Mass direction

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mass direction
City of Hirschau
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 49 ″  N , 11 ° 57 ′ 11 ″  E
Height : 487 m above sea level NN
Area : 11.64 km²
Residents : 343  (2009)
Population density : 29 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 92242
Area code : 09608
map
Location of the village and the district of Massenricht in the north of the municipal area of ​​the city of Hirschau
Aerial view of Massenricht with Rödlas (left in the picture) and the observation tower
Aerial view of Massenricht with Rödlas (left in the picture) and the observation tower

Massenricht is a district of the city of Hirschau in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria . Since 1818 it was an independent municipality, to which the places Obersteinbach and Untersteinbach , the hamlets Rödlas and Träglhof as well as the desert Hummelmühle belonged. Today Massenricht has a little over 200 inhabitants, the places of the former municipality have together a little more than 350. The place in Salpuch zu Sulzbach , which was built between 1366 and 1368, was first mentioned in a document . In addition to the locality of Massenricht, there is a district of Massenricht.

origin of the name

In the Middle Ages, Massenricht was mostly mentioned as "Melsenreut" (in various spellings). The part of the name -reuth suggests a clearing settlement, the part Melsen can be traced back either to the person of the founder Eliso zum Elsenreuth or to the condition of the location. In 1409 Massenricht appeared in a deed under the name "Melsenrewt bey Ehenfeldt", in 1465 as "Melsenrewt bey Ehenfelt located". In 1471 there was talk of "Melssenriet", 1486 of "Mellsenrewt" and 1577 of "Melssenried". In the 17th century, Massen appeared for the first time as the front part of the place name. In 1630 it is documented as "Massenriedt" and as 1661 "Massenrieth".

In the directory of Ignatz Biechl from 1783 and that of Johann W. Melchinger from 1796, Massenricht is mentioned as "Mässenried". The current spelling Massenricht is first documented in 1812.

geography

Map Hirschau district Massenricht.svg
Location of the district of Massenricht in the north of the municipal area of ​​the city of Hirschau
Map Hirschau Massenricht.svg
Sketch map of the districts


Geographical location

The district mass directional and thus also the site located in the northern city of Hirschau on the border of the district Amberg-Sulzbach for Neustadt an der Waldnaab .

To the north of Massenricht lie Ober- and Untersteinbach, Thansüß and Freihung , to the east Röthenbach and Kohlberg, to the south Ehenfeld and Hirschau and to the west Seugast and Großschönbrunn .

geology

The so-called free hunger disorder runs between Massenricht and Ehenfeld . Strata of rock were lifted up to 1500 meters along this fault, whereby the 88 million year old rocks of the Upper Cretaceous near Ehenfeld came right next to the 280 million year old deposits of the Rotliegend , on which Massenricht, Rödlas and Träglhof are located.

topography

The village lies on the northern flank of the Rödlasberg . The center of Massenricht is located at 487  m above sea level. NN . The top of the Rödlasberg, about 800 meters south of the town center, is 579  m above sea level. NN . The Rödlasberg is the western end of the ridge between the Ehenbachtal and the Röthenbachtal or Haidenaab valley.

There are no small rivers in Massenricht. The catchment area from Rödlaser Berg is too small and the distance too short for a constant water flow. The water seeps into the so-called Louh (Lohe) or at best reaches the ponds. Some fish ponds in the depression north of the village do not have permanent access.

The depression represents a watershed . The north-western part drains over the Ringelmühlbach to Vils bei Freihung, the north-eastern part over Obersteinbach to Röthenbach and thus into the Haidenaab .

climate

Massenricht lies in the warm temperate climate zone (effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger : Cfb). There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even in the driest month there is still high rainfall. The annual average temperature in Massenricht is 7.6 ° C. An average of 672 mm of precipitation falls annually.

Natural allocation

Massenricht is located in the north of the Upper Palatinate hill country . Since sheet 154/155 Bayreuth of the single sheets 1: 200,000 for the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany has not been published, there is no detailed breakdown for the northern part of the Upper Palatinate hill country .

In the relevant specialist literature, the geological subunit, in which Massenricht lies with the districts of the former municipality, is referred to as the Kohlberg ridge .

history

First mention (14th century)

It is not known when people first settled in the Massenricht area. However, it can be proven that various localities emerged and then disappeared there. At some of these places remember for place names such as Pürkha or Pimpach.

The place Massenricht was first mentioned in Salpuch zu Sulzbach , which was built between 1366 and 1368. There it says: “Marquart Slifperg von Hirßawe has the ten toe over and a half fiefs at Melsenreuth”. Another village called Schlifberg, which was mentioned for the first time in 1409 and again in a document together with Mellßenrieth (Massenricht) in the military register of the Hirschau nursing office from 1501, no longer appeared from 1533. Probably she went up in mass judgment.

Feudal relationships, transition to Bavaria (1628), village structures

1409 gave Pfalzgraf Johann "in name and stad" the king Rupert of the Rhine "the tithes about Zwey well Slyffperg and tithes about Zwey well Melsenrewt by marriage Feldt" as a fiefdom to Jakob Wyder of Puchelberg. In 1465 Jakob Wider received the same privileges that his father had received from King Rupprecht from Emperor Friedrich III. awarded. Hansen Krausen acquired these rights three years later, and Hansen Roten bought these rights in 1471. His sons Caspar and Hieronimus received it in 1481.

The Thirty Years 'War brought radical changes for the masses' political affiliation. As a result of the first years of the war with a series of defeats for the Palatinate-Bohemian troops, Duke Maximilian I received the Upper Palatinate, to which Massenricht also belonged, as compensation for the war costs in 1628. Massenricht became Bavarian , the rule of the Electoral Palatinate over the Upper Palatinate was ended. As the war continued, horsemen and musketeers from the imperial regiments Gonzaga and Count Maximilian von Walstein came to the area around Luhe in January 1637 and plundered the villages around Hirschau in the days around May 1st. The troops also raged in the masses. They threatened that they wanted to "prick and cling" to Mayor Konrad Meyer, and the farmers harassed them particularly badly. Then 40 residents moved out of Hirschau and arrested a lieutenant, an ensign, a sergeant, a corporal and a musketeer and took them to Hirschau. There they were forced to surrender their booty and to admit the attacks. Then they were released again with the exception of Sergeant Hans Veit.

A mill quarry was operated in Massenricht at the latest since 1660. The sandstone there was considered to be particularly suitable for the production of millstones. However, operations had to be stopped in 1893 due to water ingress.

In two lists from the end of the 18th century, Massenricht is mentioned as a village belonging to the Hirschau court , the Amberg rent office and the Regensburg diocese . Therefore, in the Amberg State Archives , Lehenhof Amberg there are a number of entries on the often small farms, such as the Sölden , or, as one entry reads, it was about the "tithe from half a quarter of the half farm to mass judgment", which was to be paid. Day laborers who owned no land also lived in the village. Even the smallholders, known as “mercenaries”, with little or no livestock, often worked as day laborers or craftsmen.

