou	九 门口	North Qi / Ming	Suizhong	Liaoning		Also a name for the wall section in question
Junjiguan	峻极 关	Ming	Zuoquan	Shanxi
Juyongguan	居庸關  /  居庸关	Qin / Yuan / Ming	Changping	Beijing
Lengkouguan	冷 口 关	Ming	Qin'an	Hebei		Ji garrison
Lianhuachiguan	莲花 池 关	Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Ji garrison
Liulingguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Longjingguan	龙井 关	Ming	Qianxi	Hebei		Ji garrison
Longquanguan	龙泉 关	Ming	Fuping	Hebei
Lupiguan	鹿皮 关	Ming	Miyun	Beijing		Ji garrison
Luyangguan	鲁 阳 关	Chu	Lushan	Henan
Malanguan	马兰 关	Ming	Zunhua	Henan		Ji garrison
Malingguan	马岭 关	Ming	Xiyang	Shanxi
Mulingguan	穆 陵 关	Spring + autumn annals		Shandong
Nanhaikouguan	南海 口 关	Ming	Shanhaiguan	Hebei		Part of Laolongtou
Niangziguan	娘子关	Ming	Pingding	Hebei		also "Ladies Pass", Princess Pingyang
Ningwuguan	宁武 关	Ming	Ningwu	Shanxi		"Three Outer Passes" (Wai sanguan). Coordinates Ningwu: N 38 ° 50 '23 E 112 ° 9' 29
Pianguan	偏 关	Five dynasties / yuan	Pianguan , Xinzhou City	Shanxi		"Three Outer Passes" (Wai sanguan) (also 偏头 关 , Piantouguan (?), 39 ° 26'6.00 "N, 111 ° 29'25.00" E)
Pingxingguan	平型关		Lingqiu	Shanxi		N 39 ° 19 '0 E 113 ° 54' 0 . see also: Battle of Pingxingguan .
Qingshanguan	青山 关	Ming	Tangshan	Hebei		Ji garrison. 40 ° 24'25.20 "N, 118 ° 32'44.20" E.
Qingyangguan	清 阳 关	Ming	Changtu	Liaoning
Sandaoguan	三 道 关	Ming	Shanhaiguan	Hebei		Ji garrison
Sangyuankouguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Shangguan	上 关	Ming	Zunhua	Hebei		Ji garrison
Shanhaiguan	山海關  /  山海关	Ming	Shanhaiguan	Hebei		North Water Gate (Beishuiguan), South Water Gate (Nanshuiguan) and Way Gate (Hanmenguan). Nearby the Weiyuan Fortress and by the sea Laolongtou 老 龙头 or Longtaitou (Old Dragon's Head)
Shengjinguan	胜 金 关	Ming	Zhongwei	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Shentangguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Shilanji		Qin / Han	Urad Zhongqi (?)	Inner Mongolia		at the foot of Dalang Shan
Shuiguan	水 关	Ming	Pingshan	Hebei		40 ° 20'14.00 "N, 116 ° 1'54.00" E. Water Pass.
Shuikouguan	水口 关	Ming	Huailai	Hebei		Shuiguan?
Sieryuguan			Qinhuangdao ?	Hebei
Songtinguan	松亭 关					Old name for Xifengkou?
Taolinguan	桃林 关	Qi	Jiaonan	Shandong
Tiemen Guan	铁门关	Jin	Bagrax	Xinjiang
Tingziguan		Ming	Fenghuang	Hunan		Great Wall Fortress in South China Coordinate Fenghuang County: N 28 ° 3 '23' 'E 109 ° 29' 50 ''
Tonglingguan	铜陵 关	Qi	Yiyuan	Shandong
Waqiaoguan	瓦 桥 关	Tang	Xiong (Hiung)	Hebei		Waqiaoguan Battle
Wulonggouguan	乌龙 沟 关	Ming	Laiyuan	Hebei
Xiamaguan	下马 关	Ming	Tongxin	Ningxia
Xifengkou	喜峰口	Ming	Zunhua	Hebei		40 ° 24'60.00 "N, 118 ° 17'20.00" O Old name for Xifengkou was Songtingguan?
Xinanguan	新安 关	Ming	Kaiyuan , Tieling City	Liaoning		38 ° 2 '27 N, 113 ° 15' 56 E
Yaguguan	鸦 鹘 关	Ming	Xinbin	Liaoning		Yahuguan?
Yangfangbaoguan	羊 房 堡 关	Ming	Xuanhua	Hebei
Yangguan	阳 关	Han	Dunhuang	Gansu
Yanmenguan	雁门关	Tang / Ming	Dai	Shanxi		"Three Outer Passes" (Wai sanguan)
Yeniulingguan	野牛 岭 关	Chu	Nanzhao , Nanyang City	Henan
Yeyiguan	叶 邑 关	Chu	Ye	Henan
Yueziyakouguan		Ming	Pingshan	Hebei
Yumenguan	玉門關  /  玉门关	Han / Wei	Dunhuang	Gansu
Zengguan	缯 关	Chu	Fangcheng	Henan
Zhangzuoliguan	彰 作 里 关		Pinggu	Beijing
Zhenyuanguan	镇远 关	Ming	Heishan	Liaoning		Ningxia Garrison
Zhuangdaokouguan	撞 道口 关	Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Changping Garrison
Zijingguan	紫荆关	Western Han / Ming	Yi	Hebei		39 ° 25'12.85 "N, 115 ° 9'50.70" E

