Africa alphabet

The Africa alphabet is a character set based on the Latin script used to write African languages.

The concept of this character set was introduced in 1928 by the Africanist Diedrich Westermann in London. It should be suitable for scientific purposes as well as for everyday use. A revised version was presented in 1930 by the Institute of African Languages ​​and Cultures under the name Practical Orthography of African Languages . The Latin alphabet was expanded by ten characters from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and new uppercase letters (capital letters) were developed for this purpose.

The African alphabet has been continuously developed to become the African reference alphabet (1978 and 1982). The additional letters are included in Unicode and are therefore increasingly available. The Africa alphabet is particularly popular in West Africa.

A font family for most and most frequently used letters in the alphabet are the Africa fc fonts .

alphabet

Inventory Africa alphabet

Letter				BJ	BF	CM	CF	TD	CG	CD	GH	GN	CI	KE	LR	ML	MZ	NE	NG	SN	SL	SD	TG	Basement
ʼ	U + 02BC			ʼ	ʼ	ʼ				ʼ	ʼ	ʼ				ʼ		ʼ	ʼ	ʼ		ʼ		ʼ
ǎ	U + 01CE	Ǎ	U + 01CD															ǎ
ă	U + 0103	Ă	U + 0102													ă
ạ	U + 1EA1	Ạ	U + 1EA0																ạ
ɑ	U + 0251	Ɑ	U + 2C6D			ɑ
à	U + 00E0	À	U + 00C0																	à
Ä	U + 00E4	Ä	U + 00C4										Ä											Ä
-	U + 0101	Ā	U + 0100											-					-
ḅ	U + 1E05	Ḅ	U + 1E04													ḅ			ḅ
ɓ	U + 0253	Ɓ	U + 0181	ɓ	ɓ	ɓ						ɓ			ɓ	ɓ		ɓ	ɓ	ɓ
ć	U + 0107	Ć	U + 0106																	ć
č	U + 010D	Č	U + 010C												č
ḏ	U + 1E0F	Ḏ	U + 1E0E																			ḏ
ḍ	U + 1E0D	Ḍ	U + 1E0C													ḍ		ḍ	ḍ
ɖ	U + 0256	Ɖ	U + 0189	ɖ											ɖ			ɖ					ɖ
ɗ	U + 0257	Ɗ	U + 018A	ɗ	ɗ	ɗ						ɗ				ɗ			ɗ	ɗ
é	U + 00E9	É	U + 00C9																	é
ē	U + 0113	Ē	U + 0112											ē
ɛ	U + 025B	Ɛ	U + 0190	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ		ɛ	ɛ			ɛ		ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ
ẹ	U + 1EB9	Ẹ	U + 1EB8					ẹ											ẹ
ë	U + 00EB	Ë	U + 00CB										ë	ë						ë		ë
ə	U + 01DD	Ǝ	U + 018E	ə	ə	ə		ə				ə				ə		ə	ə		ə
ƒ	U + 0192	Ƒ	U + 0191	ƒ																			ƒ
ɠ	U + 0260	Ɠ	U + 0193									ɠ
ɣ	U + 0263	Ɣ	U + 0194	ɣ											ɣ	ɣ		ɣ					ɣ
ɦ	U + 0266				ɦ
H	U + 1E25	H	U + 1E24													H			H
ĩ	U + 0129	Ĩ	U + 0128											ĩ
ị	U + 1ECB	Ị	U + 1ECA																ị			ị
ï	U + 00EF	Ï	U + 00CF										ï									ï
ɨ	U + 0268	Ɨ	U + 0197			ɨ				ɨ									ɨ
ɩ	U + 0269	Ɩ	U + 0196	ɩ	ɩ								ɩ										ɩ	ɩ
ƙ	U + 0199	Ƙ	U + 0198															ƙ	ƙ
ḷ	U + 1E37	Ḷ	U + 1E36													ḷ		ḷ				ḷ
ṇ	U + 1E47	Ṇ	U + 1E46																ṇ
ñ	U + 00F1	Ñ	U + 00D1		ñ														ñ	ñ			ñ
ɲ	U + 0272	Ɲ	U + 019D				ɲ					ɲ				ɲ		ɲ
ŋ	U + 014B	Ŋ	U + 014A	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ		ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ		ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ
O	U + 00F3	O	U + 00D3																	O
O	U + 014D	O	U + 014C											O
ɶ	U + 0276	Œ	U + 0152			ɶ
O	U + 00F8	O	U + 00D8			O				O
O	U + 1ECD	O	U + 1ECC					O											O
ö	U + 00F6	Ö	U + 00D6										ö	ö								ö
ɔ	U + 0254	Ɔ	U + 0186	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ		ɔ	ɔ			ɔ		ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ
ṕ	U + 1E55	Ṕ	U + 1E54																	ṕ
ɾ	U + 027E				ɾ
ɍ	U + 024C	Ɍ	U + 024D					ɍ										ɍ
š	U + 0161	Š	U + 0160					š										š
ṣ	U + 1E63	Ṣ	U + 1E62													ṣ		ṣ	ṣ
ʃ	U + 0283	Ʃ	U + 01A9								ʃ					ʃ								ʃ
ṯ	U + 1E6F	Ṯ	U + 1E6E																			ṯ
ṭ	U + 1E6D	Ṭ	U + 1E6C													ṭ		ṭ
ū	U + 016B	Ū	U + 016A											ū
ű	U + 0171	Ű	U + 0170											ű
ụ	U + 1EE5	Ụ	U + 1EE4																ụ
ʉ	U + 0289	Ʉ	U + 0244			ʉ				ʉ
ü	U + 00FC	Ü	U + 00DC										ü			ü						ü
ʌ	U + 028C	Ʌ	U + 0245																ʌ		ʌ
ʊ, ʋ	U + 028A, U + 028B	Ʊ , Ʋ	U + 01B1, U + 01B2	ʊ	ʊ							ʊ	ʊ										ʊ	ʊ
ŵ	U + 0175	Ŵ	U + 0174														ŵ
ẅ	U + 1E85	Ẅ	U + 1E84			ẅ
ƴ	U + 01B4	Ƴ	U + 01B3	ƴ	ƴ	ƴ						ƴ				ƴ		ƴ		ƴ
ƶ	U + 01B6	Ƶ	U + 01B5								ƶ
ẓ	U + 1E93	Ẓ	U + 1E92													ẓ		ẓ	ẓ
ʒ	U + 0292	Ʒ	U + 01B7	ʒ												ʒ								ʒ
ʕ	U + 0295															ʕ
ʔ	U + 0294				ʔ		ʔ						ʔ