Not only today is Massenricht in the border area between counties, also in earlier times the village was always in the border area of ​​domains. So it is not surprising that a customs officer Mathias Luber from Massenricht is entered in the marriage register of the parish Ehenfeld in 1767. The mass judgments, which belonged to Hirschau, which was part of the Electoral Palatinate before the Thirty Years' War and since then, was part of the Bavarian region, lay between Vilseck in Bamberg and Freihung, Röthenbach and Kohlberg, which belonged to the Parkstein-Weiden community office . Parkstein-Weiden was administered as a condominium from 1421 to 1714 . From 1714 it was Sulzbachian .

Independent municipality (1818 to 1978)

Probably the oldest surviving postcard from Massenricht (postmarked March 28, 1915) shows a view of the village above and below a picture from the center of the village, Thomas Prösl's inn (former Schiffl inn), and on the right the Maria Hilf chapel from 1766

As part of the reforms that were initiated in Bavaria at the beginning of the 19th century and which were referred to as part of the “revolution from above”, the village communities were given greater independence in local issues on the one hand, and were more clearly assigned in fiscal and legal terms on the other. By the first Bavarian community edict in 1808 Massenricht was assigned to the tax district and the district court of Amberg and thus to the Naab district . The parish boundaries should exactly match the tax district boundaries. In addition, uniform land registers were created and the offices were divided into tax districts. After the Naabkreis was dissolved in favor of the Mainkreis and the Regenkreis , Massenricht was assigned to the Regenkreis in 1810 together with the Amberg district court (from 1838 on, the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg district ).

Through the second Bavarian municipal edict , which for the first time allowed the municipalities to self-govern, the place became one of the more than 8,500 conditionally independent political municipalities in 1818. The farmer Georg Luber jun., Who held this office until 1821, became the first mayor.

The Vilseck district court was founded in 1838, to which Massenricht, together with the tax communities of Adlholz , Ehenfeld, Gibbach , Gressenwöhr , Großschönbrunn , Hahnbach , Iber , Irlbach , Langenbruck , Schalkenthan , Schlicht , Seugast, Sigl , Süß and Vilseck, was assigned and separated from the Amberg district court .

As everywhere in Bavaria, the liberation of the peasants in 1848 fundamentally changed ownership and legal relationships, albeit in a lengthy process. Although the dissolution of feudal rights had already been considered in the 18th century, the peasants lacked the opportunity to redeem these rights themselves due to the lack of money. In 1799 the government first committed itself to the free peasant class as a state goal, but this was only partially achieved. In March 1848 peasant revolts broke out in Franconia, Swabia and Lower Bavaria; the peasants refused labor and taxes. Although the uprisings were suppressed, the process of changing rights was now under way.

At the same time, the Bavarian state government increasingly intervened in village conditions. In 1871 she ordered the establishment of voluntary fire brigades, which took place in Massenricht in 1884. The possibility of obtaining loans on acceptable terms was also promoted. In 1929, a savings and loan association was established, from which the Raiffeisenkasse Massenricht emerged.

At the First World War 69 men participated, of which 15 were killed and one was missing.

In 1923, Massenricht was connected to the local power grid. In 1997 and 1998 the roof stands were dismantled and underground cables were laid.

On Christmas Eve 1937 the first central water supply system in Massenricht was put into operation, to which ten participants were connected. Two households had their own drinking water supply since 1917. From 1977 the former municipality of Massenricht received water from the central water supply of Seugast. In 1992 this line was cut off. Since then, Massenricht has been supplied with water from Hirschau.

The first chapel was built in Massenricht as early as 1766, which had to be demolished in 1923 due to its dilapidation. After the project initially failed due to inflation , the construction of the village church began in 1926. It was consecrated on Easter Monday, April 9th, 1928, by Expositus Lanzl.

The Second World War also claimed numerous lives in the village. Of the 68 soldiers who participated in the war, 20 fell, 14 were missing, and 2 died of the consequences of the war in their homeland. Due to the exposed location of the mass direction, the fires after the bombing raids on Nuremberg could be observed during the Second World War , and the rumbling of aircraft and detonations could also be heard. The bombing raids on the city and the Grafenwöhr military training area on April 5 and 8, 1945 were also followed by contemporary witnesses from Massenricht. On April 22, 1945 in the morning the Americans marched through the village.

After the war, the population rose sharply due to the reception of refugees. This led to the fact that in November 1946 an emergency school had to be set up in the Gasthof Prösl (later Gasthaus Schiffl). In 1948 a school building could be built, which was maintained until 1976. From 1947 to 1951 Toni Donhauser, who later became a member of the state parliament, was a teacher there.

In 1956, a local association of the CSU, which continuously dominated the village, was created by the district chairman, District Councilor Karl Winkler. However, no minutes have been received from the founding meeting on January 18th. Pastor Heribert Kleinhempel, who was chairman of the CSU local association Ehenfeld and co-founder in 1955, had probably encouraged his sexton Sebastian Schärtl to found the building. He was succeeded by Mayor Josef Fick after ten years in office, then from 1973 to 1995 by Willi Fellner. Even after the incorporation, the local association remained independent.

Place name sign Massenricht from around 1970 with reference to the successes in the competition Our village should be more beautiful and belonging to the Altlandkreis Amberg

In the 1960s clubs and politicians began to revive tourism, especially the teacher and today's honorary citizen Hermann Frieser. In 1967, Massenricht won the district and was the first village in the Amberg-Sulzbach district to win the Upper Palatinate competition. Our village should be more beautiful . At the state level, it was awarded the bronze medal, street lighting was installed in the same year. The Upper Palatinate Forest Association, founded in 1968, gradually built a game reserve (1969), a forest nature trail, a mountain hut with a restaurant (1971) and the Rödlas observation tower (1977) in the 1960s and 1970s . In several places during this time there was talk of the Rödlaser leisure center or the Rödlaser tourist center .

On June 1, 1960, a post office was opened in Massenricht, which was closed again on March 31, 1974.

As part of the territorial reform , the district of Amberg , to which Massenricht belonged, was dissolved in 1972 and 1973. The community of Massenricht was assigned to the new district of Amberg-Sulzbach .

In 1974/75 the landlords Benno and Maria Rumpler closed their inn Goldener Löwe .

Incorporation

In order to achieve a balanced community size and to maintain the Freihung market as an independent community , the target planning of the government of the Upper Palatinate - above all the born Freihunger and Freihunger honorary citizen district administrator Hans Raß - envisaged the incorporation of Massenricht as part of the municipal area reform after Freihung. The first decision of the mass judge municipal council under Mayor Josef Fick on April 13, 1971 agreed with 5: 2 votes with the incorporation after Freihung. After this decision, civil unrest broke out in the community. This and a signature initiative moved the municipal council to withdraw the resolution passed in April on November 29, 1971. It was decided with 6: 1 votes to apply for integration or incorporation into the city of Hirschau. The local council justified this with the fact that Massenricht already belonged to the Hirschau registry office and maintained two school associations with Hirschau. It was further argued that 46 of 80 out-commuters were doing their work in Hirschau, whereas only 4 were active in Freihung and that Massenricht and Ehenfeld, which has belonged to Hirschau since January 1, 1971, formed a common parish.

