Vils (Naab)

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Vils
Course of the Vils east of the Franconian Alb

Course of the Vils east of the Franconian Alb

Data
Water code EN : 148
location Germany , Bavaria
River system Danube
Drain over Naab  → Danube  → Black Sea
source Vilsquelle in Kleinschönbrunn, municipality of Freihung
49 ° 34 ′ 56 ″  N , 11 ° 52 ′ 50 ″  E
Source height approx.  453  m above sea level NHN
muzzle In Kallmünz from the right and north in the Naab coordinates: 49 ° 9 '32 "  N , 11 ° 57' 19"  E 49 ° 9 '32 "  N , 11 ° 57' 19"  E
Mouth height approx.  338  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 115 m
Bottom slope approx. 1.3 ‰
length 87.4 km
Catchment area 1,238.74 km²
Discharge at the Dietldorf
A Eo gauge : 1100 km²
Location: 6.2 km above the mouth 		NNQ (November 2nd, 1963)
MNQ 1963–2006
MQ 1963–2006
Mq 1963–2006
 MHQ 1963–2006 HHQ ( February 1, 1970 )
 3.74 m³ / s
6.63 m³ / s
10.6 m³ / s
9.6 l / (s km²)
 48 m³ / s
96.5 m³ / s
Right tributaries Frankenohe
Medium-sized cities On the mountain
Small towns Vilseck
Communities Freihung , Hahnbach , Poppenricht , Kümmersbruck , Ensdorf , Rieden , Schmidmühlen , Kallmünz

The Vils is an approximately 87 km long right tributary of the Naab in the Upper Palatinate , which flows into the lower Naab in the Markt Kallmünz in the district of Regensburg after about a southern course.

Surname

The river name "Vils" occurs several times in the Bavarian and Austrian regions. It is not clear where the name comes from. The term could be derived from the Germanic word “felvo” for “pasture”.

geography

source

Vilsquelle in Kleinschönbrunn

The Vils rises at about 453  m above sea level. NHN in Kleinschönbrunn in the Freihung market in the Amberg-Sulzbach district on a water-retaining layer at the base of the limestone layers of the Upper Jura. The source is a so-called layer source . The source discharge is relatively constant at 11 liters per second.

course

For the first five kilometers or so, it flows north-northeast towards Freihung. At the southwestern edge of the village it turns abruptly to the west and crosses the wooded landscape with the Forstlohe in the south and the Grafenwöhr military training area in the north, where it crosses into the district of Vilseck .

There it turns to the south-southeast and then flows through the districts of the Hahnbach market and the Poppenricht community . Then on its middle course it crosses the independent city of Amberg , the largest place on its banks. In a steady direction, it runs through the districts and main towns of the communities of Kümmersbruck and Ensdorf .

When it enters the Markt Rieden area , it continues to flow approximately south and then takes in the following Markt Schmidmühlen from the right, the almost 35 kilometers long Lauterach , by far its longest tributary. On the remainder of the lower reaches, the Hohenfels military training area in the Neumarkt district in the Upper Palatinate initially borders on the right , which is briefly opposite to the urban area of Burglengenfeld in the Schwandorf district . It then flows into the district of Kallmünz in the district of Regensburg and flows into the main town at about 338  m above sea level. NHN from the right into the lower Naab .

The current course of the Vils emerged from three other rivers during the Ice Ages. In the area of ​​the Vilsecker Mulde, the Vils ran east and originally flowed into the Haidenaab . The breakthrough at Gumpenhof came about through a receding stream . So the course of the Vils was diverted south into the Hahnbach basin . A second forerunner of the Vils came from the area around Röckenricht . This flowed through the Hahnbach basin in a south-easterly direction, past the Mariahilfberg on the right and on over the Freihölser valley to Naab. Today's lower reaches of the Vils used to be a tributary of the Lauterach. The Köferinger and Mühlwalder valleys on the north-eastern edge of the Hirschwald are remnants of the upper reaches of this Lauterach tributary, which have now fallen dry. Only after the Vils forerunner had created a new breakthrough from the Hahnbacher Backen west of the Mariahilfberg and the northern Lauterach tributary was tapped, both river systems united to form today's Vils.

The 87.4 km long Vils loses about 115 meters in height on its course, which corresponds to a mean bed gradient of 1.3 ‰.

Tributaries

Valley nature

The Vils has shaped the Amberg-Sulzbach district in terms of landscape and economy. In the northern part the river bed lies in wide valleys of the Vilsecker and Hahnbacher Mulde , from Amberg the Vils has dug a deep box valley into the Jura rock.

history

Some of the small towns and communities on the banks of the Vils can look back on over 1000 years of history. Many (Hammerherren-) castles, monasteries and churches still show the art and cultural-historical wealth of the region.

In the Middle Ages , the Vils was very important as a transport route for semi-finished iron products made in the Upper Palatinate . Numerous weirs were dammed in order to be able to operate shipping . Iron products were transported from Amberg to Regensburg with so-called Vils- Platten . The destination was the Danube port at Amberger Stadel above the stone bridge . For the return trip, salt was mainly loaded. In 1996, for the state horticultural show in Amberg, such Vils-Platten were rebuilt according to old documents, which are used for excursions.

Renaturation

Today the Vils is a good example of restoration measures . The river is moved back into its old bed over long distances and meanders through a river valley in the Upper Palatinate Jura . The weirs are used to generate energy and are provided with so-called fish walkways, which make the course of the river passable for fish.

tourism

The Vils is followed by a designated canoe trail.

A section of the Five Rivers Cycle Path runs along the Vils. Coming from Sulzbach-Rosenberg , the route reaches the river in Amberg near the Erzberg Bridge and follows it to the mouth.

The Vilstalwanderweg leads over a distance of 90 km from the source in Kleinschönbrunn to Kallmünz .

literature

  • Franz Xaver Bogner: The valley of Vils and Lauterach . Aerial photo tape. Pustet, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7917-1755-3 .

Web links

Commons : Vils  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Height requested on the background layer Official map (right click) from: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information ) - cut-out map .
  2. ↑ Length according to: Directory of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Naab river area, page 164 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  3. ↑ Catchment area according to: Directory of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Naab river area, page 164 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  4. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Danube Region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 162, accessed on October 4, 2017, from: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
  5. ↑ a b c Information board at the Vilsquelle in Kleinschönbrunn
  6. ↑ Vilstalwanderweg. In: amberg-sulzbacher-land.de. Amberg-Sulzbach district, accessed on July 23, 2015 .