Huairou

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Huairou
怀柔 区
Municipality of Beijing
Location of Huairou in Beijing
Coordinates 40 ° 18 '34 "  N , 116 ° 39' 5"  E Coordinates: 40 ° 18 '34 "  N , 116 ° 39' 5"  E
surface 2,122.62 km²
Residents 388,000 (2019)
Population density 183 inhabitants / km²
Source: municipal administration

Huairou ( Chinese  怀柔 区 , Pinyin Huáiróu Qū ) is a district of the Chinese capital Beijing with an area of ​​2126.62 km². 89% of the area of ​​the district consists of mountainous land. Huairou had almost 388,000 residents in 2019, including around 278,000 with citizenship, the rest being migrant workers, students and soldiers. Of the 278,000 registered residents, around 153,000, or 55%, were employed in agriculture. Huairou, with its reservoir, is an important source of water for Beijing, and the Great Wall of China is 20 km away.

history

During the Warring States Period, what is now the municipality was part of the Yan Kingdom . King Xi founded there in 243 BC. The commandant's office Yuyang (渔阳 郡). The Qin dynasty took over in 222 BC. Chr. Yuyang as one of the 36 commandant offices of the empire, but moved the administrative headquarters from today's village of Tongjunzhuang (统 军 庄村) of the large community of Shilipu (十里堡 镇) in neighboring Miyun to today's village of Liyuanzhuang (梨园 庄村) of the large community of Beifang of Huairou. This was then carried on by the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty . The northern Chinese petty states, which emerged and perished in rapid succession after the end of the Wei Dynasty in 265, considered the strategic value of the Yuyang Command to be rather low, and the area experienced economic decline. This only changed during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577), when the first version of today's Mutianyu section of the Great Wall was built there.

The Great Wall of China at Mutianyu

With the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 618, the command posts were dissolved and converted into prefectures, with the area of ​​today's Huairou being assigned to Tan (檀州) Prefecture, today's Miyun. In the Shun (顺 州) prefecture to the south, today's Shunyi district of Beijing, a “Huairou District” (怀柔 县) was set up during this administrative reform, but it had nothing to do with today's Huairou. Huairou County, the forerunner of today's urban district, was not established until the beginning of 1369, when Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang divided Tan Prefecture into Miyun and Huairou Counties shortly after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty . When General Xu Da , an old comrade in arms of Zhu Yuanzhang, was transferred to Beiping (北平, today's Beijing) in 1371 - at that time Nanjing was still the capital of China - he began to rebuild the Great Wall, which was built during the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368) no longer had a border function. The Mutianyu wall section that is preserved today dates from this time.

In 1513, the south adjoining Changping County was upgraded to prefecture and Huairou County was assigned to this prefecture. Around 1645, at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Aisin Gioro Fulin , Huairou came as one of 22 districts to the capital prefecture Shuntian (順天府, essentially the area of ​​today's government city of Beijing). After General Yuan Shikai founded the Beiyang government on October 10, 1913, in the 2nd year of the republic , which ended the Provisional Government of the Republic of China (中华民国 临时 政府), the capital district in Jingzhao (京兆 地方) renamed, Huairou was then one of the now 20 districts there. After the area was liberated by the Red Army on December 6, 1948, Huairou County was assigned to Hebei Province , but returned to the Beijing City of Beijing on October 20, 1958. On February 7, 2002, by resolution of the Beijing City Government and with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , Huairou County was dissolved and converted to Huairou District.

Administrative structure

At the municipality level, Huairou consists of two street districts , 12 large municipalities and two nationality municipalities (2019). These are:

Science and military

Yanqi Lake campus

The University of Space Technology of the Strategic Combat Support Force, founded in June 1978 as the cadre school of the Defense Technology Commission of the People's Liberation Army , has its headquarters in the large community of Yanqi . In the large community of Huaibei, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been operating the “Campus on Lake Yanqi” (雁栖湖 校区), a smaller reservoir in the north of the city district, since September 3, 2013. Opposite the large community of Huairou, on an island on the north bank of the large Huairou reservoir, the Huairou Solar Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been located since November 1984 .

In the southeast of the city district, on the border with Miyun , the "Science City Huairou" (怀柔 科学 城) is to be built on 100.9 km² from 2020, of which 68.4 km² will be on Huairou and 32.5 km² on Miyun. Based on the Zhongguancun Science and Technology Center in the Haidian district , research institutes and high-tech companies are to be located there that will conduct research and development work in the fields of materials science and technology , space science, earth system science , life sciences and artificial intelligence . The first institutes should start their work in 2030.

Web links

Commons : Huairou District  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ About Huairou. In: bjhr.gov.cn/english. Accessed July 14, 2019 .
  2. ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press , Stanford 1985, p. 200.
  3. ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1985, p. 178.
  4. ↑ 地名 由来. In: bjhr.gov.cn. Retrieved July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  5. ↑ 中华民国. In: bjhr.gov.cn. October 21, 2011, accessed July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  6. ↑ 北京市 人民政府 关于 撤销 怀柔 县 设立 怀柔 区 的 通知. In: chinalawedu.com. February 7, 2002, accessed July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 行政 区划. In: bjhr.gov.cn. Retrieved July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ 张宏洲: 2017 军校 巡礼 第二 十五 站 ： 航天 工程 大学. In: mod.gov.cn. June 15, 2017, Retrieved July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ 齐 芳: 中国科学院 大学 雁栖湖 校区 正式 启用. In: epaper.gmw.cn. September 4, 2013, Retrieved July 14, 2019 (Chinese).
  10. ^ Huairou Solar Observatory. In: english.nao.cas.cn. Accessed July 14, 2019 .
  11. ↑ 北京 怀柔 科学 城 概况. In: bjhr.gov.cn. May 31, 2019, accessed July 14, 2019 (Chinese).