Chengde

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Chengde
Greater Region: North china
Province : Hebei
Status: District-free city
Subdivision: 3 city districts,
5 districts,
3 autonomous districts
Residents : 3,531,800 (2016)
Area : 39,519 km²
Location of Chengde in Hebei
Location in China

Chengde ( Chinese  承德 市 , Pinyin Chéngdé shì , formerly: Jehol , Dschehol , Scheche , Rèhé热河) is a district-free city about 160 km northeast of Beijing .

location

Chengde is located in the northern Chinese province of Hebei, near the Luan River ( Luan He ). Your administrative area has an area of ​​39,519 km² and approx. 3.53 million inhabitants (end of 2016). In the three autonomous counties in particular, there is a high proportion of the population of Manchu and Mongols . The actual urban area has a population of around 700,000 people.

history

Chengde was formerly called Rehe ( Jehol ) and was the capital of the former province of Rehe .

Chengde is best known as the summer residence of the early emperors of the Qing Dynasty . The mountain resort that they built there in the 18th century consists of large parks with lakes, pagodas and the Imperial Summer Palace . Outside its walls are the Eight Outer Temples , built in various architectural styles from across China. The most impressive of these are the Putuo Zongcheng Temple ( Chinese  普陀 宗 乘 , Pinyin Pǔtuó Zōngchéng ), which was built on the basis of the Potala Palace in Lhasa ( Tibet Autonomous Region ), and the Pule Temple , which is the Temple of Heaven in Beijing is modeled after.

The mountain resort and the temples in the area were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994 .

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site

  • Replica of the Potala Palace

  • Replica of the Potala Palace

  • Ligong

  • Ligong

  • Puning Temple

  • Puning Temple

  • Putuo Zongcheng Temple

traffic

With road and rail links to Beijing, Chengde has become a transportation hub and its cultural treasures have made it a popular tourist destination. The National Road 101 connects since 2006 Chengde directly to downtown Beijing.

Administrative structure

At the county level, Chengde is made up of three urban districts, one urban district, four counties and three autonomous counties. These are:

  • Shuangqiao district (双桥 区), 311 km², 290,000 inhabitants, center, seat of the city government;
  • District Shuangluan (双滦区), km² 250, 100,000;
  • District Yingshouyingzi Mining District (鹰手营子矿区), km² 148, population 70,000;
  • Independent city of Pingquan (平泉 市), 3,297 km², 470,000 inhabitants, main town: Pingquan municipality (平 泉镇);
  • Chengde district (承德 县), 3,990 km², 470,000 inhabitants, capital: Xiabancheng municipality (下 板 城镇);
  • Xinglong district (兴隆 县), 3,116 km², 320,000 inhabitants, capital: Xinglong municipality (兴隆 镇);
  • Luanping district (滦平县), 3,195 km², 320,000 inhabitants, capital: Luanping municipality (滦平 镇);
  • Longhua County (隆化县), 5,474 km², 420,000 inhabitants, capital: Longhua Township (隆 化 镇);
  • Fengning der Manju Autonomous County (丰宁 满族 自治县), 8,747 km², 380,000 inhabitants, main town: Dage municipality (大 阁 镇);
  • Kuancheng Autonomous County of Manju (宽城 满族 自治县), 1,933 km², 230,000 inhabitants, capital: Kuancheng Municipality (宽 城镇);
  • Weichang Autonomous District of the Manju and Mongols (围场 满族 蒙古族 自治县), 9,058 km², 520,000 inhabitants, main town: Weichang Municipality (围场 镇).

Town twinning

literature

  • Hedin, Sven: Jehol, the imperial city . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig (1932)
  • Montell, Gösta: The Lama Temple Potala of Jehol. Plan of the Monastery Ground. In: Geografiska Annaler , Volume 17, Supplement: Hyllningsskrift Tillagnad Sven Hedin (1935), pp. 175-184. (Affects the Putuo Zongcheng temple complex near Chengde)
  • Hedin, Sven + Bergman, Folke: History of the expedition in Asia 1927-1935 , in: Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The sino-swedish expedition. Publication 24: Part II 1928-1933. Stockholm 1943-1945. ( Sven Hedin's text about Jehol, pp. 121ff. And the construction of the copy of the Golden Temple in Cihangpudu in Putuo Zongcheng near Chengde at the World Exhibition in Chicago 1933-1934, pp. 184ff.. For more information, see Sino-Swedish Expedition .)
  • Montell, Gösta, Hedin, Sven: The chinese lama temple Potala of Jehol. Exhibition of historical and ethnographical collections. Made by Dr. Gösta Montell, member of Dr. Sven Hedin's Expeditions, and donated by Vincent Bendix. Chicago: Century of Progress Exposition 1932 (World's Fair 1933/1934).
  • Erich Haenisch : The four-lingual founding inscription of the An-yüan-miao temple in Jehol from the year 1765 (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences and Literature. Humanities and social science class. Born 1950, Volume 15). Verlag der Wissenschaft und der Literatur in Mainz (commissioned by Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden).

Web links

Commons : Chengde  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 40 ° 58 '  N , 117 ° 56'  E