Schmidmühlen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 16 ' N , 11 ° 55' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Upper Palatinate | |
| County : | Amberg-Sulzbach | |
| Height : | 355 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 25.32 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2336 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 92 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 92287 | |
| Area code : | 09474 | |
| License plate : | AS, BUL , ESB , NAB , SUL | |
| Community key : | 09 3 71 148 | |
Market administration address : |
Rathausstrasse 1 92287 Schmidmühlen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Peter Braun ( CSU / Free Voters ) | |
| Location of the Schmidmühlen market in the Amberg-Sulzbach district | ||
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Schmidmühlen is a market in the Upper Palatinate district of Amberg-Sulzbach .
geography
Schmidmühlen is located in the Oberpfalz-Mitte region at the confluence of the Vils and Lauterach rivers .
Community structure
There are 24 districts:
There are the following districts : Emhof, Schmidmühlen, Winbuch.
history
The place was first mentioned in 1010. In 1270 Schmidmühlen appeared as a market in a book by Duke Ludwig des Strengen . Economically, the place was important in the Middle Ages as a port at the confluence of Lauterach and Vils and as the location of one of the largest hammer mills of the time. The Schmidmühlen market was the official seat and originally belonged to the Munich line of the Wittelsbach family . In 1505 Schmidmühlen was incorporated into the newly created Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg with the other areas of the northern Bavarian region . The border with the Upper Palatinate was three kilometers north, which repeatedly led to disputes, especially with the mighty Amberg. In the War of the Spanish Succession , the Battle of Schmidmühlen took place in 1703 . When Karl Theodor von Pfalz-Sulzbach took over the government in Munich in 1778, the area became part of the Electorate of Bavaria again , but the areas were only incorporated into the Upper Palatinate after the Napoleonic Wars. Schmidmühlen had a market court with its own magistrate rights. In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria , the municipality edict of 1818 gave rise to today's municipality, which was closely linked to the place of jurisdiction and later the district seat of Burglengenfeld until the regional reform . Today Schmidmühlen is the southernmost municipality in the Amberg-Sulzbach district. This brought a reorientation towards the north to a close, which began 100 years ago with the construction of the Amberg – Schmidmühlen railway line (1910–1985, today part of the Five Rivers Cycle Route ).
Mining history
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Schmidmühlen does not owe its place name to geographical, geological or settlement-specific characteristics, but to two important branches of industry that both rely on water power, forging and mills. The upper and lower mills were located on the left Lauterach arm, and several forges on the right arm of the river delta, which developed into important hammer mills. In an iron hammer , the iron was melted out by a hammer driven by a water wheel. The iron hammers smelted iron ore with charcoal in the so-called racing stoves in which the iron melted . In these smelting furnaces, the ore was melted into a glowing lump of raw iron, slag and coal residues. This lump was then forged out on the hammers until slag and coal residues were removed. The iron was prepared in the form of rails or sheet metal for further processing. In addition to a river for hydropower, forests for the extraction of large amounts of charcoal and iron ore deposits in the vicinity were also important for iron hammer sites. These conditions, wood in the deer forest and pits in the blue ground near Pilsheim and the waterway supplied with Sulzbacher ore, made Schmidmühlen the largest iron hammer of the Middle Ages in what was then Bavaria. In 1326 the hammer Schmidmühlen paid three times the amount of other hammers. The Schmidmühlner rail iron was transported by ship to Regensburg and from there traded throughout the Danube region. When steel production began to flourish in other areas with the beginning of the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the hammer was smashed. In addition to the considerable structural relics, the magnificent hammer lock , the former hammer mill and a water wheel, the Schmidmühlner coat of arms with hammer and mill wheel reminds of the great industrial past of the then not so idyllic place.
Hop growing
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For centuries the cultivation of hops was the main livelihood of the market. In the Acta of the Burglengenfeld box office there is a record from 1568 about hop growing in Schmidmühlen: Sebastian Perre had laid out a hop garden. A picture of Schmidmühlen from 1623 shows the characteristic hop stalks - it is the earliest picture of hops growing in Bavaria. Schmidmühlner hops were recognized as “seal hops” because of their special geographical origin and were very popular with beer brewers. In 1867, half of the hops were attacked for the first time by copper blight , a newly emerging hop disease. Since there was no remedy at that time, hop growing became increasingly unprofitable. Around 1900 there were only three hop farmers left in Schmidmühlen; the last one gave up before the Second World War. On the mighty gables of the main street, the former hop gates and ventilation windows can still be seen, behind which there were dry hop soil. The stacked stone walls up to one meter high, which protected the hop gardens from wind and flooding, can still be seen above the sports field. There only a few wild hop plants testify to Schmidmühlen's special agricultural history.
