Turkmen alphabet

The Turkmen alphabet is the alphabet of the Turkmen language . In Turkmenistan today only the Latin alphabet is officially valid.

history

Turkmen became a written language late. Before that, the national lingua franca such as Chagatai served as the written language. It was not until the 18th century that the Turkmen language received its own alphabet based on the Arabic script .

When the Soviet Union came into being, a Latin alphabet was first developed for the Turkmens in 1926. Eleven years later, like all Turkic language alphabets in the Soviet Union, it was replaced by an alphabet based on Cyrillic. This alphabet lasted until independence in 1991.

After Turkmenistan became independent, a new alphabet based on Latin was introduced. This differs significantly from the alphabet of the neighboring Uzbeks or the alphabet of the Turkish language and uses symbols that are not used by other Turkic-speaking peoples, such as the Ň or the Ý . The Arabic alphabet is only used sporadically in Afghanistan .

alphabet

#	IPA	Latin	Cyrillic
1	/ a /	A a	А а
2	/ b /	B b	Б б
3	/ tʃ /	Ç ç	Ч ч
4th	/ d /	D d	Д д
5	/ e /	E e	Е е
6th	/ æ /	Ä Ä	Ә ә
7th	/ ɸ /	F f	Ф ф
8th	/ ɡ /	G g	Г г
9	/ h /	H h	Х х
10	/ i /	I i	И и
11	/ dʒ /	J j	Җ җ
12	/ ʒ /	Ž ž	Ж ж
13	/ k /	K k	К к
14th	/ l /	L l	Л л
15th	/ m /	M m	М м
16	/ n /	N n	Н н
17th	/ ŋ /	Ň ň	Ң ң
18th	/ o /	O o	О о
19th	/ ø /	Ö ö	Ө ө
20th	/ p /	P p	П п
21st	/ r /	R r	Р р
22nd	/ θ /	S s	С с
23	/ ʃ /	Ş ş	Ш ш
24	/ t /	T t	Т т
25th	/ u /	U u	У у
26th	/ y /	Ü ü	Ү ү
27	/ β /	W w	В в
28	/ ɯ /	Y y	Ы ы
29	/ y /	Ý ý	Й й
30th	/ ð /	Z z	З з
31	/ jo /	-	Ё ё
32	/ tθ /	-	Ц ц
33	/ ʃtʃ /	-	Щ щ
34	-	-	Ъ ъ
35	-	-	Ь ь
36	/ e /	-	Э э
37	/ ju /	-	Ю ю
38	/ yes /	-	Я я

The latter letters are only used in Russian loan words.