Individual evidence of pass fortresses

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Pass fortresses - passages of the Great Wall. China Radio International (CRI), Beijing
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Great Wall in Shijiazhuang ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ ^{a b} Great Wall Around Beijing ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ The Great Wall of China close to Beijing City ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Baimaguan Fort
7. ↑ 白羊 关 长城 ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ The Great Wall in Shijiazhuang City ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ^ ^{A b} The Great Wall a Pillar of China 抯 Travel Industry
10. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from August 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ 倒 马 关 (Daomaguan) ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ↑ Simatai Section ( Memento of the original from August 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ↑ Gubeikou Great Wall
14. ↑ Gubeikou Great Wall
15. ↑ Guyushu Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ Huangyaguan (Yellow Cliff) Pass
17. ↑ Huangyaguan Pass
18. ↑ Jiaoshan Great Wall
19. ↑ ^{a b c} The History of the Great Wall of China - The Wall in the Sea and the Nanhaikou Pass ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ↑ Map of Great Wall Hiking -the Hiking-friendly Sections maps on the Great Wall from east to west
21. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Great Wall, Hebei Province ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
22. ↑ The Great Wall at Jiaoshan
23. ↑ There are many options for translating “passport”: crossing, fortress, control station, border crossing, customs station ...
24. ↑ The Suspended Great Wall ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
25. ↑ Overhanging Great Wall ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ↑ Jingxingguan Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
27. ↑ Jiumenkou Great Wall
28. ↑ Jiumenkou Great Wall
29. ↑ Liulingguan Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
30. ↑ Niangziguan Pass
31. ↑ Ningwuguan Pass
32. ↑ ^{a b} Pianguan Pass
33. ^ Pianguan and Pingxingguan
34. ↑ Qingshanguan Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
35. ↑ Qingshanguan fortress at Great Wall Blog  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
36. ↑ Hebei Sandaoguan Great Wall ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ↑ Sandaoguan Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
38. ↑ Sandaoguan - Great Wall Forum ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
39. ↑ ^{a b} The history of the Great Wall of China - The fortress city of Shanhaiguan ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
40. ↑ Old Dragon Head (Longtaitou)
41. ^ Badaling Expressway: The Expressway and the Great Wall
42. ↑ Great Wall Water Pass
43. ↑ ^{a b} Tangshan Ancient Great Walls  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
44. ↑ The Great Wall of South China
45. ↑ Yangguan Pass 阳 关  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
46. ↑ Yangguan Pass
47. ↑ 阳 关 (Yangguan) ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
48. ↑ Yanmenguan Pass
49. ↑ Yumenguan Pass ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
50. ↑ Monuments of the People's Republic of China (Hebei)
51. ↑ Zijinguan Pass
52. ^ Zijingguan Great Wall

Fortresses and forts

Fortifications and forts were built at important points on the Great Wall, such as near the passes and strategically important thoroughfares, especially during the Ming Dynasty. They were called "bao" (堡) and were surrounded by walls and in many cases equipped with signal systems. Some of them were so large that not only were soldiers stationed in them, but civilians also lived in them.