Population development
Between 1988 and 2018 the market grew from 2,202 to 2,358 by 156 inhabitants or 7.1%.
The population data refer to the municipality as it is today.
- 1961: 2175 inhabitants
- 1970: 2270 inhabitants
- 1987: 2217 inhabitants
- 1991: 2360 inhabitants
- 1995: 2352 inhabitants
- 2000: 2425 inhabitants
- 2005: 2459 inhabitants
- 2010: 2371 inhabitants
- 2015: 2330 inhabitants
politics
Market council
The municipal council has 14 members. Another member and chairman of the market council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 1,377 of the 1,963 residents entitled to vote in Markt Schmidmühlen exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 70.15%.
mayor
Mayor is Peter Braun (CSU). In 2002 he succeeded Manfred Puchta ( SPD / Independent Voters). In the local elections on March 15, 2020, Peter Braun was re-elected with 57.77% of the vote.
tax income
In 2017, the municipal tax revenue amounted to 2,522,000 euros, of which 1,025,000 euros were trade tax receipts (net) and 1,278,000 euros were the municipal share of income tax.
Attractions
The center of the village is the parish church of St. Giles, as well as the Upper Castle and the Hammerschloss , both of which have art-historical sights.
Churches
Parish Church of St. Giles
St. Georg cemetery church
The church was built around 1600 and had a kind of portal function to the cemetery. This is evidenced by the remains of frescoes (now painted over), which frame the former entrances on both long sides with pseudo-architecture. Around 1700 the choir was added and the nave was increased. Although the furnishings come from different centuries (baroque, rococo and historicism), the color of the late historicism (around 1890), which has been restored since the last restoration in 2009, gives the church an image of rare uniformity.
Pilgrimage church to the Holy Trinity on the Kreuzberg
The prehistoric ring wall on the Kreuzberg near Schmidmühlen is evidence of the long tradition of settlement in the Vils and Lauterach valleys. In the midst of this Celtic dwelling and cult site, a pilgrimage church conjures up the old pagan spirits with Christian patience. The church probably owes its construction to a vow made by local market citizens and farmers when a cattle epidemic raged in 1697. Like the great example of the Mariahilfkirche in Amberg, the Dreifaltigkeitskirche should sit majestically on the Kreuzberg with a mighty staircase and greet you far up into the Vilstal. Due to the turmoil of the Spanish War of Succession in this area ( Battle of Schmidmühlen ), however, only the choir could be realized. Since its inception, the Kreuzbergkirche has been a much-visited pilgrimage site, as evidenced by numerous votive pictures. Located in the Hohenfels Training Area since 1953 , the little church, like all buildings in this area, was threatened with decay and destruction. This fate was prevented in 1969 by the parish buying back the hilltop and ring wall. As the only enclave in the Hohenfels training area, the Kreuzbergkirche is the landmark of the Schmidmühlen market and, through its existence, sets a sign of Christian values in the middle of an area that is used intensively by the military.
Castles
Hammer lock
The hammer lock bears witness to Schmidmühlen's great past as the center of the Upper Palatinate iron industry , a meaning that can be read from the place name. Still late Gothic in essence, the architecture of the palace and its furnishings are influenced by the Italian Baroque. The client Johann Hector von Vischbach, who came into contact with the latest architectural trends during his stay at the Viennese court during the Turkish wars, had a palace built based on the model of Italian aristocratic palaces.
The most famous example of this type of castle is the central building of Nymphenburg Palace in Munich . Imaginative stucco ceilings by Italian artists and frescoes by Hans Georg Asam , the father of the Asam brothers , make the Schmidmühlner Hammerschloss one of the most important buildings in the district. The castle now serves as a cultural, parish and community center and was the backdrop for the Erasmus Grasser festival on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of the market in 2010.
