Uhyst (Spree)
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Uhyst
Delni Wujězd Municipality Boxberg / OL
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| Height : | 132 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 30 km² |
| Residents : | 789 (Dec. 31, 2008) |
| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | October 1, 2007 |
| Postal code : | 02943 |
| Area code : | 035728 |
Uhyst (1936–1947 Spreefurt ), Upper Sorbian , with almost 800 inhabitants, is the second largest district of the Saxon community Boxberg / OL in the district of Görlitz . The village is located in the Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
To distinguish it from Uhyst am Taucher ( Horni Wujězd ) , which is about 40 kilometers away , Uhyst is often also called Uhyst an der Spree .
geography
Uhyst is located on the edge of the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve in a pond and lake landscape directly on the Spree . The place is embedded between the Bärwalder See in the northeast and the Drehnaer pond area and the Driewitz-Milkeler Heiden in the southwest.
Uhyst has a train station on the Węgliniec – Roßlau railway line . Here the OE 64 ( Hoyerswerda - Görlitz ) runs every two hours as a Seenland-Neisse shuttle . The federal highway 156 from Bautzen to Weißwasser crosses the railway line and the Spree in Uhyst.
Surrounding villages are Bärwalde in the north, Boxberg , Kringelsdorf and the Klittener villages in the northeast and east on the other side of the Bärwalder See, Mönau and Rauden in the south, Drehna in the west and Lips in the northwest. Before they were used for open-cast mining, Schöpsdorf and Merzdorf were up the Spree between Uhyst and Bärwalde.
history
Local history
People lived in the area as early as the Middle and Neolithic , as evidenced by archaeological finds from graves and settlement remains. Other finds can be assigned to the Bronze and Iron Ages . Settlement remains from the late Roman imperial era prove that the Uhyst district was inhabited before the migration of the peoples . It is difficult to say when the repopulation took place.
The village of Ugezd is documented in 1418. Its location on a Spreefurt and the relatively large corridor of over 2000 hectares suggest that Uhyst is older than the villages in the vicinity. This assumption is confirmed by the church chronicle from the 17th century, which reports on a chapel built in 1342, which was replaced by a wooden church in 1592. The wooden church, which was a branch church of Klix , was replaced by a massive new building in 1716. In that year Uhyst became independent from Klix, but without any major parish .
The low-yield heather soils, combined with the abundance of forests, ensured that a strong forestry with appropriate wood processing was established at an early stage, a pitch furnace has even been proven for the 13th century. The favorable traffic situation between Bautzen , Hoyerswerda and Muskau ensured good sales and the settlement of craftsmen. A forge in Uhyst was already shown on a map in 1730. Later extensive ponds were set up in which fish farming was carried out.
Friedrich Caspar Graf von Gersdorff , governor of Bautzen, had the old castle demolished and the new castle built between 1738 and 1742 . Then he had a building built next to the church in which the Moravian Brethren could run a school, later a teacher training institute and a nobility education with boarding school. It was here that the young Hermann von Pückler-Muskau received his early training, but he was not very fond of it, as he described in later letters.
As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the Kingdom of Prussia was able to wrest large parts of the country from the Kingdom of Saxony . Subsequently, Uhyst came to the Brandenburg district of Spremberg . Since the Saxon-Prussian border ran a few kilometers southwest of the village and Klix was still Saxon, Drehna, Mönau and Rauden were repared to Uhyst in 1823. In 1825 the district of Hoyerswerda was formed. With him Uhyst came under the Silesian government for the next 120 years.
With the construction of the Kohlfurt – Roßlau (Elbe) railway line , Uhyst received a railway connection in 1871. In addition to the local train station, the Uhyst Vorbahnhof freight station was built at the intersection with the Weißwasser - Bautzen road near Jasua .
In the last weeks of the Second World War , Uhyst was extensively expanded as a position by the Wehrmacht. In the fighting for the place, 32 soldiers were killed on the German side alone. In addition, prisoners of war were murdered by the SS .
