Zhangjiakou
| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Greater Region: | North china | ||
| Province : | Hebei | ||
| Status: | district-free city | ||
| Subdivision: | 4 city districts, 13 districts | ||
| Residents : | 4,425,100 (2016) | ||
| Area : | 36,873 km² | ||
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Zhangjiakou ( Chinese 張家口 市 / 张家口 市 , Pinyin Zhāngjiākǒu Shì ) is a district-free city in the Chinese province of Hebei , about 100 kilometers northwest of Beijing . 4.43 million inhabitants (mid-2016) and an area of 36,873 km² live in the entire urban area. 1.0 million people live in the actual urban settlement area of Zhangjiakou (2010 census).
Names
| Mongolian name | |
|---|---|
| Mongolian script : |
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ |
| Transliteration: | Qaɣalɣan, Čiɣulaltu Qaɣalɣa |
| Cyrillic script : | Хаалган, Чуулалт Хаалга |
| ISO transliteration : | Haalgan, Čuulalt Haalga |
| Transcription: | Chaalgan, Tschuulalt Chaalga |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional : | 張家口 |
| Simplified : | 张家口 |
| Pinyin : | Zhāngjiākǒu |
| Wade-Giles : | Chang-chia-k'ou |
The Russian and partly German name "Kalgan" (Калган) and the Mongolian name Chaalgan (Хаалган) can be derived from the word kaalga (n) for "door", "pass gate" in late Central Mongolian .
geography
Zhangjiakou is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, northwest of Beijing at a distance of 20 to 100 kilometers from the capital. The prefecture-level city is located on the Sanggan He River at a point where the Heng Shan , Taihangshan and Yanshan mountains meet. Zhangjiakou is surrounded by plateaus in the north and has summer temperatures of around 23 ° C, which makes the area a summer retreat for the residents of the hot city of Beijing. The urban center (the actual city area) is located on the Qingshui He, which flows into the Sanggan via the Yang He .
At Zhangjiakou there are a total of six corridors through which sandstorms blow as far as Beijing.
history
Zhangjiakou has always been a military outpost of the capital, " Beijing's North Gate ". Here an important traffic route led over the Juyongguan Pass into the city of Datong and the Mongolian steppe. It was also the only way the Mongol hordes could penetrate Beijing. For this reason, the Great Wall was doubled during the Ming Dynasty . The so-called " inner wall " ran from the Juyongguan Pass south of Zhangjiakou to the Yellow River . The northern, " outer wall " ran from Juyongguan via Zhangjiakou and Datong . At the Yellow River it met again with the “ inner wall ”.
The imperial widow Cixi stopped in Zhangjiakou during the Boxer Rebellion , because this is where the railway line ended. A reminder of this time is Jimingshan, the mountain of the crowing rooster, which takes its name from the imperial widow, who was reminded of a crowing rooster due to the shape of the mountain.
Zhangjiakou was an important station on the caravan route from Beijing to Ulan Bator . However, it lost its importance when the Trans-Siberian Railway was opened in 1905 .
In 1928 Zhangjiakou became the capital of Chahar Province and in 1937 of the "autonomous" Japanese satellite state Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia). At the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War, Zhangjiakou was occupied by Japanese troops who were supposed to secure Japan access to the region's coal reserves.
The Japanese troops were ousted by the often marauding Guomindang troops before the Chinese communists took power and dissolved Chahar province in 1952.
At the loading ramp at the entrance gate of the Hebei Shenghua Chemical plant , the explosion of a truck loaded with a flammable chemical triggered a fire on November 28, 2018. 23 dead, 22 injured are the human victims, 38 trucks and 12 cars are burned.
Economy and Transport
traffic
Streets
Zhangjiakou is on the road to Datong in Shanxi Province (Xuanda), Beijing (Jingzhang) and Inner Mongolia .
railroad
In addition, the railway line from Beijing to Baotou runs through the city . The southern route of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs through Zhangjiakou, where the train stops briefly. From there to Beijing it's only 193 kilometers.
economy
Zhangjiakou is rich in minerals and has eleven major mineral deposits. In Hebei Province, it ranks first for gold, coal, lead , zinc , phosphorus, and five other minerals.
Gold production
Zhangjiakou's gold mine was commissioned in 1970 and is considered one of the leading gold producers in China.
Coal mining
Xuanhua is home to sizeable underground coal stores and metal processing plants, as well as chemical industries, power plants, paper processing plants, and breweries.
Shoe production
Zhangjiakou, which is already a center for leather processing due to its proximity to the pasture areas, is also involved in the production of shoes. The Wuhuan Shoe Holdings Ltd. is a large state-owned company that produces sneakers and slippers in large numbers. 600 different types of shoes are produced in quantities of 20 million pairs per year.