In Hirschau, the mass judge's motion did not meet with approval from all the factions represented in the city ​​council . While Mayor Willi Bösl, the CSU and FW parliamentary groups voted for the incorporation of Massenricht, the SPD parliamentary group voted against it. At a Hirschau citizens' meeting on April 23, 1972, almost all of the 400 people present spoke out in favor of accepting mass judgments. On December 29, 1972, the city council voted by a majority for the incorporation of mass justice. Before that, the mass judge local council had confirmed its application for incorporation in Hirschau with 6: 3 votes. Freihungs mayor Georg Ernst and his market town council continued to fight with the support of District Administrator Hans Raß for the integration of Massenricht after Freihung. The community is geographically and economically assigned to the free hunger area. In addition, Massenricht would in future be supplied by the Seugast water pipe . Wastewater disposal could also only be done by connecting it to the Freihunger large-scale sewage treatment plant . In addition, the free hunger school could be given two classes through the incorporation of Massenrichts.

On March 29, 1973, 34 citizens of the community of Massenricht founded the citizens' initiative Massenricht in the Gasthaus Kummer in Obersteinbach. Johann Kummer, who had invited to the founding meeting, was elected chairman. The aim of the citizens' initiative was to integrate the community into Hirschau. The citizens' initiative received massive support from pastor Konrad Seidl in Ehenfeld, his successor Georg Dobmeier and the parish council. If they were connected to Freihung, they feared not only the preservation of the common parish, but also the existence of the school and the kindergarten that had existed since 1948 .

On April 1, 1974, Hirschau's mayor Willi Bösl received the message from the Ministry of the Interior that the mass judges consented to a secret vote. On May 26, 1974, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., 199 eligible voters were called to the urns set up in the school building. 116 (59.8 percent) of the valid votes went to Hirschau, 78 (40.2 percent) to Freihung. The hope that the unequivocal vote of the citizens and the municipal council would lead to the incorporation of mass judges in Hirschau as early as January 1, 1975, was not fulfilled. On August 8, 1975, the mass judge local council spoke again with 6: 3 votes in favor of a "voluntary incorporation" in Hirschau, also on December 3 and December 30, 1975. The reasoning referred to, among other things, the original promise of District Administrator Hans Raß said that "the mass judges could freely decide with whom they wanted to go together". On November 25, 1975, the Freihunger market council approved the incorporation of the community of Massenricht in accordance with the target planning of the government of the Upper Palatinate.

On March 23, 1976, the committee for constitutional, legal and municipal issues of the Bavarian state parliament dealt with the submission of the city of Hirschau. In the resolution passed with two abstentions, the state government was asked to incorporate the community of Massenricht into the city of Hirschau. The next day, the government of the Upper Palatinate announced that, contrary to the previous target planning, it was considering integrating the community of Massenricht into the city of Hirschau. The decision of the state parliament committee is decisive for this. The Amberger Zeitung reported on March 25th that this decision was taken on the intercession of the then member of the state parliament and later district administrator Hans Wagner , the reporter on this matter. District Administrator Dr. Hans Rass saw it as a wrong decision, but as a democrat he accepted it. On the other hand, his deputy and mayor of Hirschau, Willi Bösl and Member of the Bundestag Heinrich Aigner, were pleased .

In the ordinance on the reorganization of the communities in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach of April 9, 1976, it was finally determined in § 7 that the community of Massenricht will be incorporated into the city of Hirschau on May 1, 1978. The community with an area of ​​1163 hectares , 63 ares and 96 m², consisting of the districts Obersteinbach , Untersteinbach , the hamlets Rödlas and Träglhof , the desert Hummelmühle and the eponymous capital Massenricht, was incorporated into the town of Hirschau.

After the incorporation

The general death of inns in rural areas did not stop at mass judgments. As early as 1955, the inn Schiffl - formerly the inn owned by Thomas Prösl - was closed once and resumed in 1985, but finally closed at the end of May 2008. This means that there is no longer a restaurant in the town center. Since December 2006 there has only been the old law firm , which only offers drinks.

Since 2000 there have been new systematic house numbers in Massenricht.

In 2015 the Christmas tree in St. Peter's Square came out of the woods around Massenricht. The tree was felled on November 10, 2015 and prepared for transport in the following days. On November 14, 2015, the spruce was blessed in a mass judging by Auxiliary Bishop Reinhard Pappenberger and ceremoniously adopted on its way to Rome . After her arrival in Rome, the Christmas tree was set up on November 19, 2015.

Population development

In 1838 Massenricht consisted of 26 houses and 142 inhabitants. Another source from 1840 mentions 26 houses for Massenricht, but the number of inhabitants is given as 180. For 1866 180 inhabitants are also named.

In 1852 there were 75 families and 363 residents in the community of Massenricht.

In a work from the year 1868 figures are given for the entire community of Massenricht. A total of 329 residents and 198 buildings are named, which are divided among the six localities as follows: Hummelmühle 8 residents, 5 buildings; Mass direction 158 inhabitants and 86 buildings; Obersteinbach 69 inhabitants, 50 buildings; Rödlas 21 inhabitants, 12 buildings; Träglhof 14 residents, 9 buildings; Untersteinbach 69 inhabitants, 36 buildings.

Before the Second World War, the number of inhabitants in the municipality of Massenricht had decreased from 339 in 1933 to 292 in 1939. After the war, the population increased sharply due to the admission of refugees. In 1984 there lived in the area of ​​the former community of Massenricht 315, in 2007 366 people (Massenricht 212, Obersteinbach 100, Untersteinbach 23, Rödlas 23, Träglhof 6, Hummelmühle 2). In 2009, 343 people lived in the area of ​​the former municipality of Massenricht.

Religions

The religious confusion of the 16th and 17th centuries also affected the area around Massenricht. It can be assumed that Massenricht, which has always belonged to the Benefice and later to the Ehenfeld branch , changed denominations several times. In 1628, together with Ehenfeld, Massenricht finally became Catholic.

Ehenfeld is still independent as a parish, but has formed a pastoral care unit with Hirschau since 2003.

politics

Time before incorporation

From 1956 to 1978, the CSU was the only decisive political force in the then Massenricht community.

mayor

The first mayor of the community was Georg Luber jun., A farmer in Massenricht, from 1818 to 1821. He was followed in office:

  • 1821–? Franz Koll, Rödlas
  • 1830–1839 Sebastian Luber, Massenricht
  • 1843–? Sebastian Luber, Massenricht
  • 1864-1870 Luber
  • 1870–1876 Johann Heindl, Massenricht
  • 1876–1888 Georg Wisgickl, Massenricht
  • 1888–1894 Franz Rumpler, Massenricht
  • 1894–1900 Johann Wisgickl, Massenricht
  • 1900–1910 Thomas Prösl, Massenricht
  • 1910–1925 Sebastian Wisgickl, Rödlas
  • 1925–1933 Michael Fleischmann, Obersteinbach
  • 1933 Sebastian Trummer, Rödlas
  • 1933–1939 Baptist Prösl, Massenricht
  • 1939–1941 Wolfgang Wisgickl, Massenricht
  • 1941–1946 Johann Prösl, Obersteinbach
  • 1946–1948 Michael Fleischmann, Obersteinbach
  • 1948–1956 Johann Birkmüller, Massenricht
  • 1956–1966 Sebastian Wisgickl, Rödlas
  • 1966–1978 Josef Fick, Massenricht

Time after the incorporation

In today's elections, Massenricht is a separate constituency . The electoral district is congruent with the area of ​​the former municipality of Massenricht, i.e., in addition to Massenricht, it includes Obersteinbach, Untersteinbach, Rödlas, Träglhof and the Hummelmühle. The results below always relate to the constituency of Massenricht and thus to the voting behavior of the citizens living in the area of ​​the former municipality of Massenricht today.

