List of Latin alphabets

Latin alphabets are variants of the Latin alphabet . They are and have been used in many written languages ​​around the world and mostly named after the respective language. The following tables provide an overview.

Use of the letters of the basic alphabet

Basic Latin alphabet	A a	B b	C c	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	L l	M m	N n	O o	P p	Q q	R r	S s	T t	U u	V v	W w	X x	Y y	Z z
Latin	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.			L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T		V		X
Afrikaans	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Åland	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Albanian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V		X	Y	Z
Azerbaijani	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V		X	Y	Z
Basque	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.		K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V		X	Y	Z
Bosnian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Chinese	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U		W.	X	Y	Z
Danish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
German	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
English	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Esperanto	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Estonian	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Faroese	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y
Filipino	A.	B.		D.	E.		G	H	I.		K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y
Finnish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Flemish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V	W.			Z
Graubünden Romance	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J		L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V		X		Z
French	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Frisian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y
Gagauz	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Hawaiian	A.				E.			H	I.		K	L.	M.	N	O	P					U		W.
Irish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.			L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U
Icelandic	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V		X	Y
Italian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.			L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Japanese (Rōmaji)	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K		M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V	W.		Y	Z
Kashubian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y	Z
Catalan	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Croatian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Kurdish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Kurmanji	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Latvian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Lithuanian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Luxembourgish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Maltese	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X		Z
Dutch	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Norwegian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Polish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y	Z
Portuguese	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Romanian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J		L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V		X		Z
Schemeitic	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Scottish (Gaelic)	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.			L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U
Swedish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Slovenian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Sorbian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y	Z
Spanish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Czech	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Chechen	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Turkish	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z
Turkmen	A.	B.		D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y	Z
Hungarian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V				Z
Vietnamese	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.		G	H	I.		K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V		X	Y
Welsh	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J		L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U		W.		Y
Walloon	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z
Belarusian	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O	P		R.	S.	T	U	V			Y	Z

• Afrikaans , Danish , German , English , Finnish , French , Catalan , Kurdish , Luxembourgish , Dutch , Norwegian , Portuguese , Swedish , Slovak , Spanish and Walloon all use 26 letters.
• In Finnish, b and f only occur in loan words, c, q, w, x, z and å ("Swedish" o) are very rare and only occur in foreign words.
• In Spanish, w occurs only in foreign words and k only in exceptional cases.
• In the Chinese were older than the currently used Pinyin system instead of q or (x [tɕʰ] or [ɕ] before [i / i] or [Y / Y] ) letters or combinations of letters such k, c, ch ' ts ', k', tj or hs, sh, s, h, sch etc. are used. Even the letters b, d, g, j, z, which today stand for unaspirated plosives and fricatives , did not appear in many systems, but became apostrophes or h after p, t, k, ch / tch / ch when the aspiration symbol was omitted , ts or similar .

In many of the languages ​​listed above, the "missing" letters are used for native words of foreign language origin and their descendants (e.g. newtoniano in Italian and Portuguese) or for SI units (e.g. W and H ). Serbian is an exception: the letters q, w, x and y do not appear at all. Proper names are always adapted to Serbian. So you write Nyutn instead of Newton and Marks instead of Marx . The reason is that the Serbian language in characteristic form both Latin and Cyrillic can be written and the letters be transferred 1: 1 can (only the digraphs dž , lj and nj corresponds to a single Cyrillic characters).

Extensions

Letters derived from A to I.

