Musk yarrow
| Musk yarrow | ||||||||||||
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Musk yarrow ( Achillea moschata ) |
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| Achillea moschata | ||||||||||||
| Wulfen |
The musk yarrow ( Achillea moschata Wulfen , Syn. : . Achillea erba-Rotta moschata ssp . (Wulfen) Vacc ) belongs to the genus of yarrow ( Achillea ) in the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).
description
The musk yarrow is a strongly aromatic, herbaceous perennial plant and reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters.
The green leaves are dotted with glands. The lower stalked, the upper seated. Their shape is pinnate with comb-shaped, linear leaflets that have entire margins or two or three columns.
The flower heads, which are up to 15 mm wide, stand in long-stalked, dense corymbs . The bracts are keeled, edged green and dark brown. The ray florets are white and the tubular florets are pale yellow.
The flowering period is July to August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Occurrence and location
The musk yarrow is widespread in the Eastern Alps , with the area ranging from Savoy to Styria . Frequent in Austria in the Central Alps, rarely in the Limestone Alps. It occurs in Styria, Upper Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In the Allgäu Alps, it was discovered by Walter Gutermann in 1964 in the Vorarlberg part of the Elferkopf on Hornstein near the summit up to 2300 meters above sea level. They later discovered Erhard Dörr and Kriemhild Dörr in 1978 on the east ridge of the Rothornspitze in Tyrol between 2100 and 2300 meters above sea level.
Freshly seeped, lime-poor, agitated or dormant, loamy rock rubble soils are preferred as the location. The species is a character species of the Androsacion alpinae association, but also occurs in the initial stages of Nardion or Caricion curvulae. The species is found at altitudes from 1500 to 3400 m above sea level .
Together with the black-rimmed yarrow ( Achillea atrata ) it forms a vicarious pair of species on calcareous soils .
ecology
The species is a pioneer plant; she is a rubble crawler and rubble stabilizer. She is a winter stand. Insect and self-pollination occur.
ingredients
The plant contains bitter substances as Ivain, Moschatin , Achillein , resin acid and the highly aromatic, peppermint similar Ivaöl .
Others
Drugs of this type are used in folk medicine for loss of appetite, diseases of the stomach, intestines and liver, for weak nerves and externally as a wound remedy. "Iva", the Romanic popular name of this plant species, is derived from the Latin abigere = abortion and indicates its use as an abortive . In Switzerland , an Alpine herbal liqueur , the so-called " Iva-Bitter ", has been made from it for more than 100 years . Other common names are Jochkamille and wife diamond .
In addition, the names Muskrat ( Wallis ), Gabüse ( Bernese Oberland ), Genepi , Genipi , Iva , Flur d'iva or Plaunta d'iva ( Graubünden ), Sandkraut (Graubünden), Wildfräuleinkraut ( Leaves: Wildfräuli-Chrut , wilde Fräulein = mountain spirits; flowers: Wildmännli-Chrut ) (Graubünden), alpine chamomile or Jochgramille (Tyrol) and golden or white wild herb ( Carinthia ).
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen , Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 934 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 599-600.
- ^ Carl Jessen , The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 6 f.