Bundestag elections

In Bundestag elections, the CSU achieved above-average results in mass judgments, which were often at or even over 70%. In the 2017 federal election , the AfD will replace the SPD as the second strongest force.

Bundestag election results in mass judging (first votes)
voter turnout CSU AfD SPD GREEN FDP THE LEFT NPD BP Alliance 21 / RRP ÖDP FW Pirates
2002 78.49% 73.47% 22.45% 1.53% 1.53%     0.00%        
2005 78.46% 72.91% 15.76% 2.46% 0.49% 2.96% 3.45% 1.97%        
2009 67.60% 57.76% 11.80% 4.35% 8.70% 11.80% 5.59%   0.00%      
2013 64.30% 73.38% 12.34% 1.95% 0.65% 3.25% 3.25%     3.90% 1.30% 0.00%
2017 65.02% 58.06% 19.35% 6.45% 3.23% 3.87% 3.23%   1.29%   1.29% 3.23%  
Bundestag election results in mass judgments (second votes)
  CSU AfD SPD GREEN FDP THE LEFT NPD BP Alliance 21 / RRP ÖDP FW Pirates REP The animal welfare party
2002 78.76%   18.13% 1.04% 0.52%   0.00% 0.00%         0.52%  
2005 69.15%   13.93% 2.49% 1.49% 4.48% 3.98% 1.99%         2.49%  
2009 57.83%   6.63% 6.02% 10.24% 12.65% 3.01% 0.60% 0.00% 0.00%   1.81% 1.20% 0.00%
2013 69.03% 7.10% 11.61% 1.94% 2.58% 4.52% 0.65% 0.00% 0.00% 0.65% 0.00% 0.00% 1.29% 0.65%

State elections

The special feature of the state elections is that the mass judge belonging to the town of Hirschau was assigned to the Schwandorf district (district 307) as part of one of five municipalities from the Amberg-Sulzbach district until the 2008 state election . As a result of the constituency reform in 2011, Massenricht, as part of the city of Hirschau, has belonged again to the Amberg-Sulzbach constituency (constituency 301) since the 2013 state election .

State election results in mass judging (first votes)
voter turnout CSU SPD GREEN FDP THE LEFT REP NPD BP ÖDP FW Pirates
2008 58.40% 65.52% 5.52% 3.45% 1.38% 6.90% 0.69% 6.21% 0.69% 0.69% 8.97%  
2013 60.17% 67.83% 11.19% 2.10% 1.40% 1.40% 1.40% 1.40% 0.70% 2.80% 8.39% 1.40%
State election results in mass judgments (second votes)
CSU SPD GREEN FDP THE LEFT REP NPD BP ÖDP FW Pirates Alliance 21 / RRP
2008 70.14% 5.56% 2.08% 2.78% 7.64% 0.69% 3.47% 0.69% 1.39% 5.56%   0.00%
2013 70.42% 9.86% 2.11% 1.41% 2.11% 2.11% 2.11% 0.70% 2.11% 5.63% 1.41%  

Culture and sights

Buildings

St. Josef village church with a war memorial

St. Josef village church

A Maria-Hilf chapel was built in Massenricht as early as 1766, but it was demolished in 1923 because it was in disrepair. In a second attempt - the first project failed because the money collected had become worthless due to inflation in 1923 - the current village church was built between 1926 and 1928. On Easter Monday, April 9, 1928, it was consecrated to St. Joseph by Expositus Lanzl .

The village church is in the Bavarian Monument List of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under file no. D-3-71-127-57 led.

Goose hat marterl

Goose hat marterl

The Gänshutmarterl has been located on the road that branches off from the AS 18 district road towards Obersteinbach since 1967 . Before that, it was on a linden tree that was planted by Johann Rodler on the former goose hat.

On a 1.65 m high dolomite rises a 1.17 m high cross made of cast iron with the inscription "18 JR 75". The letters "JR" stand for Johann Rodler's initials. A picture of the Madonna and Child Jesus painted on sheet metal is embedded in the stone under the cross.

The Marterl is in the Bavarian Monument List of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under file no. D-3-71-127-59 led.

War memorial

At a preparatory meeting for the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the volunteer fire brigade in 1984, it was suggested that a war memorial should be erected in Massenricht. The place to the left of the church stairs was chosen as the location. The granite stone for the memorial was donated by the stonemason Richard Roith from Kohlberg, who also designed and built the war memorial. A large part of the cost of the bronze parts and the working time in the amount of 3784.50 DM could be raised through grants and donations, the remaining amount of 1608.10 DM was distributed to the households in Massenricht, Rödlas and Träglhof through a pay-as-you-go system. The inauguration of the war memorial took place as part of the 100th anniversary celebration of the volunteer fire brigade on August 25, 1984. The church consecration was carried out by the pastor of Ehenfeld, Josef Kannathukuzhy.

Micherlmarterl

The Micherlmarterl is located on the AS 18 district road after Freihung, a 2.30 m walled and plastered marterl made of rubble stones. It has a tapered tile roof.

In the picture niche there is currently a statue of Our Lady. A source from 1984 documents that at this point in time, a picture of the Mother of God with the baby Jesus painted on sheet metal was attached to the picture niche. The inscription on the picture read: "Mary of Perpetual Help, pray for us."

It is not known when the Marterl was built. It is said to have been built by Johann Wisgickl (Micherl). The occasion is said to have been a difficult birth of the wife.

The Marterl is in the Bavarian Monument List of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under file no. D-3-71-127-58 led.

Rödlaser mountain hut

The Rödlaser mountain hut in the Rödlas district is owned by the local group of the Upper Palatinate Forest Association (OWV). It is especially frequented by recreational guests and hikers who use the hiking trails in the area.

Construction work on the first construction phase of the Rödlaser Berghütte began in December 1970. The building with a floor area of ​​12 × 21 meters was opened in July 1971. In the following decades, the Rödlaser Berghütte was enlarged twice, the last time in 1990, to its current size of 400 square meters each on the ground floor and in the basement. All of this represented a tremendous financial feat for the OWV. The addition in 1990 alone, for example, cost just under a million marks. The association was only able to shoulder this amount through immense personal contributions, monetary and material donations and grants. In addition, there was income from renting the Rödlasturm to mobile phone providers, who set up their antennas there. Since 1972 the mountain hut has also been the home of the mass judges, hut shooters.