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Anbianbao	安 边 堡	Ming	Dingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Babao	坝 堡
Banqiaobao	板桥 堡	Ming	Linze	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Boluobao	波罗 堡	Ming	Hengshan	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Changlebao	常 乐 堡	Ming	Yulin	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Dabaibao	大 柏 堡	Ming	Shenmu	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Deshengbao	得胜 堡	Ming		Shanxi
Gaojiabao	高 家堡	Ming	Shenmu	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Guafulou	寡妇 楼	Ming	Ji	Tianjin
Guangwuying	广 武 营	Ming	Qingtongxia	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Gushanbao	孤山 堡	Ming	Fugu	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Heishanbao	黑山 堡	Ming	Minqin	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Hengchengbao	横 城堡	Ming	Lingwu	Ningxia
Hengshanbao	横山 堡	Ming	Lingwu	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Huaiyuanbao	怀远 堡	Ming	Hengshan	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Huamachiying	花 马池 营	Ming	Yanchi	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Huamenbao	桦 门 堡	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Huangfuchuanbao	黄 甫 川 堡	Ming	Fugu	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Huangsiqiao		Ming				South China Great Wall Fortress , formerly Xinfenghuangying Castle, now Huangsiqiao. Coordinates around N 28 ° 2 '30 E 109 ° 43' 19 (Xinfenghuang Zhan Railway Station)
Jian'anbao	建安 堡	Ming	Yulin	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Jiangjunhuibao	将军 会 堡	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Jiangyantai		Ming				江 沿 台 堡 , fortress at the east end of the Great Wall
Jingbianying	靖边 营	Ming	Jingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Jumenbao	拒 门 堡	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		also Jumenbu. Fortress, together with Zhenjiangbao (镇 羌 堡), Juqiangbao (拒 墙 堡) and Zhumabao (助 马 堡) part of the defense system Saiwai sibao 塞外 四 堡 (Four fortresses north of the Great Wall)
Juqiangbao	拒 墙 堡	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		39 ° 44'34.25 "N, 98 ° 30'44.69" E (center of Juqiang. The wall is north). Saiwai sibao 塞外 四 堡
Laolongtou	老 龙头	Ming	Ji	Shanxi		Ji garrison. 39 ° 58'1.62 "N, 119 ° 47'42.88" E
Laoniuwanbao	老牛 湾 堡	Ming	Pianguan	Shanxi
Laoyingbao	老 营 堡	Ming	Pianguan	Shanxi
Lichengbao	郦 城堡	Western Zhou	Neixiang	Henan
Liushujianbao	柳树 涧 堡	Ming	Dingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Longzhoubao	龙 州 堡	Ming	Dingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Lutangbao	芦 塘 堡	Ming	Jingtai	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Ningsaibao	宁塞 堡	Ming	Jingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Pingyuanbao	平 远 堡	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Qiangzilu		Ming				Away
Qingpingbao	清平 堡	Ming	Jingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Qingshuiyingbao	清水 营 堡	Ming	Lingwu	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Santunying	三 屯 营	Ming	Qianxi	Hebei		(Sanzhunying) Built in 1458, Jizhou Garrison
Sibabao	四 坝 堡	Ming	Linze	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Suoqiaobao	索桥 堡	Ming	Jingtai	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Toudunying	头 墩 营	Ming	Wuwei	Gansu
Tumenbao	土 门 堡	Ming	Gulang	Gansu		Gansu Garrison. s. a. Jingxingguan: Jingxingkou, Tumenguan and Tumenkou
Tumubao	土木 堡		Huailai	Hebei		Tumu fortress Tumu crisis
Wangpotun Barracks		Ming				Great Wall barracks in southern China
Wayaokoubao	瓦窑 口 堡	Ming		Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Weiwubao	威武 堡	Ming	Hengshan	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Xiangchengyi	襄城 驿		Xiangcheng	Henan
Xingwuying	兴 武 营	Ming	Yanchi	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Yanzhibao	胭脂 堡	Ming	Gaotai	Gansu		Gansu Garrison
Yongxingbao	永兴 堡			Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Yulinbao	榆林 堡	Ming	Yulin	Shaanxi		38 ° 17'22.59 "N, 109 ° 40'51.67" E.
Zhenbeitai	镇北 台	Ming	Yulin	Shaanxi		Zhenbeitai watchtower. Zhenkoutai too? Yulin Garrison
Zhenbianbao	镇 边 堡	Ming	Yanggao	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhenchaunbao	镇川 堡	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhenjingbao	镇 靖 堡	Ming	Jingbian	Shanxi		Yulin Garrison
Zhenkoubao	镇 口 堡	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhenluobao	镇 罗 堡	Ming	Jingbian	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison
Zhenqiangbao	镇 羌 堡	Ming	Fugu	Shaanxi		Yulin Garrison. Saiwai sibao 塞外 四 堡
Zhuanjingbao	砖 井 堡	Ming	Dingbian	Shanxi		Yulin Garrison
Zhumabao	助 马 堡	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Saiwai sibao 塞外 四 堡

