Łacinka

Cyrillic ( Belarusian )
	Лацінка
Łacinka :	Łacinka
Transl. :	Lacinka
Transcr. :	Lazinka

Łacinka , the Belarusian Latin alphabet , has been used alongside the Cyrillic alphabet for Belarusian since the 17th century and was at times also used as the official alphabet.

comparison

The Łacinka is based on similar principles as the Polish (Ł, Ń, Ź, Ś, Ć, Ch), Czech (Ž, Š, Č, V), Lithuanian alphabet etc. a .:

Cyrillic Łacinka comment А а A a Б б B b В в V v Г г H h Ґ ґ G g Д д D d Е е Ever ever ie after consonant e after л Ё ё Yo yo ok after consonant O after л Ж ж Ž ž З з Z z Ź ź before ь І і I i alternatively ji after vowel Й й J j К к K k Л л L l soft, before ь, я, е, и, ё, ю Ł ł hard in all other cases М м M m Н н N n Ń ń before ь О о O o

Cyrillic Łacinka comment П п P p Р р R r С с S s Ś ś before ь Т т T t У у U u Ў ў Ŭ ŭ Ф ф F f Х х Ch ch Ц ц C c Ć ć before ь Ч ч Č č Ш ш Š š Ы ы Y y Ь ь Palatalization j before vowels Э э E e Ю ю Ju ju iu after consonant u after л Я я Yes / Yes ia after consonant a after л

history

The use of the respective script was related to the religious affiliation of the Belarusian people. The Belarusian people have been Orthodox since the times of the Kievan Rus and used the Cyrillic alphabet typical of the Old East Slavonic, which goes back to the Orthodox Slav apostles Cyril and Method . With the forced missioning of the western Belarusian areas under Polish rule to Catholicism , the first documents of the Belarusian language written in Latin were published (see also History of Belarus ). The first works of modern Belarusian literature and the first Belarusian magazines also appeared in Latin script in the 19th century. Many features that are typical of modern Belarusian Cyrillic orthography first appeared in the Łacinka (consistent phonetic spelling, the letter ŭ / ў, etc.).

Book by Jan Barščeŭski , Vilnius 1911

With the spread of the Russian language and thus the Cyrillic alphabet, Belarusian journalists partly switched back to the Cyrillic alphabet at the beginning of the 20th century.

In the 1920s and 1930s, there was heated discussion in Belarusian philological circles about a possible switch to the Latin alphabet. The discussion was ended by the communist repression and the Soviet russification policy - the use of the Łacinka was designated as counterrevolutionary and prohibited in the Soviet Republic of Belarus . The Latin alphabet remained in use in what was then Polish western Belarus (until the forced unification with the Soviet Republic as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact in 1939), as well as among emigrants in the USA , Canada , Australia , etc.

Łacinka today

Today the Łacinka is mainly used by active Belarusian speakers, especially on the Internet.

An official system for transcribing Belarusian names, very close to Łacinka, was introduced on November 23, 2000 by the State Committee for Land, Geodesy and Cartography . The main difference is in the application of the rule of rendering the softness of consonants to the letter Ll : as with Nn - Ńń , Cc - Ćć , ль is also represented by Ĺĺ . In front of vowels, this sound is represented by the two-letter combination Li (as with ni , ci etc.). The letter Łł is missing in the official system and has been replaced by a simple Ll .

However, this official system only returned to public awareness in 2012 with new signposts and signs for the Minsk Metro.

example

Mahutny Boža , a religious hymn from Belarus (text: Natalla Arseńnieva, music: Mikola Ravenski)

Cyrilliza : Магутны Божа Магутны Божа! Ўладар сусьветаў, Вялікіх сонцаў і сэрц малых! Над Беларусяй, ціхай і ветлай, Рассып праменьні свае хвалы. Дай спор у працы штодзённай, шэрай, На лусту хлеба, на родны край, Павагу, сілу і веліч веры У нашу праўду, у прышласьць - дай! Дай урадлівасьць жытнёвым нівам, Учынкам нашым пашлі ўмалот! Зрабі магутнай, зрабі шчасьлівай Краіну нашу і наш народ!

Łacinka : Mahutny Boža Mahutny Boža! Ŭładar suśvietaŭ, Vialikich soncaŭ i serc małych! Nad Biełarusiaj cichaj i vietłaj Breed type pramieńni svaje chvały. Daj spor u pracy štodzionnaj šeraj, Na łustu chleba, na rodny kraj, Pavahu, siłu i vielič viery U našu praŭdu, u pryšłaść - daj! Daj uradlivaść žytniovym nivam, Učynkam našym pašli ŭmałot! Zrabi mahutnaj, zrabi ščaślivaj Krainu našu i naš narod!

Commons : Belarusian Latin alphabet  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Web links

• Wiki
• Belarusian “Lacinka” (English)
• Keyboard Lithuaniae 1009–2009 i Litwinska-biełaruskaja lacinskaja abeceda (Belarusian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ with double "л" the position of the second determines the transcription of both consonants, e.g. B. Ната лля = Nata lla .