Rödlasturm

Rödlasturm

The Rödlasturm is a 32 meter high observation tower at 570 m above sea level. NN. Like the Rödlaser Berghütte, the tower was built by the local mass judge group of the Upper Palatinate Forest Association . When the weather is clear, it offers a view of the two basalt cones Parkstein and Rauher Kulm as well as the Fichtelgebirge (with Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg ) and the Steinwald , in the east of the Upper Palatinate Forest and the area of ​​the Czech Republic and in the west of the mountains of Franconian Switzerland . Since the end of the 1990s, the observation tower has been used by several mobile phone providers as an antenna location. In 2014 and 2015, the observation tower was renovated as part of the Geological Expedition - Upper Palatinate and Western Bohemia project. The measures were subsidized from funds from the Objective 3 program for cross-border cooperation between the Free State of Bavaria-Czech Republic 2007–2013 and the city of Hirschau.

Rosenhof

The Rosenhof, built in 1968 by Josef and Edeltraud Kustner, was a dance hall and later a guesthouse and restaurant that was well known beyond the borders of the district. Due to the landlady's early death, it was closed in 1991. After that, the Rosenhof served as an apartment building. It was almost completely destroyed in a fire on September 16, 2004.

Sweden marter

Sweden marter

Sweden marter

( Location ) On the road to Freihung at the junction to the Rosenhof there is an approximately 1.50 m high and 30 cm wide stone monolith made of Seugast sandstone, which is known as the "Schwedenmarter". It is one of the few religious landmarks in the area that survived the destruction of witnesses of popular piety during the secularization . Originally, the Schwedenmarter, flanked by two stone stumps of unknown purpose, stood a little outside of the village to the right of the Micherlmarterl. On the occasion of the beautification of the village, the hall monument was moved from its original location by around 200 meters to the edge of the village at the time.

The monolith bears a raised cross. The torture is crowned by a headstone protruding on three sides and thus occupies a middle position between a cross stone and a wayside shrine . The strikingly flat roof-shaped cobblestone fell down in 1925 and was put back on. The letters "MM" can be read on the eaves side; underneath is the year "1632". An otherwise common pictorial niche is missing. A recess on the right edge of the shaft may have come from an earlier offering.

The cause of the establishment of the torture has been forgotten. A legend connects the land monument with the Swedes. The reason for this was probably the year 1632 on the torture. According to legend, the Swedes dragged a peasant out of the village, tied by a ponytail. Another triggered it with a leather cap full of money. As a thank you, the farmer erected the hall monument.

Steinbacher Weg Marterl

Steinbacher Weg Marterl

The so-called Steinbacher-Weg-Marterl is on the left-hand side of the road between Massenricht and Obersteinbach. The sandstone marterl is 1.34 m high and 35 cm wide. In the picture niche there is a picture of the Madonna and Child.

According to tradition, the Marterl was built by a Georg Wisgickl. His wife is said to have suffered from open feet. Wisgickl is said to have taken a vow while working in the fields to erect a marterl if his wife gets well again. The recovery actually occurred and Wisgickl kept his promise.

Regular events

Every year on the Saturday before February 2nd, a lantern hike takes place at the Rödlaser Berghütte on the occasion of the feast of Mariä Lichtmess . Then you meet in the mountain hut for a musicians' meeting.

Every year on Easter Sunday, the volunteer fire brigade organizes the Easter dance in the Rödlaser mountain hut.

Since 1977, on August 15th ( Assumption of Mary ) at the foot of the Rödlasturm, the tower festival has been taking place with a morning service and a herb consecration .

Since 2003, the Kirwa has been danced every third weekend in September.

societies

Old fire station in Massenricht that was in use until July 2009
New fire station in Massenricht, which was converted into a fire station after it had served its purpose as a branch of the Raiffeisenbank

Voluntary fire brigade mass direction

On the basis of the fire-fighting regulations issued by the Würzburg District Court on April 16, 1864 and adopted by the royal government in Regensburg on November 8, 1871, the Massenricht volunteer fire service was founded on May 22, 1884. In 1937 the fire brigades were dissolved and fire fighting was subordinated to the Ministry of Fire Brigade and Air Protection . After the end of the “Third Reich”, the volunteer fire brigade was reorganized. On May 3, 1948, a general assembly was held for the first time and a new board of directors was elected. The first fire station with a hose tower was built in 1959 and was in service until 2009. After renovation work, which the mass judges carried out mostly on their own, the former bank building was given its new purpose as a fire station and inaugurated on July 4, 2009.

Concordia Massenricht cyclist association

The cycling club even angered the clergy. In 1925, Expositus Lanzl wrote: "To make matters worse, the Concordia cycling club was founded in Massenricht." However, the association was dissolved in the Third Reich and the association's assets were distributed among the members.

Savings and loan association

The Raiffeisenkasse Massenricht emerged from the savings and loan association founded on November 28, 1929, and merged with Raiffeisenbank Kohlberg to form Raiffeisenbank Kohlberg-Massenricht in 1970. The bank building in Massenricht was inaugurated on October 27, 1968. After the bank branch closed in 2002, the building stood empty for a few years. In 2006 the city of Hirschau acquired the building. It has been used as a fire station since 2009.

CSU local association Massenricht

There is no record of the founding assembly of the CSU local association Massenricht. The correctness of the founding date January 18, 1956, however, is proven by a reminder letter from Georg Heil, the then managing director of the CSU Amberg-Land. Since people in Amberg did not know who the local chairman was, Heil turned to Mayor Sebastian Wisgickl. Heil wrote that the district chairman, District Councilor Karl Winkler from Schlicht, founded the CSU local association in Massenricht on January 18, 1956, and that the association had 17 members.

Some of the founding members were already organized at the district level before the foundation of the local association, for example the chairman Sebastian Schärtl, who was sexton in the chapel in Massenricht at the time the local association was founded. Pastor Kleinhempel from Ehenfeld, who looked after the chapel, was chairman of the CSU local association Ehenfeld, which he himself had founded six months earlier in June 1955. Pastor Kleinhempel probably encouraged his sacristan to found a CSU association.

Rödlaser mountain hut

Upper Palatinate Forest Association

The branch association founded on April 9, 1968, under the direction of the teacher Hermann Frieser, set up a game reserve and a forest nature trail in 1970 in the Rödlas district , which were opened on July 12. Also in 1970 the association began building the Rödlaser mountain hut as a log cabin, which was ceremoniously opened on October 24, 1971 and expanded in 1990. In 1977 the construction of the Rödlasturm as an observation tower began. The folk dance group Massenricht also belongs to the Oberpfälzer Waldverein Massenricht.

Hut shooters mass direction

The hut shooters, founded on April 21, 1972, maintain a shooting operation with several teams in the air rifle and air pistol disciplines. Since 1981 the club has been taking part in Gau round competitions in the Schützengau Sulzbach-Rosenberg. The club's sports facilities were located in the basement of the hut until the Rödlaser mountain hut was expanded. The hall of the mountain hut has been used for shooting since 1993.