Individual evidence fortresses

1. ↑ The History of the Great Wall: Fortresses at Strategically Important Places. China Radio International (CRI), Beijing
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original dated August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ The 200 passes of the Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ^ ^{A b} The Great Wall a Pillar of China 抯 Travel Industry
5. ↑ ^{a b} The Great Wall of South China
6. ^ Archeology from the Song to the Ming
7. ↑ Map of Great Wall Hiking -the Hiking-friendly Sections maps on the Great Wall from east to west
8. ↑ Baimaguan Fort
9. ↑ China Reisen Beijing "Great Wall Tour" ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Zhenbeitai Tower

Gates

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Bachakou		Ming	Shuozhou	Shanxi		wall crossing
Baihubaokou	败 虎 堡 口	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Bao'anbaokou	保安 堡 口	Ming	Zuoyun	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Baipugoukou	白 瀑 沟口		Mentougou	Beijing
Baopingbaokou	保 平 堡 口	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Beiloukou	北 楼 口	Ming	Ying County	Shanxi
Canhubaokou	残 虎 堡 口	Ming	Shaozuoyun ( Zuoyun ?)	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Changyukou	常 峪口	Ming?	Xuanhua	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Chongyukou	重 峪口	Ming	Lulong	Hebei		Ji garrison
Dahebaokou	大河 堡 口	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Dakou	打 口	Ming	Shizuishan	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison. Dawukou? 打 武 口 (打 硙 口)
Deshengkou	得胜 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Dongjiakou	董家 口	Ming	Funing	Hebei		Ji Garrison, part of the Ji City Great Wall (Jizhen changcheng). 40 ° 13'27.17 "N, 119 ° 40'6.19" E. Photos also Dongjiakou changcheng ( 董家 口 长城 )
Dushikou	独 石 口	Ming	Chicheng	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Feihukou	飞 狐 口	Zhao	Laiyuan	Hebei
Hedulingkou	鹤 度 岭 口	Ming	Pingding	Shanxi		Zhenbao Garrison
Hefangkou	河防 口	Ming	Huairou	Beijing		Ji garrison. 40 ° 25'54.00 "N, 116 ° 40'18.04" E
Helankou	贺兰 口	Ming	Helan	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Hongcibaokou	宏 赐 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Hongmenkou	红 门口	Ming	Pianguan	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Hongshankou	洪 山口	Ming	Zunhua	Hebei		Ji garrison
Hongyukou	红 域 口
Jielingkou	界 岭 口	Ming	Funing	Hebei		Ji garrison
Langwogoukou	狼 窝沟 口	Ming	Wanquan	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Langyakou	狼牙 口	Ming	Lingqiu	Shanxi		Zhenbao Garrison
Liminbaokou	利民 堡 口	Ming	Shuozhou	Shanxi
Liujiakou	刘家 口	Ming	Lulong	Hebei		Ji garrison. 40 ° 8'28.53 "N, 118 ° 56'3.82" E
Mabaokou	马 堡 口	Ming	Youyu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Mashikou	马 市 口	Ming	Huai'an	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Mashuikou	马 水口	Ming	Zhuolu	Hebei
Ninglubaokou	宁鲁 堡 口	Ming	Zuoyun	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Panjiakou	潘家 口	Ming	Qianxi	Hebei		Ji garrison. → Xifengkou , old name: Lulongzhai 卢龙 寨
Pohubaokou	破 虎 堡 口	Ming	Youyu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Polubaokou	破 鲁 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Sanchakou	三岔口	Qi	Zhangqiu , Tai'an	Shandong
Sanguankou	三 关口	Ming	Helan	Ningxia		Ningxia Garrison
Shahukou	杀 虎口	Ming	Youyu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Shaojiabaokou	少 家堡 口	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Shoukoubaokou	守 口 堡 口	Ming	Yanggao	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Sihaiyekou	四海 冶 口	Ming	Yanqing	Beijing
Weilubaokou	威鲁 堡 口	Ming	Zuoyun	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Xiakou	峡口	Ming	Shandan	Gansu		Gansu Garrison. Xiaohekou?
Xinhekou	新 河口	Ming	Wanquan	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Xinkaikou	新 开口	Ming	Wanquan	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison
Xinpingbaokou	新 平 堡 口	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Xuliukou	徐 流 口	Ming	Qin'an	Hebei		only ruins
Yangfangkou	阳 方 口	Ming	Ningwu	Shanxi
Yingenbaokou	迎 恩 堡 口	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Yiyuankou	义 院 口	Ming	Funing	Hebei		Ji garrison
Yumenbaokou	拒 门 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Yunshibaokou	云 石堡 口	Ming	Youyu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Yuqiangbaokou	拒 墙 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhangjiakou (Great Wall)	张家口	Ming	Zhangjiakou	Hebei		Xuanfu Garrison. s. also Zhangjiakou's story
Zhenhongbaokou	镇 宏 堡 口	Ming	Yanggao	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhenningbaokou	镇宁 堡 口	Ming	Tianzhen	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zhenqiangbaokou	镇 羌 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison, Datong County, Shanxi. Important mountain pass
Zhiguolingkou	支 锅 岭 口	Ming	Heshun	Shanxi		Zhenbao Garrison
Zhumabaokou	助 马 堡 口	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong Garrison
Zuhubaokou	阻 虎 堡 口	Ming	Pinglu	Shanxi		Datong Garrison