Derived Latin letters, A – I

alphabet	À à	Á á	Â â	Ã ã	Ä Ä	Å å	Æ æ	Ā ā	Ă ă	Ą ą	Ç ç	Ć ć	Ĉ ĉ	Ċ ċ	Č č	Ʒ ʒ	Ǯ ǯ	Đ ð	Ď ď	Đ đ	È è	É é	Ê ê	Ë ë	Ē ē	Ė ė	Ė̄ ė̄	Ę ę	Ě ě	Ə ə	Ĝ ĝ	Ğ ğ	Ġ ġ	Ģ ģ	Ǥ ǥ	Ǧ ǧ	Ĥ ĥ	Ħ ħ	Ì ì	Í í	Î î	Ï ï	Ī ī	Į į	İ i	I ı
Latin							Æ
Åland					Ä	Å
Albanian											Ç													Ë
Azerbaijani											Ç																			Ə		G													İ	ı
Bosnian												Ć			Č					Đ
Danish						Å	Æ
German					Ä
Esperanto													Ĉ																		G						H
Estonian					Ä
Faroese		Á					Æ											Ð																						Í
Filipino
Finnish					Ä	Å
Flemish					Ä																			Ë																		Ï
French	À		Â				Æ				Ç										È	É	Ê	Ë																	Î	Ï
Frisian					Ä	Å
Gagauz					Ä						Ç																																		İ	ı
Hawaiian								Ā																	Ē																		Ī
Irish		Á																				É																		Í
Icelandic		Á					Æ											Ð				É																		Í
Italian	À																				È	É																	Ì
Japanese (Rōmaji)								Ā																	Ē																		Ī
Kashubian				Ã						Ą												É		Ë
Catalan	À										Ç										È	É																		Í		Ï
Croatian												Ć			Č					Đ
Kurdish											Ç												Ê																		Î
Latvian								Ā							Č										Ē									G									Ī
Lithuanian										Ą					Č											Ė		Ę																Į
Luxembourgish					Ä																	É		Ë
Maltese														Ċ																			G					H
Dutch					Ä																	É		Ë																		Ï
Norwegian						Å	Æ
Polish										Ą		Ć																Ę
Portuguese	À	Á	Â	Ã							Ç											É	Ê																	Í
Romanian			Â						Ă																																Î
(Northern) Sami		Á													Č					Đ
(Skolt) Sami			Â												Č	Ʒ	Ǯ			Đ															Ǥ	Ǧ
Schemeitic								Ā							Č										Ē	Ė	Ė̄																Ī
Scottish (Gaelic)	À																				È																		Ì
Swedish					Ä	Å
Slovak		Á			Ä										Č				Ď			É																		Í
Slovenian															Č
Sorbian												Ć			Č														Ě
Spanish		Á																				É																		Í
Czech		Á													Č				Ď			É							Ě											Í
Chechen			Â		Ä	Å						Ć			Č					Đ
Turkish			Â								Ç																					G													İ	ı
Turkmen					Ä						Ç
Hungarian		Á																				É																		Í
Vietnamese			Â						Ă											Đ			Ê
Welsh			Â																				Ê																		Î	Ï
Walloon			Â			Å					Ç										È	É	Ê																		Î
Belarusian												Ć			Č

Letters derived from J to Z.

