Miyun

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Miyun
密云 区

Municipality of Beijing
Location of Miyun in Beijing
Coordinates 40 ° 22 '28 "  N , 116 ° 50' 22"  E Coordinates: 40 ° 22 '28 "  N , 116 ° 50' 22"  E
surface 2,229.45 km²
Residents 495,000 (2017)
Population density 222 inhabitants / km²
Source: municipal administration

Miyun ( Chinese  密云 区 , Pinyin Mìyún Qū ) is a district of the government- direct city ​​of Beijing in northern China . The Miyun District is located in the northeast of the Beijing administrative area. It has an area of ​​2,229.45 km². At the end of 2017, Miyun had a total of 495,000 inhabitants, of which 438,000 were citizens, the rest were migrant workers, foreign high school students, etc. Of the 438,000 registered inhabitants, 244,000, i.e. 55.7%, were employed in agriculture. A tourist attraction is the Nanshan Ski Village , a popular winter sports destination.

history

Finds of stone tools and clay pots in the village of Shanankou (山 安 口 村) in the large community of Bulaotun show that the area of ​​Miyun was settled as early as the Neolithic (the Peking man lived in what is now the Fangshan district , more than 100 km southwest of Miyun). Earth walls south of the village of Yanluo (燕 落 村), also in the area of ​​Bulaotun, are dated to about 2100 BC. Dated. During the Warring States Period, what is now the municipality was part of the Yan Kingdom . King Xi founded there in 243 BC. The commandant's office Yuyang (渔阳 郡) with administrative headquarters in today's village of Tongjunzhuang (统 军 庄村) of the large community of Shilipu. The Qin dynasty took over in 222 BC. BC Yuyang as one of the empire's 36 command posts, as did the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty afterwards .

In 397, at the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty , the Miyun commandant's office was given its current name, derived from the dense clouds and fog (密云) that often surround the mountains there. At that time, the three districts Miyun (密云 县), Baitan (白 檀 县) and Yaoyang (要 阳县) were set up in the headquarters. In the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577), the first version of today's Simatai section of the Great Wall was built. At that time, the area of ​​today's district was the commandant's Anle (安乐 郡) with the districts of Miyun (密云 县), Yanle (燕 乐 县) and Anshi (安 市县). This was in principle retained in the Sui dynasty , except that after several regional reforms, the Anle commandant's office consisted only of the two districts of Miyun and Yanle in 607. With the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 618, the command posts were dissolved and converted into prefectures. Anle became Tan (檀州) Prefecture, with the seat of government being relocated in 693 to today's Miyun municipality. There was also the official seat of the district administrator of Miyun. Tan Prefecture continued to consist of Miyun and Yanle Counties.

The thick nebulae from which Miyun got its name

In 936 Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭), who had overthrown the Later Tang Dynasty and founded the Later Jin Dynasty , ceded 16 prefectures south of the Great Wall, including Tan and You (幽州, today's Beijing) to the Kitan , to have peace on the northern border. Two years later, You, renamed Yanjing (燕京), became the southern capital of Liao . It was not until 1123, towards the end of the Northern Song Dynasty , that Liao returned 6 prefectures, including Tan, to China. Two years later, in 1125, Liao was overrun by Jin , who recaptured the 6 ceded prefectures. In 1234, Jin in turn fell victim to the Mongols . Tan prefecture now belonged to the capital district of what is now Beijing (大都 路) and was renamed Miyun a little later. This was basically maintained by the Ming Dynasty from 1368 until Miyun was assigned to Changping Prefecture in 1506 .

In 1688, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty , Miyun returned to the capital prefecture, now called Shuntianfu (顺天府), where it remained until 1928 when it was detached from the capital district and assigned to Hebei Province . In May 1933, the Republic of China lost the defensive battle against the Japanese at the Great Wall. Miyun has been declared a demilitarized zone. On November 25, 1935, the Japanese set up the "East Hebei Self-Government Commission", which on December 25, 1935 established the "Autonomous Government of East Hebei" (冀東 防 共 自治 政府, Pinyin Jìdōng Fánggòng Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ , Japanese Kitō Bōkyō Jichi Seifu ) exclaimed, a puppet regime of the Japanese. Miyun was officially occupied by the Japanese Army in August 1937, but was liberated by the 4th Column of the CPC 8th Army Corps in June 1938.

In September 1945, after the victory over Japan, the Kuomintang government forces attacked Miyun, occupied it and established a county government there. On December 5, 1948, Miyun County returned to the Red Army and was assigned to Hebei Province. On October 20, 1958, Miyun came to Beijing City Immediate Government. In November 2015, by resolution of the Beijing City Government and with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China , Miyun County was dissolved and converted into Miyun District.

Administrative structure

Nanshan ski area in the mountains south of Miyun Township

At the community level, Miyun is made up of two street districts , 17 large communities , an area office and an industrial park (2018). These are:

  • Gulou street district (鼓楼 街道), seat of the district government
  • Road quarter Guoyuan (果园街道)
  • Greater community Miyun (密云镇)
  • Greater community Xiwengzhuang (溪翁庄镇)
  • Greater community Xitiangezhuang (西田各庄镇)
  • Greater community Shilipu (十里堡镇)
  • Greater community Henanzhai (河南寨镇)
  • Greater community Jugezhuang (巨各庄镇)
  • Greater community Mujiayu (穆家峪镇)
  • Greater community Taishitun (太师屯镇)
  • Large municipality of Gaoling (高 岭镇)
  • Large municipality of Bulaotun (不 老 屯镇)
  • Greater community Fengjiayu (冯家峪镇)
  • Greater community Gubeikou (古北口镇)
  • Dachengzi municipality (大城 子 镇)
  • Greater community Dongshaoqu (东邵渠镇)
  • Greater community Beizhuang (北庄镇)
  • Xinchengzi Municipality (新城 子 镇)
  • Greater community Shicheng (石城镇)
  • Tanying Area Office (檀 营 地区 办事处)
  • Miyun Industrial Park (北京 密云 经济 开发区)

Web links

Commons : Miyun District  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. 密云 概况. In: bjmy.gov.cn. July 8, 2019, accessed July 9, 2019 (Chinese).
  2. ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press , Stanford 1985, p. 200.
  3. ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1985, p. 178.
  4. 谭 其 骧 (主编): 简明 中国 历史 地图集.中国 地图 出版社, 北京 1996 (第二 次 印刷), map 47–48.
  5. 密云 区 历史 沿革. In: xzqh.org. November 10, 2015, accessed July 9, 2019 (Chinese).
  6. 叶 攀: 北京 撤销 密云 县 、 延庆县 设立 密云 区 、 延庆 区. In: chinanews.com. November 17, 2015, accessed July 9, 2019 (Chinese).
  7. 2018 年 统计 用 区划 代码 和 城乡 划分 代码. In: stats.gov.cn. November 1, 2018, accessed July 9, 2019 (Chinese).