Wool processing
Zhangjiakou Knitting Mill was established as a state-owned company in 1965 and began exporting abroad in 1983.
Viticulture
The China Great Wall Wine Company Ltd. is a joint venture that was founded in 1983 and works with companies in Italy, France and Germany.
Wind energy
Zhangjiakou is investing 6.9 billion yuan to control the sand dunes through afforestation. These efforts are in connection with Beijing's stated goal of holding the " Green Olympic Games " in 2008 . For this reason, 800,000 hectares of land are to be reforested. In this context, there is also the promotion of wind energy, whose capacity is to be increased from 10 megawatts to 5,000 megawatts within ten years.
Winter sports
In order to attract tourism from other regions of China, the city government is aiming to make Zhangjiakou a national winter sports center and is soliciting investments totaling 1 billion US dollars for the development of the Saibei Skiing Resort 塞北 滑雪 场 and the Hebei Cuiyunshan huaxuechang 河北 翠云 山滑雪场. In winter 2007 the Saibei Dolomiti ski area was opened in the Chongli district . Together with the Cuiyun Mountain Recreational Village Ski Resort, there are a total of two kilometers of slopes of various degrees of difficulty and eight lifts with a total length of 3 kilometers.
Together with Beijing, Zhangjiakou successfully applied to host the 2022 Winter Olympics .
Culture
In 1999 , the Chinese director Zhang Yimou shot his film Nobody Less - Not One Less in Zhangjiakou , the story of a 13-year-old girl in the country who takes over lessons in the school after the school teacher has left the village.
education
Zhangjiakou is the seat of the Hebei University of the North .
Administrative structure
At the county level, the city of Zhangjiakou consists of four districts and 13 districts. These are:
| Borough | Long characters | Abbreviation | Residents | km² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qiaoxi District | 橋西 區 | 桥西 区 | 230,000 | 141 |
| District Qiaodong | 橋東 區 | 桥东 区 | 260,000 | 113 |
| Xuanhua District | 宣化 區 | 宣化 区 | 290,000 | 276 |
| District Xiahuayuan District | 下 花園 區 | 下 花园 区 | 70,000 | 315 |
The circles (xian 县) are:
| circle | character | main place | Residents | km² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xuanhua County | 宣化 县 | Xuanhua District 宣化 区 |
300,000 | 2,095 |
| Zhangbei County | 张北县 | Zhangbei Municipality 张 北 镇 |
370,000 | 4,232 |
| district Kangbao | 康 保 县 | Kangbao Municipality 康 保 镇 |
280,000 | 3,365 |
| Guyuan County | 沽源 县 | Greater Pingdingbu 平定 Groß municipality |
230,000 | 3,601 |
| district Shangyi | 尚义 县 | Nanhaoqian Town 南 壕 堑 镇 |
190,000 | 2,621 |
| Yu district | 蔚县 | Yuzhou Town 蔚 州镇 |
460,000 | 3.216 |
| District Yangyuan | 阳 原 县 | Xicheng Parish 西 城镇 |
280,000 | 1,834 |
| Huai'an County | 怀 安县 | Chaigoubu 柴沟 堡镇 Parish |
250,000 | 1,706 |
| county Wanquan | 万 全县 | Kongjiazhuang Parish 孔 家 庄镇 |
220,000 | 1,158 |
| Huailai County | 怀 来 县 | Shacheng 沙 城镇Parish |
340,000 | 1,793 |
| circle Zhuolu | 涿鹿 县 | Zhuolu Township 涿鹿 镇 |
330,000 | 2,799 |
| circle Chicheng | 赤城 县 | Chicheng Township 赤 城镇 |
280,000 | 5,238 |
| Chongli district | 崇礼 县 | Xiwanzi Parish 西 湾 子 镇 |
120,000 | 2,326 |
Town twinning
-
South Tyrol , Italy, since 2007 -
Yichun , People's Republic of China, since 2012
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dozens of dead and injured after explosion at Chinese chemical plant de.sputniknews.com, November 28, 2018, accessed on March 30, 2019.
- ↑ 23 dead in chemical truck explosion in China derstandard.at, November 28, 2018, accessed on March 30, 2019.
- ↑ Explosion near chemical plant in China: Over 20 dead orf.at, November 28, 2018, accessed on March 30, 2019.
- ↑ hebei.chinadaily.com.cn: Festivals and Events of Hebei Province , as of April 28, 2011, accessed on August 27, 2011
Coordinates: 40 ° 49 ' N , 114 ° 53' E