Derived Latin letters, J – Z

alphabet	Ĵ ĵ	Ķ ķ	Ǩ ǩ	Ĺ ĺ	Ļ ļ	Ľ ľ	Ł ł	Ñ ñ	Ń ń	Ņ ņ	Ň ň	Ŋ ŋ	Ò ò	Ó ó	Ô ô	Õ õ	Ö ö	Ō ō	Ø ø	Ő ő	Œ œ	Ơ ơ	Ŕ ŕ	Ř ř	ẞ ß	Ś ś	Ŝ ŝ	Ş ş	Ș ș	Š š	Þ þ	Ţ ţ	Ț ț	Ť ť	Ŧ ŧ	Ù ù	Ú ú	Û û	Ü ü	Ū ū	Ŭ ŭ	Ů ů	Ű ű	Ų ų	Ư ư	Ŵ ŵ	Ÿ ÿ	Ý ý	Ŷ ŷ	Ź ź	Ż ż	Ž ž
Latin																					Œ
Åland																	Ö
Albanian
Azerbaijani																	Ö											Ş											Ü
Bosnian																														Š																						Ž
Danish																			O
German																	Ö								ẞ														Ü
Esperanto	Ĵ																										Ŝ														Ŭ
Estonian																O	Ö													Š									Ü													Ž
Faroese														O					O																		Ú											Ý
Filipino								Ñ
Finnish																	Ö
Flemish																	Ö																						Ü
French															O						Œ															Ù		Û	Ü								Ÿ
Frisian																	Ö																						Ü
Gagauz																	Ö											Ş				Ţ							Ü
Hawaiian																		O																						Ū
Irish														O																							Ú
Icelandic														O			Ö														Þ						Ú											Ý
Italian													O																							Ù
Japanese (Rōmaji)																		O																						Ū
Kashubian							Ł		Ń				O	O	O																					Ù															Ż
Catalan													O	O																							Ú		Ü
Croatian																														Š																						Ž
Kurdish																												Ş										Û
Latvian		Ķ			Ļ					Ņ																				Š										Ū												Ž
Lithuanian																														Š										Ū				Ų								Ž
Luxembourgish																	Ö																						Ü
Maltese																																																			Ż
Dutch																	Ö																						Ü
Norwegian																			O
Polish							Ł		Ń					O												Ś																								Ź	Ż
Portuguese														O	O	O																					Ú		Ü
Romanian																													Ș				Ț
(Northern) Sami												Ŋ																		Š					Ŧ																	Ž
(Skolt) Sami			Ǩ									Ŋ				O														Š																						Ž
Schemeitic																		O												Š										Ū												Ž
Scottish (Gaelic)													O																							Ù
Swedish																	Ö
Slovak				Ĺ		Ľ					Ň			O	O								Ŕ							Š				Ť			Ú											Ý				Ž
Slovenian																														Š																						Ž
Sorbian							Ł		Ń					O									Ŕ	Ř		Ś				Š																				Ź		Ž
Spanish								Ñ						O																							Ú		Ü
Czech											Ň			O										Ř						Š				Ť			Ú					Ů						Ý				Ž
Chechen																	Ö													Š									Ü													Ž
Turkish																	Ö											Ş											Ü
Turkmen											Ň						Ö											Ş											Ü									Ý				Ž
Hungarian														O			Ö			O																	Ú		Ü				Ű
Vietnamese															O							O																							Ư
Welsh															O																															Ŵ	Ÿ		Ŷ
Walloon															O																							Û
Belarusian							Ł		Ń																	Ś				Š											Ŭ									Ź		Ž

