Slovak alphabet
The Slovak alphabet ( Slovak slovenská abeceda ) is a variant of the Latin alphabet used to write Slovak . It contains a total of 46 letters , with three on digraphs (dz, dž, ch) and 17 on letters with diacritics ( Akut (Slovak dĺžeň ), Hatschek (Slovak mäkčeň ), umlaut (Slovak dve bodky or prehláska ) and circumflex (Slovak vokáň )) are omitted.
The alphabet
The upper and lower case letters and their order are given in the following table.
| Capital letter | A. | Á | Ä | B. | C. | Č | D. | Ď | Dz | Dž | E. | É | F. | G | H | Ch | I. | Í | J | K | L. | Ĺ | Ľ | M. | N | Ň | O | O | O | P | Q | R. | Ŕ | S. | Š | T | Ť | U | Ú | V | W. | X | Y | Ý | Z | Ž |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lowercase letters | a | á | Ä | b | c | č | d | ď | dz | dž | e | é | f | G | H | ch | i | í | j | k | l | ĺ | ľ | m | n | ň | O | O | O | p | q | r | ŕ | s | š | t | ť | u | ú | v | w | x | y | ý | z | ž |
The umlauts Ö and Ü are not part of the Slovak alphabet, but come e.g. B. in proper names. The consonants Q, W and X are only contained in foreign words.
Names and pronunciation of the letters
The names of the letters were taken from the standardization text Pravidlá slovenského pravopisu (2000) (comparable to the German spelling dictionary ), followed by an alternative where available. The sound value according to the IPA is also given for each sound .
Vowels
| Letter | Surname | old. | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| A a | a | á | / a / |
| Á á | á | dlhé a | / aː / |
| Ä Ä | široké e | as dvoma bodkami | / æ /, / ɛ / |
| E e | e | é | / e /, / ɛ / |
| É é | é | dlhé é | / eː /, / ɛː / |
| I i | i | í; mäkké í | / i / |
| Í í | í | dlhé í | / iː / |
| O o | O | O | / o /, / ɔ / |
| Ó ó | O | dlhé ó | / oː /, / ɔː / |
| Ô ô | uo | - | / uo / |
| U u | u | ú | / u / |
| Ú ú | ú | dlhé ú | / uː / |
| Y y | ypsilon | tvrdé y | / i / |
| Ý ý | dlhý ypsilon | - | / iː / |
Unlike in German, the consonants L and R in Slovak can form syllables (that is, they function like vowels), Ĺ and Ŕ always are.
Consonants
| Letter | Surname | old. | IPA | Letter | Surname | old. | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B b | bé | - | / b / | M m | em | - | / m / |
| C c | cé | - | / t͡s / | N n | en | - | / n / |
| Č č | čé | - | / t͡ʃ / | Ň ň | eň | mäkké en | / ɲ / |
| D d | dé | - | / d / | P p | pé | - | / p / |
| Ď ď | ďe | mäkké dé | / ɟ / | Q q | kvé | - | / kv / |
| Dz dz | dzé | - | / d͡z / | R r | he | - | / r / |
| Dž dž | džé | - | / d͡ʒ / | Ŕ ŕ | dlhé he | - | / rː / |
| F f | ef | - | / f / | S s | it | - | / s / |
| G g | gé | - | / ɡ / | Š š | it | - | / ʃ / |
| H h | Ha | - | / ɦ / | T t | té | - | / t / |
| Ch ch | chá | - | / x / | Ť ť | ťe | mäkké té | / c / |
| J j | jé | - | / y / | V v | vé | - | / v / |
| K k | ká | - | / k / | W w | dvojité vé | - | / v / |
| L l | el | - | / l / | X x | iks | - | / ks / |
| Ĺ ĺ | dlhé el | - | / lː / | Z z | zé | zet | / z / |
| Ľ ľ | eľ | mäkké el | / ʎ / | Ž ž | žé | žet | / ʒ / |
Diphthongs
In addition to the vowel ô, ia, ie, iu belong to the diphthongs .
Web links
- Online edition of the standardization text Pravidlá slovenského pravopisu 2000 (Slovak; PDF; 803 kB)