Calbitz
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Calbitz
Wermsdorf municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 43 ″ N , 13 ° 0 ′ 29 ″ E
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| Height : | 135 m |
| Area : | 1.33 km² |
| Residents : | 930 (1964) |
| Population density : | 697 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Incorporated into: | Luppa |
The 133.4 hectare street group village Calbitz is a district of the municipality of Wermsdorf in the district of North Saxony in Saxony . Calbitz is located on federal highway 6 between Leipzig and Dresden near federal highway 14 .
history
The alley group village of Calbitz with strip and estate block corridors similar to that of a win was first mentioned in a document in 1277 as Kalwitz . In 1350 Calbitz was mentioned as an oppidum . This gave Calbitz the rights of a market town , but was only a village from the 19th century . 1552 Calbitz belonged to the lordship of the manor Kötitz. In 1607 the plague depopulated the village, only five married couples survived the disease. In 1668 a fire destroyed twenty-nine houses, the church, the school and the parish office. The manor Alkötitz burned down as a result of flying fire. In 1694 the Neukötitz manor burned down as well. In 1831 a major fire raged in which 36 goods fell victim. In World War II Calbitzer eight lost their lives. In 1945 the Kötitz manor was expropriated, looted and blown up by the Soviets and locals. After 1960, the LPG Pioneer formed from three individual LPGs, but lost its independence when it was incorporated into Luppa . In 1964 a new school building with twelve classrooms was built, which was named Friedrich Wolf in 1975 . On January 1st, 1974 Calbitz was incorporated into Luppa , with which it came to Wermsdorf on January 1st, 1999 . In 1991 the thoroughfare and the former triangular market were renovated. In 1998 a memorial stone for the victims of the Second World War was inaugurated.
The age of Calbitz
In 926 King Heinrich I gave his loyal knight, who had made a name for himself in defeating the Wends in the Eastern campaigns , what would later become Altköditz as a fief. In 984 the German king arrived in Bohemia and was honored by the later Polish duke Bolesław Chrobry Wielki . Around 1003, the German King Heinrich II broke politically with Bolesław. In 1012 Bolesław invaded what was then Gau Daleminzi and conquered the newly built town of Goloci . The fact that Goloci should be equated with the local Calbitz is rather unlikely due to the fact that it was first mentioned in only 265 years. The settlement reference to the early Köditz 86 years earlier is too clear. In addition, there are no traces of medieval city fortifications in the Slavic form of settlement of Kalwitz .
Sale of the Mockritzer market rights to Altmügeln
Around 1542 the municipality of Mockritz pledged its market rights to the municipality of Calbitz for 500 guilders. When the Calbitzer, who had market rights since 1350 , asked for their money back, Mockritz could not pay and so the pledged Mockritz market rights acquired the Altmügelner St. Marienkirche. Until the end of the Second World War, this mixture of fair and Catholic pilgrimage was handed down on September 7th every year on the day of the birth of Mary as Mügelner Stoppelmarkt .
Place name forms
- 1277: Kalwitz
- 1311: Caluiz
- 1350: Kalewicz, Kalwicz
- 1428: Kalewitz
- 1552: Kolbitz
- 1791: Calbitz, Kalbitz
Name interpretation
The root word Cal can be equated with the Kal , which means mud, swamp in Old Slavonic . The root word is derived from Kalina , which means in Russian and Polish snowball bush , the water holder or from the Lower Sorbian Kaluza for puddle. In every interpretation, the Old Slavic reference to waters is clear.
Collmnitzbach
The source of the Collmnitzbach is the Bruchbach, which rises from a swamp in the Collm, which is called the Bruch. The Bruchbach, which has become Collmnitzbach, flows via Calbitz to Großböhla, from there to Wellerswalde and joins at Lampertswalde with the border river Luppa, which divides Deutsch- von Wendisch- Luppa.
Desolation
Within the district there are desert brands: Altenhain , Netthausen and Radebol ( Radewall ), which were devastated by the regional destruction of the Hussites .
