Czech alphabet
The Czech alphabet for spelling the Czech language is based on the Latin alphabet and consists of 42 letters . The 26 basic letters are separated by 15 letters with diacritical marks - such as B. the Hatschek (Czech for tick ) - and the digraph ch expanded.
| Capital letter | A. | Á | B. | C. | Č | D. | Ď | E. | É | Ě | F. | G | H | Ch | I. | Í | J | K | L. | M. | N | Ň | O | O | P | Q | R. | Ř | S. | Š | T | Ť | U | Ú | Ů | V | W. | X | Y | Ý | Z | Ž |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lowercase letters | a | á | b | c | č | d | ď | e | é | ě | f | G | H | ch | i | í | j | k | l | m | n | ň | O | O | p | q | r | ř | s | š | t | ť | u | ú | ů | v | w | x | y | ý | z | ž |
The letters Ó, Q, W and X only appear in foreign words . E, U and Ý never stand on letters, so the capital letters are only majuscule needed.
history
The current Czech alphabet with diacritical spelling goes back to the 15th century work Orthographia Bohemica, ascribed to Jan Hus . Previously, the sounds for which there was no equivalent in the Latin alphabet were reproduced ambiguously or with digraphs .
The Czech alphabet served as a model for the Slovenian , Croatian ( Ljudevit Gaj ), Sorbian and Slovak alphabet .
Letters
The alphabet is based on the phonematic principle , which means that almost every sound corresponds to a character.
Letter IPA designation Spelling board A a / a / á Adam Á á / aː / dlouhé ("long") á A s čárkou ("with Čárka ") B b / b / bé Božena C c / ts / cé Cyril Č č / tʃ / čé Čeněk D d / d / dé David Ď ď / ɟ / ďé Ďáblice E e / ɛ / é Emil É é / ɛː / dlouhé é E s čárkou Ě ě / ɛ /, / jɛ / ije E s háčkem ("with Háček ") F f / f / ef František G g / ɡ / gé Gustav H h / ɦ / Ha Helena Ch ch / x / chá Chrudim I i / ɪ / í Ivan Í í / iː / dlouhé í I s čárkou J j / y / jé Joseph K k / k / ká Karel L l / l / el Ludvík M m / m / em Marie N n / n / en Norbert Ň ň / ɲ / eň Nina O o /O/ O Otakar Ó ó /O/ dlouhé ó O s čárkou P p / p / pé Petr Q q / kv / kvé Quido R r / r / he Rudolf Ř ř / r̝ / he Řehoř S s / s / it Svatopluk Š š / ʃ / it Simon T t / t / té Tomáš Ť ť / c / ťé Těšnov U u / u / ú Urban Ú ú / uː / dlouhé ú U s čárkou Ů ů / uː / ů s kroužkem ("with Kroužek ") U s kroužkem V v / v / vé Václav W w / v / dvojité ("double") vé Dvojité V X x / ks / iks Xaver Y y / ɪ / ypsilon Ypsilon Ý ý / iː / dlouhé ypsilon Y s čárkou Z z / z / zet Zuzana Ž ž / ʒ / žet Žofie
Sorting
In dictionaries it is sorted as follows:
- ABC Č DEFGH Ch IJKLMNOPQR Ř S Š TUVWXYZ Ž
The digraph Ch is regarded as a letter and comes after H. Č, Ř, Š and Ž are also sorted independently. Á, Ď, É, Ě, Í, Ň, Ó, Ť, Ú, Ů and Ý are treated like the letters without a diacritical mark. If two words are otherwise identical, letters with diacritics are placed after them.
Letter frequency
In Czech texts, the vowel O is the most common, followed by E. The most common consonant is N.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alphabetical sorting - Institute for the Czech Language, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Czech)