Individual records gates

1. ↑ ^{a b} Bruce G. Doar: The Great Wall of China: Tangible, Intangible and Destructible. China Heritage Newsletter, China Heritage Project, Australian National University
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original dated August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Baihubaokou
4. ↑ Bao'anbaokou
5. ↑ The 200 passes of the Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} Map of Great Wall Hiking -the Hiking-friendly Sections maps on the Great Wall from east to west
7. ↑ Dongjiakou Great Wall
8. ↑ Dongjiakou Pass  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Dongjiakou Great Wall Pictures ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ 董家 口 长城 Dongjiakou changcheng
11. ↑ Zhangjiakou Fort  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Fortified towns / garrisons

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Dajingcheng	大 靖 城	Ming	Gulang	Gansu		Fortress City, Gansu Garrison
Datongcheng	大 同城	Ming	Datong	Shanxi		Datong garrison town → Nine Ming garrisons
Guyuancheng	固原 城	Ming	Guyuan	Ningxia		Guyuan garrison town → Nine Ming garrisons
Guangwucheng	广 武 城	Ming	Shanyin	Shanxi		Guangwu Fortress City with the Guangwubao Festival
Jinzhoucheng	锦州 城	Han	Jinzhou			Fortress city
Linziqiguogucheng	临淄 齐国 故城	Warring States Period	Zibo	Shandong		Fortress city
Luotuocheng	骆驼 城	Han	Gaotai	Gansu		Fortress city
Ningyuancheng	宁远 城	Ming	Ningyuan			Fortress city
Niuzhuangcheng	牛庄 城	Ming	Niuzhuang , Haicheng City	Liaoning		Fortress city
Pingdingbaocheng	平定 堡 城	Ming	Pingding	Shanxi		Fortress city
Suoyangcheng	锁阳城	Tang	Guazhou	Gansu		Fortress city
Tongwancheng	统 万 城	Time d. Warring States	Jingbian	Shanxi		Fortress city
Xigucheng	西 固 城	Ming	Xigu	Gansu		Fortress city?
Xuanhuacheng	宣化 城	Ming	Xuanhua	Hebei		Xuanhuacheng Fortress City, Xuanfu Garrison Headquarters
Yanhecheng	沿河 城
Yinchuancheng	银川 城	Ming	Yinchuan	Ningxia		Fortress city, headquarters of the Ningxia Garrison
Zhangyecheng	张掖 城	Ming	Zhangye	Gansu		Fortress city, location of the troop commander, Gansu garrison

Individual evidence of fortified towns / garrisons

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ The 200 passes of the Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Other / unclear

