Vicariism
Vicariating (from Latin vicarius ) are phylogenetically closely related taxa that represent each other under ecological conditions (ecological vicariism) or in geographical areas (geographical vicariism).
Types of vicariism
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nebelkraehe_Dahlem.jpg/220px-Nebelkraehe_Dahlem.jpg)
The hooded crow is the horizontally vicarious species to the carrion crow
- Horizontally vicarious species do not have to differ from one another in their ecological demands. Horizontal refers to a spatial separation of the distribution areas. An example would be the range of the hooded crow (in Eastern Europe) and the carrion crow (in Western Europe).
- Vertical vicariism, or altitude vicariance, describes the phenomenon that species at different altitudes replace each other. Representative of this is the sharp buttercup ( Ranunculus acris ) with a planar or collinear distribution area, which vicariates with the montane buttercup ( Ranunculus montanus ).
- Ecologically vicarious species are mostly taxonomically very close, but are found in ecologically very different locations. These differences in location can be felt, for example, in the pH value . The Kochian gentian ( Gentiana acaulis ), which prefers silicate soils, represents the Clusius gentian ( Gentiana clusii ), whose occurrence is bound to calcareous soils.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Wolfgang Frey , Rainer Lösch : Textbook of Geobotany. Plant and vegetation in space and time. 2nd Edition. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-8274-1193-9 .