Hirschau ceramics

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Hirschau Keramik was an earthenware manufacturer that existed in Hirschau in the Upper Palatinate from 1826 to 1956 .

history

With the arrival of industrialization in the region, the Hirschauer stoneware factory was founded. In 1826 the government of the Regenkreis granted the concession to operate a stoneware factory, which Heinrich Waffler and the brothers Karl Martin and Josef Konstantin Dorfner built. Migrant workers, often evangelicals, caused the population of Hirschau to increase in the course of the 19th century; many also settled outside the city walls.

Ernst Dorfner managed the manufactory trading under the name Dorfner & Co. for over 50 years. In addition to tableware, the manufactory's products included vases, flower pots and wall plates with reliefs. In addition to the “old” factory, the “new” earthenware factory built elsewhere in the village by Hermann & Florian Dorfner - the sons of Josef Dorfner - was added; both also acquired the Dorfner & Co. company in 1913 .

With the increased supply of porcelain , the stoneware manufacture in Hirschau declined towards the end of the 19th century, so the Gebrüder Dorfner Steingutfabrik and Kaolin Dampfschlämmerei sold both factories to C. & E. Carstens KG in 1918 and concentrated on extraction and refining of the kaolin found in Hirschau . The "old" factory was closed in the same year.

After 1918 production decreased significantly. The Hirschauer stoneware factories С. & E. Carstens employed 250 workers in the 1920s and operated four round and two muffle furnaces . Although the economy in Germany recovered between 1925 and 1929, the decline of the stoneware factory in Hirschau continues. In July 1926, the stoneware factory had to announce 150 layoffs and carry out most of them.

Between 1923 and 1926, the Hamburg artist Siegfried Möller shaped the color and shape of the dishes from the Hirschauer stoneware factory. The industrial designer Eva Zeisel designed crockery in the Bauhaus style for Hirschauer Keramik from 1930 , and the “Nuremberg” dinner service is attributed to her. Other artists such as Helene "Mau" Fischer (1930) and Maria Piffl (1930/31) contributed their design. Around 1930 the manufactory tried to vary its product range and offered around 20 animal sculptures, including eagles, black cocks, rabbits, cats, pugs and others.

Since 1929 the Hirschauer Werke belonged to Christian Carstens KG. From 1930 the economic situation deteriorated further, so that the stoneware factory had to temporarily shut down operations in 1931 and then only continued to work irregularly. Alois Luschka took over the manufacture in 1938 and operated it as Hirschau Keramik GmbH until bankruptcy in 1956 .

Although ownership changed often, the HK brand remained the same. Therefore, an assignment of the ceramics is usually only possible over the production period.

Exhibitions

In the old malt house of Hirschau there is a permanent exhibition with around 800 exhibits on Hirschau ceramics.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b witnesses to an important epoch. In: onetz of March 17, 2016.
  2. ↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 190.
  3. ↑ a b c Gebrüder Dorfner GmbH & Co. In: steinmarks.co.uk
  4. ↑ a b eagle. Expressionism on swing. In: BR Fernsehen , Kunst + Krempel from March 12, 2016.
  5. ↑ Klaus Beitl, Gertraud Liesenfeld: Comparative Ceramic Research in Central and Eastern Europe: Papers of the 14th International Pottery Symposium from 7.-11. September 1981 in the Ethnographic Museum, Kittsee Castle . Austrian Museum of Folklore , Ethnographic Museum Schloss Kittsee, 1984, ISBN 3-90035-924-5 , p. 27.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Karl H. Bröhan , Dieter Högermann: paintings, sculptures, handicrafts, industrial design . Volume 3 of the inventory catalog of the Bröhan Museum. KH Bröhan, 1985. p. 73.
  7. ↑ ceramics. In: Mining and Industry Museum East Bavaria
  8. ↑ Gebrüder Dorfner GmbH & Co. Kaolin and crystal quartz sand works KG
  9. ↑ a b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 193.
  10. ↑ Ceramic jewels from Hirschau. In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung of September 18, 2016.
  11. ↑ The history of the "white gold of the Upper Palatinate" . In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung of March 24, 2012.
  12. ↑ Abstraction brought to the Upper Palatinate . In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung of October 12, 2017.
  13. ↑ a b Stoneware exhibition in the "Alte Mälzerei" in Hirschau. In: pottpourri.net, 2016.
  14. ↑ Pat Moore, Pirco Wolfframm: Eva Zeisel: Life, Design, and Beauty . Chronicle Books, 2013, ISBN 1-45212-959-2 , p. 239.
  15. ^ Hirschau Keramik GmbH. In: lavaguys-ceramic.com.au of March 25, 2017.