Surname	Transcription	Wall	District / City ...	province	swell	Remarks
Jajiaoshan	丫 角 山	Ming	at Qingshuihe			Datong Garrison . Crossing point of three wall sections
Jiukonglou	九孔 楼	Ming				Watchtower?
Juyan	居延 遗址	Han				? Juyansaigucheng 居延 塞 故城 ,? Juyanyi Gucheng 居延 塞 故城
Kizilgaha
Xishuiyu	西 水峪	Ming				40 ° 24'35.86 "N, 116 ° 18'21.02" E
Yongtai (ruined city)	永泰 城 址					Yongtai chengzhi

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Meet Great Wall: Great Wall mountain pass ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ The 200 passes of the Great Wall  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Great Wall Around Beijing ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ The Great Wall of China close to Beijing City ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Monuments of the People's Republic of China (Gansu)

Various details

The Hongyukou Real Estate Development Project

In late 2003, an inspection team discovered that a 14-meter breach had been made in the wall near the Eastern Qing Tombs (Qing dongling 清 schnitt in Zunhua ) in Hongyukou , and two sections had been plastered with cement and repaired were. In addition, the original stones of the wall had been thrown away, and the earlier inscriptions and stone cannons had disappeared. Extensive landscaping had been carried out in the area and parking lots were being built.

The work was carried out as part of a property development project, part of the so-called Hongyu Villa project the city Qian'an and the autonomous municipality Qinglong the Manchu was. The investor, fined 100,000 yuan (about € 10,000), argued that the work was done to preserve the walls. Permits had not been obtained, and the construction company had no qualifications to carry out work on listed structures. In addition, the work by the local Bureau of Cultural Relics had not been reported to the Chinese State Bureau of Cultural Relics .

The Simatai Preferred Project

The Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau selected the Simatai section as the top priority project for 2004. Simatai has more signal towers than other sections of the Great Wall. Using traditional building materials and methods, partially collapsed gates, battlements and wall sections were restored and reinforced.

The destruction of the “sister towers” ​​of Gubeikou

The “sister towers”, a pair of watchtowers standing on either side of the wall, which were a unique architectural example for the wall and can still be seen in old photos from 1948, no longer exist today. Research by the British photographer William Lindesay revealed that the towers were first bombed by the Japanese during the 1930s, later stones from the towers were used by the People's Liberation Army in the construction of the railroad , and the rest was used by the residents of the nearby village.

References and comments

1. ↑ China's Great Wall is 21,196 km long: survey . Xinhua , June 5, 2012.
2. ↑ Beijing to open more Great Wall sections to tourism ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . China Daily , June 9, 2012. 
3. ^ Xu Pingfang: The Archeology of the Great Wall of the Qin and Han Dynasties.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Journal of East Asian Archeology, Vol. 3, Nos. 1-2, pp. 259-281, 2001  
4. ↑ ^{a b} Bruce G. Doar: The Great Wall of China: Tangible, Intangible and Destructible. China Heritage Newsletter, China Heritage Project, Australian National University
5. ↑ Jiang Chao: William Lindesay. Business Beijing, January 16, 2007 ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

• Detailed report from a hike from May 2006 to April 2008 along the Ming Wall (2,949 km) with numerous photos: Walking the Wall: A journey along the Great Wall of China
• chiculture.net (chinese)
• chinagreatwall.org (Chinese)
• The Great Wall of China close to Beijing City The Great Wall around Beijing (with map of the individual stations)
• Yulin Wall
• Locals, not invaders, destroy Great Wall. Global Heritage Fund. The impact of the surrounding residents on the wall

Press reports

• Inner Mongolia undertakes Great Wall repair. China Daily May 11, 2008 The wall, which was built in different historical periods, is more than 20,000 kilometers in length in Inner Mongolia
• Measuring up to Gansu's Great Wall. China Daily December 15, 2007 Surveying work on the wall in Gansu
• Sandstorms devouring Great Wall in NW China. China Daily August 29 2007 District Minqin : More than 40 kilometers of the local Great Wall have disappeared in the last 20 years, remain only ten kilometers
• China to measure length of Great Wall. China Daily February 12, 2007 4-year survey of the wall by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (SBSM) begins in April 2007
• Beijing county to restore 4,000 meters of wild Great Wall. China Daily December 18, 2006 . Announcement of the restoration of four kilometers of the Yanqing County Great Wall
• China to give Great Wall high-tech check. China Daily October 31, 2006 Wall investigation planned
• Length of the Great Wall to be announced in 2008. China Daily October 27, 2006 Measurement of the wall planned
• Great Wall size mystery may be resolved. China Daily October 27, 2006 Surveying of the wall planned