Ł

Łł

Initial Ł

Upper and lower case letters, on the left in sans serif font (font: Neue Helvetica), on the right in serif font (font: Bodoni) (both recte )

The Ł (L with slash , small: ł ) is a letter in the Latin writing system . It occurs in Polish , Sorbian , Kashubian , Wilmesauric , Łacinka ( Belarusian ), Navajo (or Navaho) , Zuñi , the Hupa language , Chipewyan , Dogrib and Inupiaq . In the Venetian it appears in some orthographies(the standard spelling in use since 1995 uses the Ƚ / ƚ with a straight line). Some spellings that write Inuktitut kangilliunerusutut (Ostinuktitut) using the Latin writing system (alternatively, the Inuktitut syllabary ) use the letter "ł". This character first appeared in Polish texts in the 16th century.

Handwritten letters “ Ł ” and “ ł ”, which shows the placement of the slash in the Polish cursive version of the letters

Upper and lower case letter in recter and italic serif font and use of the capital letter in the Polish word for Bulgaria in recter serifs - majuscule

pronunciation

In Belarusian and in some Eastern Polish dialects, Ł is pronounced as “dark” or labialized L [ɫ] .

The letter “ Ł ” pronounced in Polish by a native Polish speaker

In Lower Sorbian , Upper Sorbian and Polish , Ł is a bilabial approximant [u̯] . It is thus similar in pronunciation to the English labiovelaren W [w], but in contrast to this it is not velarized .

In the Navajo language and Inuktitut , the letter Ł stands for the voiceless lateral alveolar fricative [ɬ] .

In Venetian it can be pronounced as l , e, or not at all. For example, ła góndoła can be pronounced either góndola , góndoea or góndoa .

Graphic tactics

In Polish, in contrast to almost all other accented letters, the letter ł occurs before vowel letters, but never before i .

Other use

As an abbreviation

In Latin manuscripts of the Middle Ages a lowercase letter l with stroke as abbreviation ( abbreviation ) for lat.  Vel "or" is used. The line can be horizontal or at an angle, so that when reproduced as a Unicode character, instead of the ł, the ƚ with a horizontal line (Unicode U + 019A latin small letter with bar ) can also be used.

As a currency symbol

The peer-to-peer - cryptocurrency Litecoin uses the letter Ł as currency symbol , currency abbreviations for Litecoin are LTC or XLT .

The currency symbol £ (currency symbol for pound sterling and other currencies) must be distinguished from the Latin capital letter L with a slash (Ł ).

Bumper sticker, the shape and design of which is based on the distinctive sign of the country of registration agreed by international agreements , with a "Ł" on it, which is not an officially agreed distinctive sign

Unofficially as a symbol of nationality

The letter is occasionally used as an unofficial symbol of nationality for the Sorbs , derived from the Sorbian name for Lusatia ( Upper Sorbian Łužica , Lower Sorbian Łužyca ).

Representation in computer systems

Letter Ł / ł

character	Unicode code point links to the Unicode block	Name / description	Decimal code	HTML entity	Latex	Keyboard entry with assignment E1
Ł	U + 0141 latin capital letter l with stroke	Latin capital letter L with slash	0321	& Lstrok;	\L	- L
ł	U + 0142 latin small letter l with stroke	Latin Small Letter L with Slash	0322	& lstrok;	\l	- l

The characters Ł / ł are also contained in the following 8-bit character sets :

• ISO / IEC 8859-2 Latin-2 (Central European) at positions A3 _hex / B3 _hex ,
• ISO / IEC 8859-13 Latin-7 (Baltic) at positions D9 _hex / F9 _hex ,
• ISO / IEC 8859-16 Latin-10 (Southeast European) at positions A3 _hex / B3 _hex .

Web links

Commons : Ł  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: ł  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikibooks: the letter Ł in the Polish-German Dictionary  - Learning and Teaching Materials

Wikibooks: How to pronounce Polish  - learning and teaching materials

• Adam Twardoch: Kreska ukośna  - Stroke . In: Polish Diacritics how to? on twardoch.com at twardoch.net . Adam Twardoch (English; detailed information on the typographically correct representation of the slash in fonts  - whereby the design of the L with a slash in italic fonts is based on the design of the cursive variant of this letter used in Poland or for the Polish language, which is based in other countries or other languages ​​may differ -; the author is Product and Marketing Manager at Fontlab  Ltd. and board member of the Association Typographique Internationale ).
• Polish pronunciation of the letter Ł or ł (mp3 file), explanations of the pronunciation of the Polish alphabet in English and pronunciation of the Polish word mały (German small ) as an example (mp3 file), in polish-translators.com from Sadowska Languages

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Grafia Veneta Unitaria. Giunta Regional de Veneto, 1995, archived from the original on May 20, 2014 ; accessed on January 29, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Mick Mallon: Introductory Inuktitut . Linguistic Programs, Victoria 1991 (English; two-volume work). Quoted from Elke Nowak: Introduction to Inuktitut . May 2002, p. 9 (German). In: ifi.uzh.ch . Institute for Computer Science (IfI) at the University of Zurich (UHZ), accessed and received on May 20, 2016 (PDF file; 602 KiB).
3. ↑ W3C ( World Wide Web Consortium ): Character entity references in HTML 4
4. ↑ Scott Pakin: The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List. (PDF, 8.7 MB) January 19, 2017, archived from the original on September 28, 2017 ; Retrieved on September 28, 2017 (English, linking the original results in a mirror of CTAN , the archive link compare file: Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol list.pdf ).