Remarks

1. ↑ In many languages ​​there used to be two graphic variants of the letter s, the long s (ſ) and the final s.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} The letters J , W and U (or the distinction between I and J , U and V and W and VV ) were added to the Latin alphabet in the Middle Ages, as were the digraphs Æ and Œ and all minuscules . K was replaced by C in classical Latin and could only be preserved in the word Kalendae (= beginning of the month). Only when non-Romance languages ​​were written using the Latin alphabet did K and Y , e.g. B. Eurystheus again a larger area of ​​application.
3. ↑ See the individual systems listed in the article List of transcription systems for the Chinese languages as well as the comparison tables listed there in the web links section .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Åland also uses the digraph ch ; and the trigraph : sch .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Albanian also uses the digraphs dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh .
6. ↑ ^{a b} German also uses the digraphs ch, ck, sp, st and the trigraph : sch . Q occurs only in the string qu , y only (and x almost only) in foreign words.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Filipino also uses the digraphs ng, ll .
8. ↑ ^{a b} French also uses the digraphs ch, gn, gu, ll, qu .
9. ↑ ^{a b} In Hawaiian, the voiceless glottal plosive is rendered with the sign ʻOkina . Marking the length of the vowels with a macron is called kahakō .
10. ↑ ^{a b} Irish used the dot diacritics ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ḟ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ . They have since been replaced by the digraphs bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th .
11. ↑ ^{a b} Italian also uses the digraphs ch, gh, gn, gl, sc .
12. ↑ ^{a b} In Japanese, the length of the vowels is marked with a macron .
13. ↑ ^{a b} Catalan also uses the digraphs ll, ny, l·l (ŀl), rr, ss, dz, tz, ig, ix, gu, qu, nc .
14. ↑ ^{a b} Croatian also uses the dž, lj, nj digraphs . The four accent marks above the vowels are optional. The Serbian variant of the Cyrillic alphabet can be mapped 1: 1 to the Croatian variant of Latin.
15. ↑ ^{a b} Lithuanian also uses the digraphs ch, dz, dž, ie, uo . But they are not their own letters.
16. ↑ ^{a b} Maltese also uses the digraphs ie, għ .
17. ↑ ^{a b} Dutch also uses the digraphs au, ch, ei, eu, ie, ij, oe, ou, sj, tj, ui as well as doubles of almost all vowels and consonants. Of these, only ij is treated as a single letter whose capitalization at the beginning of the sentence or name is IJ and not Ij .
18. ↑ ^{a b} Norwegian also uses the digraphs gj, hj, hv, kj, sj, sk, tj and the trigraph : skj .
19. ↑ ^{a b} Polish also uses the digraphs ch, cz, dz, dż, dź, sz, rz .
20. ↑ ^{a b} Portuguese also uses the digraphs ch, lh, nh, qu, sc, xc, ss, rr .
21. ↑ ^{a b} Slovak also uses the digraphs dz, dž, ch .
22. ↑ ^{a b} Spanish also uses the digraphs ch, ll, rr . The previously used C with cedilla ç has been completely replaced by z .
23. ↑ ^{a b} Czech also uses the digraph ch .
24. ↑ In Turkish, the letters â, î, û are also used unofficially.
25. ↑ ^{a b} Hungarian also uses the digraphs cs, dz, gy, ly, ny, sz, ty, zs ; and the trigraph : dzs .
26. ↑ ^{a b} Vietnamese uses pitch markings above (or below) all vowels ( a, â, ă, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y ), z. E.g .: à, ầ, ằ, è, ề, ì, ò, ồ, ờ, ù, ừ, ỳ; ả, ẩ, ẳ, ẻ, ể, ỉ, ỏ, ổ, ở, ủ, ử, ỷ; ã, ẵ, ẫ, ẽ, ễ, ĩ, õ, ỗ, ỡ, ũ, ữ, ỹ; á, ấ, ắ, é, ế, í, ó, ố, ớ, ú, ứ, ý; ạ, ặ, ậ, ẹ, ệ, ị, ọ, ộ, ợ, ụ, ự, ỵ . It also uses the digraphs ch, gi, kh, ng, nh, ph, th, tr .
27. ↑ ^{a b} Welsh also uses the digraphs : ch, dd, ff, ng, ll, ph, rh, th and sometimes acute accents over the seven vowels ( a, e, i, o, u, w, y ); ñ is often written ng .
28. ↑ ^{a b} Walloon also uses the di- and trigraphs : ae, ch, dj, ea, jh, oe, oen, oi, sch, sh, tch, xh ; the letter x occurs only in the digraph xh , j almost only in dj and jh .
29. ↑ ^{a b} Belarusian (Łacinka) also uses the digraphs dz, dź, dž .

Other alphabets based on the Latin alphabet

• Africa alphabet , Pannigerian alphabet
• Turkish Latin alphabet , Turkic languages
• Basque alphabet , similar to the Catalan alphabet
• Serbian alphabet , similar to the Croatian alphabet
• Tatar alphabet , similar to the Turkish alphabet
• Zulu alphabet
• Japanese alphabet (Rōmaji) and various other transcriptions and transliterations
• International Phonetic Alphabet
• "1337" alphabet

Web links

• Michael Everson : Alphabets of Europe
• Letter database of the Estonian Standardization Institute