After the war, the municipality of Uhyst came back to the state of Saxony, which, after the administrative reform of 1952, was again on the outskirts in the now smaller district of Hoyerswerda . As part of the land reform , the expropriated property was divided up. Despite many new and small farmers, an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) was not founded until 1958 .
In the sixties the opening of a new open-cast mine for lignite mining northeast of Uhyst was planned. In 1961, during preparatory work for the open pit, a mass grave was found in a wooded area, in which 102 Germans, Russians and Poles lay. The corpses were then transferred to Hoyerswerda .
The neighboring towns of Drehna and Lips, the latter already considerably reduced by the Lohsa opencast mine , were incorporated on May 1, 1974. For the Bärwalde opencast mine , the Spree was laid over a length of around ten kilometers and the ponds north of Uhyst were drained. Merzdorf was excavated in 1978 and Schöpsdorf in 1981 .
The municipality of Mönau with its district Rauden was incorporated into Uhyst on March 1, 1994, whereby the municipality of Uhyst reached its largest area. In the course of the Saxon district reform in 1996 , after the dissolution of the district of Hoyerswerda, the community decided not to join the district of Kamenz , but the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia district . Only the majority of the population of the district of Lips spoke out in favor of the district of Kamenz, which means that Lips was transferred to Lohsa on January 1, 1996 .
In 1997, five years after the mine was closed, the remaining hole in the Bärwalder See began to be flooded .
On October 1, 2007, the municipality of Uhyst joined the municipality of Boxberg / OL . After double street names had already been changed within the municipality, Deutsche Post changed the postcode on July 1, 2008 from 02999 (assigned for the southeastern part of the Hoyerswerda district when it was introduced in 1993) to 02943 (Weißwasser and Boxberg).
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 527 |
| 1871 | 481 |
| 1885 | 475 |
| 1905 | 480 |
| 1925 | 575 |
| 1939 | 692 |
| 1946 | 793 |
| 1950 | 922 |
| 1964 | 939 |
| 1971 | 926 |
| 1988 | 1089 |
| 1990 | 1075 |
| 1993 | 1048 |
| 1994 | 1272 |
| 1999 | 920 |
| 2002 | 1201 |
| 2006 | 1104 |
| 2008 | 789 |
| italics: community with districts | |
In 1712 there were seven full farmers, one half farmer, eight gardeners, 13 cottagers, two shepherds , 20 craftsmen, a sawmill and two windmills in Uhyst . In 1777 there were eight possessed men (farmers), seven gardeners and 33 cottagers in Uhyst ; another economy lay desolate.
In the course of the 19th century, the population fell from 527 in 1825 to 475 in 1885. After that there was an increase, so that in 1925, 100 years after the first count, 575 and in 1939 even 692 inhabitants were counted. After the war, the number of refugees and displaced persons from the former eastern territories rose to 793 in 1946 and approached the 1,000-person mark in the 1950s and 1960s.
As a result of the incorporation of Drehna (133 inhabitants in 1971 with a downward trend) and lip in 1974 and the resettlement of the inhabitants of Merzdorf and Schöpsdorf , the decline in the number of inhabitants, as can be seen in many villages in the area at that time, became in Uhyst compensated. Due to the incorporation of Mönau and Rauden , the population increased by almost 230 in 1994, but a downward trend has been apparent since the fall of the Wall .
Between 1999 and 2008, the number in Uhyst fell from 920 to 789 inhabitants.
The population was originally Sorbian. Around 1880, Arnošt Muka determined 385 Sorbs and 75 Germans for his statistics on the Sorbs in Upper Lusatia in Uhyst , which corresponds to a Sorbian population of 84%. Compared to the surrounding villages, Uhyst had a relatively low Sorbian population, which was 100% in Drehna, Mönau, Rauden and Schöpsdorf, 98% in Lips and 96% in Merzdorf. A similar picture emerges in 1956, when Ernst Tschernik put the Sorbian-speaking population in Uhyst at 45.1%, with the majority still speaking Sorbian in the surrounding towns.