Development of the population
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1790: | 325 | |
| 1830: | 650 | |
| 1933: | 771 | |
| 1939: | 746 | |
| 1964: | 930 |
Evangelical Lutheran parish of Calbitz
As early as 1350 there is a documentary reference to a patronage church as ius patronatus ecclesie . This previous church from the 13th century burned down completely except for the wide west tower in 1668 and was rebuilt in 1724 by the state master builder David Schatz . In 1890 the interior of the church was rebuilt. The organ front was expanded, the galleries and ceiling were repainted. Gilding work was carried out on the altar. In 1893 a church heating system was installed. In 1953, the bells melted down during World War II were replaced. In 1991 the church was reopened to the congregation after more than twenty years of non-use. In 2011, with funds from the regional church and the ILE program of the European Union, a renovation began for 200,000 euros. The church tower is being renovated during the work. The renovation work on the outer shell is funded by European ITU funds with 70% of the total investment amount.
Building description
The dimensions of the entire church speak in favor of the previous Romanesque building. On the keystones of the four windows in the nave is the year 1724, which refers to the state architect Schatz. The windows of the choir have the letters SD G in the same place , which means Soli Deo Gloria . The nave is incorporated in a curved line towards the east, including the former Romanesque apse. The exterior of the church is simply plastered. On the nave there are pilaster strips with a baroque stucco chapter, in this a cross is shown. The windows have Gothic profiles, a central mullion and are closed with an arch.
Pulpit altar
The pulpit altar is part of a rich baroque architecture made of wood and consists of four Corinthian columns under a blown gable above this the Hebrew word Jehovah in a halo and the dove as the spirit of God. The work was painted in brown and gold in 1890 by the architect Theodor Quentin . In front of the pulpit is the altar with a picture of Carl Andreae, Jesus with Martha and Maria from 1890.
Choir and ship
There are two crates in the choir, one of which can be used to create a baptismal table from the carved panels , the opposite is the church father's seat of the Lord's Supper. On both sides of the nave are the sacristy and the manorial room with the coats of arms of those of Benkendorf and von Schleinitz, with reference to the donors of the new church, Caspar Heinrich von Benckendorf and his wife. The ceiling is flat, with a wide throat painted in 1890.
Madonna on the crescent moon
The Madonna, holding the baby Jesus on her right arm, was 1.25 m high, carved and painted. The right hip protruded strongly, in the left hand, which was placed on the body, the remains of a lily stem could be seen. The robe was richly folded. There was a little moon at the foot. The figure was dated to the last decade of the 15th century. This figure was a major example of Mannerism . The figure was in the museum of the Royal Saxon Antiquities Association in Dresden until 1945 and burned in the firestorm of the Anglo-American terrorist attack .
organ
The organ was built in 1890 by Paul Schmeisser from Rochlitz. In 2004 it was extensively restored by the organ restorer Johannes Lindner and checked by the organ expert Andreas Kühn. Ninety percent of the costs for the restoration were borne by the parish of Calbitz- Malkwitz .
gallery
- Calbitz Church - interior photos on June 1st, 2011
View of the altar
View of the organ and the ship
Mask on the monument of Caspar Heinrich von Beneckendorf 1750
Mask on the monument to his wife Eva von Beneckendorff, born. von Schleinitz
Manor Alt- and Neukötitz (Cöditz)
In Kötitz there had been two manors in old script since the Middle Ages. These goods, known as Altkötitz and Neukötitz , were merged at the beginning of the 18th century by Caspar Heinrich von Beneckendorff . He was followed as owner by Hannibal August von Aching, Hofrat Friedrich Benedict Oertel, von Ponickau and von Bodenhausen and finally the Mettler family. From the latter, the patrimonial jurisdiction of the manor passed over Kötitz, Calbitz and Malkwitz in November 1855 to the Royal District Court of Oschatz. In 1668 the manor Alkötitz burned down and in 1694 the manor Neukötitz. The manor, built after 1763, was located between Calbitz and Großböhla. It was a manor without a village , which had to provide two knight horses. The manor was subject to tax to the Oschatz Office. The owners were allowed to collect a duty for the road to Oschatz, or to offer travelers a chargeable escort service for the unsafe roads, but they had to maintain the road in its property dimensions. Malkwitz (including the mill on the Luppe) and Calbitz were under the management of the manor .