Digraphs

Letter		BJ	BF	CM	CF	TD	CG	CD	GH	GN	CI	KE	LR	ML	MZ	NE	NG	SN	SL	SD	TG	Basement
a̱	A̱																	a̱
bʼ	B '															bʼ
ʼB	ʼB					ʼB	ʼB		ʼB												ʼB		ʼB
chʼ	Ch												chʼ
dʼ	D '															dʼ							dʼ
ʼD	ʼD					ʼD	ʼD		ʼD												ʼD
ie	Ie
dʼy	D'y								dʼy
e̱	E̱									e̱								e̱
ɛ̈	Ɛ̈
G	G						G
H	H												H
i̱	I̱									i̱											i̱
ʼJ	ʼJ																				ʼJ
k '	K '												k '
kʼw	K'w												kʼw
ʼL	ʼL											ʼL
m '	M '															m '
ṅ	Ṅ																	ṅ
nʼ	N '
n̄	N̄															n̄		n̄
ng '	Ng												ng '			ng '
nʼg	N'g												nʼg
nh	Nh
ny	Ny
O	O									O								O
ɔ̈	Ɔ̈
pʼ	P '												pʼ
ʼP	ʼP											ʼP
tʼ	T '											tʼ						tʼ
th	Th
ts'	Ts'												ts'
u̲	U̲									u̲											u̲
ʼW	ʼW				ʼW				ʼW			ʼW						ʼW			ʼW
ʼY	ʼY											ʼY						ʼY			ʼY

Diacritics

U + 0300

U + 0301

U + 0302

U + 0303

U + 0304

U + 0306

U + 0307

U + 0308

U + 030C

U + 0315

U + 0323

U + 0331

U + 0335

O

O

O

O

O

O

ȯ

ö

ǒ

O

O

O

Character encoding

ISO 6438: 1996, ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 2 N 3129

code	… 0	…1	… 2	… 3	… 4	… 5	… 6	… 7	…8th	… 9	… A	… B	... C	… D	… E	... F
0 ...	NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
1…	DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
2…	SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
3…	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
4…	@	A.	B.	C.	D.	E.	F.	G	H	I.	J	K	L.	M.	N	O
5…	P	Q	R.	S.	T	U	V	W.	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
6…	`	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H	i	j	k	l	m	n	O
7…	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	|	}	~	DEL
8th…
9 ...
A ...			Ɓ	Ƈ	Ɗ	Ɖ		Ɛ	Ǝ		Ƒ	Ɠ	Ɣ	H		Ɨ
B ...			ɓ	ƈ	ɗ	ɖ		ɛ	ə		ƒ	ɠ	ɣ	H		ɪ
C ...	Ƙ							Ŋ		Ɵ	Ɔ	Ƥ				Ʃ
D ...	ƙ	ɬ		ɱ		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ		ɵ	ɔ	ƥ		ɽ		ʃ
E ...	Ƭ	Ʈ		Ʊ	Ʋ	Χ	Ƴ	Ʒ
F ...	ƭ	ʈ		ʊ	ʋ	χ	ƴ	ʒ	ʕ	ʔ	ʘ	ǀ	ǂ	ǃ	ǁ

Escape sequences (ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 2 N 3129)

G0:	ESC 02/08 02/01 F	= 0x1B 0x28 0x21	= ESC (!
G1:	ESC 02/09 02/01 F	= 0x1B 0x29 0x21	= ESC)!
G2:	ESC 02/10 02/01 F	= 0x1B 0x2A 0x21	= ESC *!
G3:	ESC 02/11 02/01 F	= 0x1B 0x2B 0x21	= ESC +!

Escape sequences (DIN 31625)

G0:	ESC 02/08 04/13	= 0x1B 0x28 0x4D	= ESC (M
G1:	ESC 02/09 04/13	= 0x1B 0x29 0x4D	= ESC) M
G2:	ESC 02/10 04/13	= 0x1B 0x2A 0x4D	= ESC * M
G3:	ESC 02/11 04/13	= 0x1B 0x2B 0x4D	= ESC + M

Web links

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