Place name
Documented forms of place names include Ugezd (1418), Ugißt parvum (1419), Ugiß (1448), Ugist (1452), Ugesd (1474), Klein-Qugist (1535), Vgist (1565), Vhyst (1678), Ujest (1745) and finally in 1791 Uhyst an der Spree . Due to the Germanization policy of place names of Slavic origin during the National Socialist era, Uhyst was renamed Spreefurt in 1936 . It was renamed Uhyst in 1947.
The Sorbian name was developed (partly in German) via Wugisde (around 1430), Wuyez (1466), Wuyest (1489), Wujesd (1767), Delny Wujezd (1800), Delni Wujezd (1843) and Delni Wujězd ( 1969).
Both Paul Kühnel (1896) and Ernst Eichler (1975) interpreted the name as a forest area that is delimited by rides and intended for settlement on cleared land. The name was derived from the Old Sorbian word ujězd , which is related to the Czech újezd .
Attractions
Buildings
- New castle with a baroque garden and English landscape park
- The former aristocratic education (a boarding school of the Moravian Brethren )
- old wood grinding shop
- Church with rich interior decoration
- a historic water tower (inhabited)
Memorials
A memorial commemorates the 102 prisoners of war who were murdered by the SS in spring 1945 .
Personalities
The forester and poet Gottfried Unterdörfer (1921–1992) worked in Uhyst from 1950 until his death.
Events
On the occasion of the light and sound festival transNATURALE at Bärwalder See, a media camp with radio, radio play and photography courses took place every year in August / September. The highlights of these “SeeFunkWerkstätten” were exhibitions in the parish hall and the three-day live radio program “SeeFunk”.
At the transNATURALE 2015, the first Classic Island - Oldtimerwelten Uhyst / Spree with over 240 historic vehicles took place in the Uhyster Volkspark on a Spree island . The third edition of the classic car meeting took place in August 2019.
Sources and further references
literature
- Lothar Simon: Uhyst on the Spree . 1991.
- Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscape (= values of the German homeland . Volume 67). 1st edition. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2005, ISBN 978-3-412-08903-0 , pp. 164–168.
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-929091-96-8 , p. 269 f .
- Kathrin Vollbrecht: The stately buildings in Uhyst ad Spree - castle, church, pedagogy. Master's thesis, Institute for Art History, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 2003.
Footnotes
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1994
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
- ↑ Gemeindeverwaltung Boxberg / OL (Ed.): Official Journal . Volume 12, No. 22/08 . Boxberg / OL May 30, 2008.
- ↑ a b c Uhyst in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , p. 269.
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved January 27, 2009 .
- ^ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian rural population (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 90-94 .
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 250 .
- ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place and field names of Upper Lusatia . Central antiquariat of the German Democratic Republic, Leipzig 1982, p. 266 (photomechanical reprint of the original edition (1891–1899)).
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 323 f .
- ^ Insel Classic - Oldtimertreffen Uhyst / Spree. Retrieved April 28, 2017 .
Web links
Districts: Bärwalde (Bjerwałd) | Boxberg (Hamor) | Drehna (Tranje) | Dürrbach (Dyrbach) with Thomaswalde | Jahmen (Jamno) | Kaschel (Košla) | Klein-Oelsa (Wolešnica) | Little Radish (Radšowk) | Klitten (Klětno) | Kringelsdorf (Krynhelecy) | Mönau (Manjow) | Nochten (Wochozy) | Rauden (Rudej) | Reichwalde (Rychwałd) | Sprey (Sprjowje) | Tauer (Turjo) | Uhyst (Delni Wujězd) | Zimpel (Cympl)
Opened localities: Eselsberg (Wósliča hora) | Wilhelmsfeld (Wylemocy)
Former localities: Jasua (Jazowa) | Merzdorf (Łućo) | Schöpsdorf (Šepšecy)