Building description
The castle was a simple, stately three-storey building built by Samuel Gotthelf Locke shortly after the Seven Years' War . The door and one window each were in the central projection, and above them were closed in the arch, three windows in the round arch. There were simple profiled walls at the wide-axis openings. The facade had a wide pilaster structure and rococo cartridges on top . In the middle projection of the first floor there was a large vestibule and behind it the garden hall, which was two steps higher. The castle was in an English country park.
Expropriation and destruction
The last owner since 1925 was the Wilcke family, the manor comprised 588 hectares. Heinrich Wilcke, officer ret. D. died on March 1, 1931. His son Hellmut Wilcke acquired the inheritance from his siblings. The mother was left with half of the property along with the corresponding share of the business accessories. This arrangement had been made for a notary to write it down when, towards the end of 1941, the widow Wilcke and her son Hellmut came to the Leipzig notary Rudolf Mothes to sign a lease for her half. The lease contract was to run from January 1, 1942 for twelve years and should be extended by a further twelve years if it was not terminated with a twelve-month notice at the end of a lease period. The lease should expire with the death of Mrs. Wilcke, if she would give her half to her son Hellmut willingly, otherwise the death of Mrs. Wilcke should have no influence on the existence of the lease. But it didn't come to that. On September 15, 1945 Kötitz was expropriated and looted as part of the land reform . The Wilcke family, popular in the village because of their human friendliness and down-to-earthness, had to leave the village. The new Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) issued the SMAD Order No. 209 , stating that every opportunity to build a new society should be used. Castles were the manifest expression of the capitalist society of exploitation and had to be destroyed as evidence of feudal oppression that had to be removed . In addition to other castles and manors in the region, Kötitz Castle was blown up in 1945.
traffic
The traffic of the Via Regia running through the village has shaped it over the centuries. On April 2, 1704, a post office on the Leipzig - Dresden postal line was set up in Calbitz by the Leipzig postmaster Johann Jakob Kees the Younger . Kees the younger and the state master builder David Schatz were also economically linked in other building projects in Leipzig, so that the state master builder came to Calbitz to build a new church in 1724. In 1726 the post office was relocated to Stauchitz and Wermsdorf . In the GDR era, the Dresden – Leipzig bus stopped at the former post office, which is now the Drei Lilien inn . In 2007 a signpost from around 1830 was found in the course of road renovation work, restored and re-erected at a historically correct location in the Malkwitz district, which also reflects a Royal Saxon half- milestone from around 1860 in the form of a road or road that was recovered in 1992. Street guardian stone between Malkwitz and Calbitz applies.
Volunteer firefighter
The fire brigade in Calbitz already existed in 1888. The volunteer fire brigade comprises seventeen active comrades. She has a women's group with fifteen women and an age section with ten members. The fire brigade is an integral part of community life.
economy
Silkworms in Calbitz
There is an old mulberry tree on the market town. This is a reference to the Helfried family, who had farmed silkworms in the village until the early 1950s. Mulberry leaves served the silkworms as food.
Sand mill
The sand mill is at the eastern exit of the village and has been owned by the Röhrborn family since 1709.
Attractions
Brick Sculpture Park
The Calbitzer Heimatverein renovated the manor park in 2006 with funds from the European and regional management of the Saxon Mesopotamia and erected brick sculptures in it, such as departure and lookout . A total of 54,100 euros were invested by the association from private funds and donations without financial support from the municipality of Wermsdorf. The population responded differently to this art event. The sculpture park has repeatedly been the target of attacks and senseless vandalism.
The inspector's jaw on the White Stone
The black pine was replanted in 2005. There are several theories about the tree. One says that the tree was planted when the first wheat was sown in the 19th century. Another that the manor inspector committed suicide near the tree. The more likely of the theories is that the manor owner von Kötitz was such a popular person that the inhabitants planted a tree in his honor. Perhaps it was just one of the preferred places of stay or control points where the manor inspector stayed or from where he inspected the work he had given up, because the property belonged to the Köditz manor.