Earth history expedition

In 2014 and 2015, the Rödlas observation tower was renovated as part of the Geological History Expedition - Upper Palatinate and Western Bohemia project and a geology trail was built. The measures were subsidized from funds from the Objective 3 program for cross-border cooperation between the Free State of Bavaria-Czech Republic 2007–2013 and the city of Hirschau.

Economy, education and infrastructure

economy

Mill quarry

A millstone quarry was operated in Massenricht since 1660, but had to be closed around 1870 due to water ingress. Because of their good quality, millstones from Massenricht were in demand nationwide, as is proven by an entry in the statistics of customs united and northern Germany from 1858. There, Massenricht is mentioned in a number of sandstone quarries from all over Germany.

Mining was also active in the area around Massenricht. In Freihung there are lead ore deposits that were mined, in Seugast there are also sandstone, which was mainly used as building material, and in Ehenfeld clay .

Massenricht was oriented towards agriculture and characterized by farms. Today there are still five large agricultural properties in Massenricht, as well as a carpenter's workshop, a plastering and stucco business (painting company), a contractor and several other small businesses. Many of the residents of Massenricht are forced to commute to the surrounding area.

education

In mass judgments, one wavered for a long time between the desire for one's own school and the realities that opposed it. The building costs and later the maintenance of the teacher were unaffordable for the community of Massenricht. In its resolution of September 17, 1871, the local council spoke out against the establishment of a school:

"... 3. If we would only receive construction charges with a school house, because we also have to pay to the sacristan after Ehenfeld in the future.
4. Will our children become stronger and healthier through going to school and then give more useful and healthy soldiers.
5. Will our children make more progress in their upbringing and education because the school in Ehenfeld is divided and one teacher does not have all the courses. "

When manual and tensioning services had to be performed for the extension of the school in Ehenfeld in 1887 and 615 guilders and 30 kreuzers had to be paid and a third teacher was necessary in 1906, the decision was made to build their own school. Several building sites were proposed and rejected as unsuitable until a favorable location was found in the east of the village in 1911, on the right-hand side of the road in the direction of Obersteinbach. By a legally binding government decision of December 19, 1913, the community of Massenricht was trained from the Ehenfeld elementary school and had to establish its own school district. In 1914, the purchase of the site was notarized. The groundbreaking ceremony for the project, which is estimated at 28,100 marks, would have been done soon if the First World War had not prevented this.

Newspaper clipping from the Amberger Volkszeitung from April 27, 1928

During the Third Reich , efforts were made to find a school. An article in the Amberger Volkszeitung on April 27, 1928 read:

“The village of Massenricht is right in the middle of the“ railway desert ”on the Weiden-Neukirchen line. Along with the towns of Rödlhof, Röslas, Ober- and Untersteinbach, it also belongs to the Ehenfeld school community. The way there is long and arduous, it leads through the "Kirchwald" and over the "Berg". For years, people have longed for a remedy by building a schoolhouse. But the tiresome money forms an almost insurmountable wall. After the local village made huge sacrifices with the recently completed construction of a new church, it is now up to the district, district and government to raise funds for a new school building. "

In 1945/46, the number of students increased sharply as a result of the influx of refugees. Therefore, on November 20, 1946, an emergency school was opened in the Prösl inn with a service in the neighboring chapel.

On October 17, 1949, the school in Massenricht was inaugurated. Teaching continued there until the school was closed in 1976. The building was sold to Hermann Frieser on July 7, 1977.

Today the children from the former municipality attend the elementary school in Ehenfeld, the secondary school in Hirschau and the secondary schools in Amberg and Weiden .

traffic

Massenricht can be reached from Hirschau via Ehenfeld after seven kilometers via the AS 18 district road or after six kilometers via secondary roads from Kohlberg . From Freihung you can reach Massenricht via the AS 18 via Elbart after about five kilometers.

It is 20 km from Massenricht to the Wernberg-Köblitz junction of the A93 motorway . The A6 motorway can be reached from Massenricht either via the A 93 motorway, Wernberg-Köblitz junction, and then via the Oberpfälzer Wald junction after 23 km or via the Amberg-West junction after 29 km.

Massenricht is connected to local public transport with two bus routes. These are the RBO line 59 via Lintach to Amberg ( VGN line 459) and the Hirschau local line service, which connects some of the districts in the northern district of Hirschaus (RBO line 6334, VGN line 468).

The nearest train stations are in Freihung (5 km), in Röthenbach (6 km) and Vilseck (14 km), which are on the Neukirchen – Weiden railway line . The Wernberg-Köblitz station (21 km) is on the Regensburg – Weiden railway line and the Amberg station (26 km) on the Nuremberg – Schwandorf railway line .

Bike paths

Massenricht is approached by several cycle paths. The 525 km long Euregio Egrensis long- distance cycle path Bavaria – Bohemia comes from Röthenbach (Kohlberg) and continues via Massenricht to Thansüß . In addition, the 16 km long Vils-Haidenaab cycle path leads through the center of Massenricht. This connects the Vilstal with the Heidenaab valley .

Personalities

Certificate for the appointment of Hermann Frieser as an honorary citizen
Hermann Frieser 2012

Honorary citizen

The only honorary citizen of the former community of Massenricht is Hermann Frieser (born April 8, 1939 in Grafenwöhr ). From September 1, 1965, he was a teacher at the school in Massenricht and founding chairman of the Massenricht branch of the Oberpfälzer Waldverein. Under his leadership, the deer enclosure, the observation tower, the mountain hut and the forest nature trail were built. During the opening of the Rödlaser Berghütte on October 24, 1971, Frieser was made an honorary citizen of the community of Massenricht. The certificate of appointment signed by Mayor Fick at the time reads: "In recognition of his services to the beautification of the village and the maintenance of the community, Mr. Hermann Frieser is made an honorary citizen of the community of Massenricht."

From 1976 to 2003 Frieser was a district home nurse in the Amberg-Sulzbach district . In addition to the folk dance group Massenricht and the singing group "Freihunger Moila", Frieser launched numerous other groups. On May 20, 2007, Frieser was awarded the Hanns Seidel Foundation's honorary prize as part of the day of folk music by Hans Zehetmair , which is awarded to people "who, in addition to making their own music, volunteer to promote folk music for young people".

Sons and daughters of the former community of Massenricht

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Toni Donhauser (born March 13, 1921 - December 22, 1990) was a teacher in Massenricht from April 4, 1947 to 1951. He recommended the community's own shepherd's meadow as a location for the school as a building site acceptable to all. Donhauser was a member of the Bavarian State Parliament from 1974 to 1982 .

literature

  • Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968.
  • Mass direction In: Franz X. Bogner: In the valley of Vils and Lauterach. Regensburg 2001, pp. 23-25.
  • Rödlas. In: Franz X. Bogner: The Naab. Regensburg, 2004, pp. 64-69.
  • Matthias Conrad: Sweden marter in mass direction. In: The Eisengau. Volume 11, Amberg 1999, pp. 116-188.
  • Commemorative publication of the Massenricht volunteer fire brigade for the 125th anniversary of the founding celebration. Mass judging 2009.
  • Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner: Historischer Atlas von Bayern. Issue 24, Munich 1971. (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
  • Alfred Härtl : Places of Reflection . Churches • chapels • Marterln • wayside shrines • wayside crosses in the town of Hirschau. 1st edition. Härtl-Verlag, Hirschau 2000, ISBN 3-9800725-6-8 , p. 100-118 .

