Klein-Oelsa

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Municipality Boxberg / OL
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 40 "  N , 14 ° 35 ′ 55"  E
Height : 133 m above sea level NN
Area : 2.54 km²
Residents : 148  (Dec 31, 2008)
Population density : 58 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1938
Incorporated into: Klitten
Postal code : 02943
Area code : 035895

Klein-Oelsa , Wolešnica in Upper Sorbian ? / i , is a district of the East Saxon community Boxberg / OL in the district of Görlitz . From 1936 to 1947 the place was called Ölbrück , then Klein Ölsa . The place is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia . Audio file / audio sample

geography

Klein-Oelsa is in the form of a street village south of Klitten . Expanded , scattered individual farms are located south of the closed town .

In the north, the Hoyerswerda – Horka railway separates Klein-Oelsa from Klitten, and in the south there is an extensive forest area of ​​the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve .

Surrounding villages are Jahmen in the northwest, Klitten in the north, Klein-Radisch in the east, Zimpel and Tauer in the southeast, and Kaschel in the west.

history

The oldest known find of human settlement in the Klein-Oelsa district is a cemetery made up of cremation graves from the Younger and Younger Bronze Age around 500 m north of the present day. To the west of the pond, archaeologists were able to detect racing fire furnaces from the Iron Age for iron smelting .

As Olsen paria , the place is first mentioned in 1419 in a Görlitz Rügen court protocol. The village is parish after Klitten, verifiable at least since the Reformation in 1555.

The manor Dürrbach is attested as the manorial estate for the year 1777.

On April 1, 1938, several communities in the Rothenburg district (Ob. Laus.) Are amalgamated , including Jahmen , Kaschel and Klein-Oelsa with Klitten.

In 1959 an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) is founded, which soon becomes a center for animal production in the Klitten area. After several expansions, almost 2500 stalls for cattle are reached around 1970.

In 2003, Klein-Oelsa, which is closely linked to Klitten, was converted to a district with local status. As a result of the merger of the communities Boxberg / OL and Klitten, Klein-Oelsa has been a district of Boxberg since February 1, 2009.

Population development

year Residents
1825 139
1863 172
1871 164
1885 141
1905 174
1925 166
1999 185
2002 174
2008 148

In 1777 six possessed men , five gardeners and nine cottagers were working in Klein-Oelsa .

From 139 inhabitants in 1825, the population increased to 172 in just under 40 years. Thereafter, a slight decrease in population can be observed up to the turn of the century, but this is followed by renewed growth.

Around 180 inhabitants are determined at the turn of the millennium.

In the 19th century the population was still predominantly Sorbian. In 1863, 154 of the 172 inhabitants were Sorbs, around 20 years later Arnošt Muka identified 135 Sorbs among the 140 inhabitants. This corresponds to a 90 percent Sorbian population in 1863 and a 96 percent share in 1884.

Place name

The name Ölsa or Oelsa is derived from the Old Slavic word for alder forest , so Klein-Oelsa is a settlement on or in an alder forest. In Meschgang's opinion, Klein-Oelsa is a name transfer from the southwestern street village of Ober-Oelsa, which is now officially known as Förstgen-Ost .

Forms of names include Olsen (1419), Olsenicz and Oelsen (1452), Kleinölßa (1792) and Klein-Oelsa (1900). Due to its Slavic origins, the place was renamed Ölbrück or Oelbrück in 1936 as a result of a Nazi-motivated Germanization policy . In the formal renaming in 1947, an updated spelling was chosen with Klein Ölsa . In 2003, when it was designated as a district, Klein-Oelsa was a traditional variant.

The Upper Sorbian name Wolešnica is identical to the Sorbian name of the place Oelsa near Löbau. In the earlier variants, Łoleschinske in 1835 was a strongly Germanized spelling with Ł . As early as 1848 the pronunciation of Woleschnitsa and in 1885 the spelling of the current name form with Wolešnica was mapped.

literature

  • Heiner Mitschke (Ed.): From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-929091-96-8 .
  • Robert Pohl: Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 234 ff . (included in the text Klitten ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klein-Oelsa in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ↑ a b From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , p. 276.
  3. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 117 .
  4. ^ Jan Meschgang: The place names of Upper Lusatia . 2nd Edition. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1979 (edited by Ernst Eichler ).
  5. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape  28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 213 .