House of the carpenter Andreas Kolb
The street façade of the residential building, today Markt 2, has a heavy tooth cut on the cornice, underneath it in stucco, a cloth hanger drawn through rings. The wall is designed in spray grout with smoothed pilaster strips and cornices. A vine and a cornucopia are carved on each wing of the front door. It is believed that it was the same carpenter who designed the doors of the Gasthaus Posthaus, today Drei Lilien . The house is also dated to the early 18th century. Presumably the builder of the house at Markt 2 and the carpenter of the doors of the former post office were the same person.
Posthaus inn
The Gasthaus Posthaus was the post office established in 1704 until 1726 and was later colloquially referred to as the Gasthaus zu den Drei Lilien because of the carvings on the door . In 1726 the post office was relocated to Wermsdorf . A lily sprouting can be seen carved into the door on each side. During an examination of the door by the Office for Monument Preservation, this was actually estimated to be 1800 and older.
Deserted Hayn Castle
The castle is located northwest of the Collm, precisely where the old hunting avenues O and G intersect. See the article Wüstes Schloss Hayn
societies
Hometown club
Since 2005, the chairperson has been the Halle-born economic consultant, Katrin Heller.
Personalities
| Surname | Lifetime | Relationship with Calbitz |
|---|---|---|
| Heinrich Anshelm von Ziegler and Kliphausen | (* 1663; † 1697) | Important poet of the Baroque era and Wolf von Lindenau's son-in-law |
| Hans Herrmann Wostromirsky from Rockittnigk | (* 1647; † 1718) | Commandant of the fortress Dresden |
| Carl Gotthelf Gerlach | (* 1704; † 1761) | composer |
| Harry fruit | (* 1932) | Interpreter |
Trivia
The Calbitzer ox tour
In 1953, six Calbitzers drove around the Collm in a horse-drawn cart and an ox on Ascension Day .
literature
- Katrin Heller, Christel Wawrzetzka, Renè Wegner: Calbitz - a village in Saxony. Self-published, Calbitz 2006.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Calbitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 27. Booklet: Oschatz Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1905, p. 56.
Web links
- Calbitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Link Internet presence of the municipality of Wermsdorf with information on the Calbitz district
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alexander Nitsche: Calbitz commemorated fallen and missing persons of the Second World War. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, December 21, 1998, p. 8.
- ↑ Municipalities in 1994 and their changes since January 1st, 1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ a b c d e f g Carl Samuel Hoffmann: Historical description of the city, the office and the dioces of Oschatz in older and modern times. Friedrich Christian Ludwig Ordecop, Oschatz 1817, p. 20. ( online , accessed April 6, 2011)
- ^ Thietmar von Merseburg: Regesta Imperii. Reference: RI II n. 956h2. Beginning of June 984, ( online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Accessed on April 4, 2011)
- ^ A b Johann Fiedler: Müglische Ehren- und Gedachtnis-Seule: From residents / old age / luck and misfortune / as well as from all sorts of conditions / cases and changes in the little town of Mügeln; Darbey also all sorts of memorable histories / as told in the little town / set up. Freiberg 1652, (PDF, 61.09 MB), p. 122. ( online , accessed April 5, 2011)
- ^ A b Oswald Jannermann: Slavic names of places and waters in Germany. Books on Demand, 2003, ISBN 3-8370-3356-2 , p. 53. ( online , accessed April 3, 2011)
- ↑ a b M. FG Leonhardi: Earth description of the electoral and ducal Saxon lands. First volume. Johann Ambr. Barth, Leipzig 1790, p. 693. ( online , accessed April 3, 2011)
- ^ Albert Schiffner: Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. Gebrüder Schumann, Zwickau 1830, p. 159. ( online , accessed April 4, 2011)
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Dissertation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, not specified, ( online , accessed on April 5, 2011)
- ^ Karlheinz Blaschke, Susanne Baudisch: Historical local directory of Saxony: A – M, half volume 1. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-937209-15-8 , p. 451. ( online , accessed on March 22, 2011)
- ↑ Lutz Abitzsch: Evangelical Church Calbitz. Information on the website of the municipality of Wermsdorf , Wermsdorf 2010, ( online , accessed on April 4, 2011)
- ↑ Jana Brechlin: Calbitz: renovation of the outside of the church tower begins. Funding from the regional church and from the Ile program. Tower clock should tick properly again. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, March 11, 2011, p. 16.