Web links

Commons : Mass Direction  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 51.
  2. ↑ Districts - city of Hirschau, district of Amberg-Sulzbach (AS) - Bavarian authorities guide. In: behoerdenwegweiser.bayern.de. Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior , accessed on November 27, 2012 .
  3. ↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 3.
  4. ↑ a b c Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 45.
  5. ↑ a b Hans Frank: Historical book of place names of Bavaria Upper Palatinate . City and district of Amberg. Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History. 1st edition. Buchdruckerei Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz via Regensburg 1975, ISBN 3-7696-9891-6 , p. 62 .
  6. ↑ a b Ignatz Biechl: Complete description of all in the Duchy of the Upper Palatinate, the Landgraviate of Leuchtenberg and other Upper Palatinate imperial rulers, Mauth, forest, mining offices, and iron hammers, abbey, cities, markets, court markets, noble seats, and Landsassen Gütter, as such are neatly divided into the nursing courts, item of all their castles, villages, and wastelands, rivers, lakes, burgs, and forests. Munich 1783, p. 71 (available online on Google Books )
  7. ^ A b Johann W. Melchinger: Geographisches Statistisch-Topographisches Lexikon von Baiern. Ulm 1796, p. 245 (available online on Google Books )
  8. ↑ GeoTour information board at Rödlas, available online at geotouren.as  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.geotouren-as.de  
  9. ^ A b Franz Bogner: In the valley of Vils and Lauterach Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2001, p. 23, ISBN 3-7917-1755-3 .
  10. ↑ AmbiWeb GmbH: KLIMA: MASSENRICHT. In: CLIMATE-DATA.ORG. AmbiWeb GmbH, accessed on February 26, 2015 .
  11. ^ Dietrich Jürgen Manske: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 164 Regensburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1981, pp. 53–54. →  Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  12. ^ Stefan Glaser, Gertrud Keim, Georg Loth, Andreas Veit, Barbara Bessler-Veit, Ulrich Lagally: Geotopes in the Upper Palatinate . Ed .: Bavarian State Office for the Environment. 1st edition. 2007, ISBN 978-3-940009-92-0 , pp. 47 .
  13. ↑ Dr. Dietrich-Jürgen Manske : The Amberg Sulzbach district in the mirror of the times . S. 9–46 ( heimatforschung-regensburg.de [PDF]).
  14. ↑ a b Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 46.
  15. ↑ a b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 113.
  16. ↑ Anna Schiener: Small history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 107.
  17. ↑ a b c d Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 47.
  18. ↑ Commemorative publication of the Massenricht volunteer fire brigade for the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 52.
  19. ^ Tithing from half a quarter of the half yard zu Massenricht Owner: Conrad Rumpler. Period: 1690–1692. Signature: Staatsarchiv Amberg, Lehenhof Amberg 321  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gda.bayern.de  
  20. ^ Franz Bogner: In the valley of Vils and Lauterach Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2001, p. 28, ISBN 3-7917-1755-3 .
  21. ↑ Max Spindler, Gertrud Diepolder: Bayerischer Geschichtsatlas , Munich 1969, p. 31 (available online at www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de )
  22. ^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner: Historischer Atlas von Bayern. Issue 24, Munich 1971, p. 141 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
  23. ↑ Handbook of the Bavarian offices, municipalities and courts 1799 - 1980 in connection with Richard Bauer, Reinhard Heydenreuter, Gerhard Heyl, Emma Mages, Max Piendl, August Scherl, Bernhard Zittel ed. by Wilhelm Volkert, full professor at the University of Regensburg, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 .
  24. ^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner, Historischer Atlas von Bayern , Heft 24, Munich 1971, p. 142 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
  25. ↑ History. ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the city of Vilseck @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vilseck.de
  26. ^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner: Historischer Atlas von Bayern. Issue 24, Munich 1971, p. 146 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
  27. ^ Government sheet for the Kingdom of Bavaria, Munich 1838, p. 537 (available online on Google Books )
  28. ↑ a b Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 27 ff.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Festschrift of the volunteer fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 50.
  30. ↑ a b c d e Georg and Johann Luber: Festschrift for the home festival of the parish Ehenfeld 1975. Ehenfeld 1975, p. 44.
  31. ↑ a b c d Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 49.
  32. ↑ a b Commemorative publication of the Massenricht volunteer fire brigade for the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 48.
  33. ↑ Georg and Johann Luber: Festschrift for the home festival of the parish Ehenfeld 1975. Ehenfeld 1975, p. 45.
  34. ↑ a b Festschrift of the voluntary fire brigade Massenricht on the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 55 ff.
  35. ^ A b c Werner Schulz: Successful festive evening for the 50-year-old of the CSU mass judging. Ceremonial address by Werner Schulz - Dr. Harald Schwartz describes the mass judge CSU as a "model local association". In: kaolinpott.de. webplexity, April 18, 2006, accessed November 6, 2012 .
  36. ↑ There should be a lookout tower as early as 1902 , Amberger Volksblatt, August 16, 1977
  37. ↑ Amberg-Sulzbach district - history. Amberg-Sulzbach district, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  38. ↑ a b c d e f Werner Schulz: 40 years ago, tough struggle to integrate the mass judges in Hirschau. City of Hirschau, May 18, 2012, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  39. ↑ THE POPE'S CHRISTMAS TREE HAS FALLED. In: massenricht.de. Oberpfälzer Waldverein - Zweigverein Massenricht eV, November 13, 2015, accessed on November 13, 2015 .
  40. ^ A piece of Upper Palatinate in the Vatican. In: br.de. Bayerischer Rundfunk, November 13, 2015, archived from the original on November 17, 2015 ; accessed on November 23, 2015 .
  41. ^ Diocese (Regensburg), Joseph Lipf: Register of the Diocese of Regensburg. Regensburg 1838, p. 132 (available online on Google Books )
  42. ↑ Max Siebert: The Kingdom of Bavaria topographically and statistically in lexicographical and tabular form. Munich 1840, p. 219 (available online on Google Books )
  43. ^ Wilhelm Hoffmann: Encyclopedia of Earth, Ethnology and State Studies. Leipzig 1866, p. 1505 (available online on Google Books )
  44. ^ Pleickard Stumpf: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom. Munich 1852, p. 526 (available online on Google Books )
  45. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter, Bavaria: Landes- und Volkskunde des Konigreichs Bayern , Munich, 1868, p. 648 (available online on Google Books )
  46. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Amberg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  47. ↑ Obersteinbach ( Memento of the original from January 24, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Website of the city of Hirschau  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hirschau.de
  48. ↑ Untersteinbach  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Website of the city of Hirschau@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hirschau.de  
  49. ↑ Roedlas  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Website of the city of Hirschau@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hirschau.de  
  50. ↑ Traeglhof  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Website of the city of Hirschau@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hirschau.de  
  51. ↑ He appears in Königlich Bavarian Intelligence Gazette for the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg , Regensburg 1845, Sp. 39/40 as a quittant.
  52. ↑ a b c d election results Amberg-Sulzbach constituency Gasth. Schiffl Massenricht (0009) ( Memento from June 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  53. ↑ a b Result of the 2009 Bundestag election on September 27, 2009 in the Amberg-Sulzbach district ( Memento from June 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  54. ↑ a b Result of the 2013 Bundestag election on September 22, 2009 in the Amberg-Sulzbach district ( Memento from June 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  55. ↑ Result of the 2017 federal election on September 24, 2017 constituency Amberg - district Amberg-Sulzbach - city Hirschau - constituency fire station Massenricht (0009)
  56. ↑ a b Result of the 2008 state elections on September 28, 2008 Schwandorf district - Amberg-Sulzbach district - Hirschau district - Massenricht fire station district (9)
  57. ↑ a b Result of the 2013 state election on September 15, 2013 District Amberg-Sulzbach - District Amberg-Sulzbach - City of Hirschau - District Fire Station Massenricht (0009)  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.amberg-sulzbach.de  
  58. ↑ a b c d e f Georg Luber: House names and farm history of the former community of Massenricht . Mass straightening 1984.
  59. ^ Hans Neubauer: Chronicle of the village church St. Josef Massenricht. Massenricht, August 1995
  60. ↑ et: opened in 1971. Everything starts with an injured fawn. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, August 25, 2012, accessed on November 26, 2014 .
  61. ↑ Alois Laumer: Massenricht. In: www.oberpfalz-luftbild.de. Retrieved October 29, 2012 (aerial photos from Massenricht).
  62. ↑ Rödlas tower remains. Grant enables renovation and much more. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, August 20, 2014, accessed on September 2, 2014 .
  63. ↑ Uli Piehler: 6000 euros for every year. Oberpfälzer Waldverein renovates Rödlas tower. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, June 12, 2014, accessed on September 2, 2014 .
  64. ^ Press spokesman Markus Roth: Grant for the Upper Palatinate Forest Association. In: www.regierung.oberpfalz.bayern.de. Press office of the government of the Upper Palatinate, November 9, 2015, accessed on November 9, 2015 .
  65. ↑ et: Fire in mass direction: 750,000 euros damage. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, September 17, 2004, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  66. ↑ et: Saved from the balcony at the last minute. Man trapped in fire and smoke in a fire in a house - 750,000 euros damage. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, September 17, 2004, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  67. ^ A b Matthias Conrad, Der Eisengau vol. 11/1999 , Amberg 1999, p. 116 ff.
  68. ↑ a b c Alfred Härtl : Places of reflection . Churches • chapels • Marterln • wayside shrines • wayside crosses in the town of Hirschau. 1st edition. Härtl-Verlag, Hirschau 2000, ISBN 3-9800725-6-8 , p.  106, 107 .
  69. ^ Alfred Härtl: Places of reflection . Churches • chapels • Marterln • wayside shrines • wayside crosses in the town of Hirschau. 1st edition. Härtl-Verlag, Hirschau 2000, ISBN 3-9800725-6-8 , p. 110 .
  70. ^ Günther Jäger: Tradition with music. Sing and dance after the candlelight hike. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, February 4, 2008, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  71. ^ Günther Jäger: Finally, Feuerzangenbowle. Light measurement hike by the Oberpfälzer Waldverein Massenricht has a long tradition. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, February 4, 2011, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  72. ↑ Günther Jäger: Big crowd under the tower. Oberpfälzer Waldverein Massenricht once again organizes a festival on Rödlaser Berg - church service. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, August 18, 2007, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  73. ^ Commemorative publication of the Massenricht volunteer fire brigade for the 125th anniversary of the founding party, Massenricht 2009, p. 31.
  74. ↑ The bank is now a fire station. Mass judges convert the former Raiffeisen building - inauguration in July and 125th anniversary. In: onetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, July 1, 2009, accessed on June 29, 2016 .
  75. ^ Hütten - Schützen Massenricht eV in Heimatfest 2000 - parish Ehenfeld
  76. ↑ Rödlas tower remains. Grant enables renovation and much more. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, August 20, 2014, accessed on September 2, 2014 .
  77. ↑ Uli Piehler: 6000 euros for every year. Oberpfälzer Waldverein renovates Rödlas tower. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, June 12, 2014, accessed on September 2, 2014 .
  78. ^ Press spokesman Markus Roth: Grant for the Upper Palatinate Forest Association. In: www.regierung.oberpfalz.bayern.de. Press office of the government of the Upper Palatinate, November 9, 2015, accessed on November 9, 2015 .
  79. ↑ Dr. Georg von Viebahn (Hrsg.): Statistics of the customs united and northern Germany . First part. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1858, p. 793 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  80. ↑ Exciting journey into the Cretaceous Period ( Memento of the original from April 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on oberpfalznetz.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oberpfalznetz.de
  81. ↑ Amberg - Lintach - Kemnath a. Buchberg - Mass Direction. (pdf; 22 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 459 - VGN). (No longer available online.) In: znas.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Amberg-Sulzbach, November 14, 2011, archived from the original on June 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.znas.de
  82. ↑ Local line traffic in Hirschau. (pdf; 14 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 468 - VGN). (No longer available online.) In: znas.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Amberg-Sulzbach, July 25, 2012, archived from the original on June 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.znas.de
  83. ↑ Relation: Euregio-Egrensis-Radfernweg Bavaria-Bohemia (4789623). In: openstreetmap.org. OpenStreetMap Foundation, November 9, 2015, accessed November 9, 2015 .
  84. ↑ Vils-Haidenaab cycle path. In: freizeitalpin.com. David Schäffler - advertising agency, November 9, 2015, accessed November 9, 2015 .
  85. ↑ Annual report of the Hanns Seidel Foundation 2007. Munich 2008, p. 35 (available online at hss.de ; PDF; 5.3 MB)
  86. ↑ Adele Schütz: "Has turned the village upside down". The former district home nurse Hermann Frieser is 75 and doesn't believe in retirement yet. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, April 12, 2014, accessed on September 2, 2014 .
  87. ^ Didactics of Biology: Staff: Franz X. Bogner on the website of the University of Bayreuth
  88. ↑ Barbara Eisvogel: "Making a fulfilled life possible". Church blessing for the Frater Sympert Fleischmann dorm in Straubing. In: misericordia. Barmherzige Brüder Bayerische Ordensprovinz KdöR, accessed on March 17, 2016 .
  89. ^ Letter from the Office of the Federal President of April 26, 2016
  90. ↑ Even setbacks did not put MR off the road to success. The merger in the machine and operating aid ring has proven itself - and this has been true for 40 years. Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG, March 16, 2010, accessed on October 25, 2012 .
  91. ↑ Hildegard Kohl receives Bavarian State Medal for Social Merit. In: massenricht.de. Oberpfälzer Waldverein - Zweigverein Massenricht eV, November 1st, 2015, accessed on November 1st, 2015 .
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 14, 2012 in this version .