- ^ Anja Terpitz: ILE funding in Wermsdorf. Calbitz Church. Information on the website of the Regional Management Sächsisches Zweistromland, Liebschützberg 2011, ( online ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , accessed on April 4, 2011)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Cornelius Gurlitt: Calbitz. in a descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Meinhold & Sons, Dresden 1905, p. 56.
- ^ Gert von der Osten: German and Dutch art of the Reformation period. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 1982, ISBN 3-7701-0438-2 , p. 39.
- ↑ Sandra Czabania: Expert from Lommatzsch takes down the organ in the Calbitz church together with restorer from Radebeul. 115-year-old passed last exam. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, October 20, 2004, p. 16.
- ↑ State Archives Leipzig: 20446. Rittergut Kötitz (patrimonial court). Leipzig 2011. ( online ( Memento of the original from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Accessed on April 3 2011)
- ↑ Albert Schiffer: Description of Saxony and the Ernestine. Reussian and Schwarzburg lands. HH Grimm, Dresden 1845, p. 232. ( online , accessed on April 3, 2011)
- ↑ Jürgen Gruhle: The land reform black book. Nauendorf 2009. ( online ( memento of December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on April 3, 2011)
- ↑ Rudolf Mothes : Memoirs. City Archives, Leipzig, (PDF, 1.26 MB), ( online ; PDF; 1.3 MB), accessed on April 3, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e website of the Calbitz district. Calbitz 2011. ( Link , accessed April 4, 2011)
- ↑ Katja Kretzschmar: Saxony's castles. Heidenau 2011, ( online , accessed October 5, 2013)
- ↑ Claus Kretzschmar, Heinz Elste: The story of an old door in Calbitz (Part II). In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, April 13, 2010, p. 18.
- ↑ Gabi Liebegall: Calbitz. The milestone you were looking for has returned. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, April 17, 2007, p. 15.
- ↑ Alexander Nitsche: 75 years of the Calbitzer fire brigade. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, July 6, 1998, p. 4.
- ↑ Arndt Böttcher: Calbitz was once a town-like settlement. And had some special trades to offer. Sericulture and brewery. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, December 23, 2008, p. 20.
- ^ Siegfried Siedler: Calbitz. The craft village at the foot of the Collm. In: The panorama. 1982, p. 50, quoted in Manfred Müller: That was Der Rundblick. 1954 to 1990. Sax Verlag, Beucha 2009, ISBN 978-3-86729-054-8 , p. 328.
- ↑ Jana Brechlin: Brick art is trendy. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, September 16, 2006, ( online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Accessed on April 3, 2011)
- ↑ Jana Brechlin: Calbitzer Heimatfreunde are annoyed by the destruction of plants and figures. Sculpture Park target. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, May 14, 2008, p. 18.
- ↑ Jana Brechlin: The mystery of the inspector's jaw remains unsolved. Calbitz: Horn sound after planting action. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, December 31, 2005, p. 17.
- ↑ Heinz Elste, Claus Kretzschmar: Heinz Elste and Claus Kretzschmar tell the story of an old door (Part I). Entrance of the Calbitzer "Drei Lilien" art-historical processed. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, December 31, 2005, p. 17.
- ↑ Christian Kunze: Katrin Heller has been the chairwoman of the local homeland association for three years. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, October 25, 2008, p. 17.
- ↑ Heinz Mielke: The Lindenaus as noble manor owners in Machern. Heinrich Anshelm von Ziegler and Kliphausen. Important poet of the Baroque era and Wolf von Lindenau's son-in-law. Machern, January 4, 2001, as of July 17, 2009 ( online , accessed April 3, 2011)
- ↑ Siegfried Heidler: 50 years ago Calbitz ascension ox set out on their way. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung - Oschatzer Allgemeine. Oschatz, May 28, 2003, p. 15.