Upper Castle (Town Hall)
Originally built as a moated castle for the Lords of Schmidmühlen (most famous member: Albert von Schmidmühlen, Abbot of St. Emmeram zu Regensburg 1324–1358), Georg Hausner von Winbuch gave the Upper Castle its present form around 1600. The year can be found on one of the magnificent door walls of the knight's hall, which has an art-historical feature. Its walls are adorned with frescoes that show Renaissance virtues and representations of the month in a cheerful moralizing manner . Similar Renaissance frescoes of this quality can only be found in Bavaria at Trausnitz Castle in Landshut . Acanthus stucco on two floors by Phillip Jakob Schmuzer ( Wessobrunner Schule ) around 1715. He also created the stucco work in the monastery church in Ensdorf . The cast image of a Moriska dancer stands on the fountain in front of the Upper Castle and commemorates its creator Erasmus Grasser , the late Gothic sculptor and great son of Schmidmühlen. Grasser created the famous morris dancers for the ballroom in the old town hall in Munich .
Brick lock
Built in 1757 by Georg Felsner, who had made his fortune through a snuffbox factory, in the style of a French country castle. Burned down in 1896 and rebuilt in a simplified manner, the castle is now privately owned.
Sculpture path
The morisk dancers carved by Erasmus Grasser in 1480 are a showpiece of late Gothic art in Germany. The replicas of these morris dancers were deliberately created in iron by the artist Franz Schmid in order to refer to the long tradition of iron processing in Schmidmühlen. The morris dancers are set up on the southern flood protection wall and can be viewed from the opposite side of the Lauterach. The metal sculptures were commissioned on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of the Schmidmühlen market in 2010 and inaugurated on November 6, 2011 by Landtag Vice President Franz Maget .
Culture
Cultural highlights are the annual market festival, at which clubs, inns and residents transform the old town center into the largest open-air festival in the district, as well as the game weeks in autumn. Game specialties from the forest and meadows of the region are on the menu of the three game owners. It starts with a Hubertus Mass, which is framed by hunting horn players.
The famous Lauterach trout have long been regarded as Schmidmühlen's culinary flagship. Emerged is the annual Ash Wednesday traditional fishing expedition , whose origins as Heischebrauch date back at least to the 19th century. This custom draw the male inhabitants of the market, festively dressed in frock coat, cylinder and a painted on the back Fish, silence (for non-compliance fines five euros) in prescribed orbits of the inn to inn (formerly 18 inns, currently two inns , two inns, a pizzeria and five club houses) to save the beer left over during the carnival period from certain spoilage during Lent. In terms of food, they only eat bread and fish ( herring ). The empty wallet at the end is buried under a funeral speech at Hammerplatz around 10 p.m.
Economy and Infrastructure
Economy including agriculture and forestry
In 2017 there were 409 jobs subject to social security contributions in the market town. Of the resident population, 1001 people were in an employment relationship subject to compulsory insurance. This means that the number of out-commuters was 592 more than that of in-commuters. 39 residents were unemployed. In 2016 there were 26 farms; 1409 hectares of the community area were used for agriculture.
traffic
Schmidmühlen is on two state roads. The St 2165 leads north to Amberg and south to Regensburg . The St2235 leads from Kastl in the west to Burglengenfeld in the east. In addition, the district road As34 leads to Schwandorf. Schmidmühlen had a railway connection until around 1990. The community was the terminus of the Amberg – Schmidmühlen railway line .
education
There are the following facilities:
- a day care center with 79 approved places that is fully occupied (as of March 1, 2018) and
- the Erasmus Grasser primary school Schmidmühlen with five teachers and 82 students (school year 2018/19)
Sons and daughters of the church
- Albert von Schmidmühlen, Abbot of St. Emmeram zu Regensburg 1324–1358
- Erasmus Grasser (around 1450–1518), sculptor and master builder
- Johann Georg von Gleißenthal (around 1507 in Emhof; † 1580 in Speinshart ), German abbot in the Reformation, leader of the prelate bank in the Upper Palatinate and vicarage of the Upper Palatinate; Epitaph in Neustadt am Kulm
- Max Pollwein (1885–1944), lawyer, councilor, Lord Mayor of Bad Kissingen
- Adolf Eichenseer (1934–2015), dialect poet and district administrator of the Upper Palatinate
literature
- Klaus Altenbuchner, Michael A. Schmid: The hammer lock in Schmidmühlen. To rediscover an Italian style castle and its important decoration. In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. 143, 2003, pp. 397-418.
- Klaus Altenbuchner, Josef Popp: Discover Schmidmühlen. Sights in and around the Schmidmühlen market. Flyer for the sculpture trail. Schmidmühlen 2010.
- Ambronn, Karl: Archives of the market archive Schmidmühlen on the history of the poor and health care in the 19th century. Exhibition in the State Archives Amberg on the occasion of the Upper Palatinate archivists' conference on July 29, 1995. Amberg 1995.
- Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The Schmidmühlen market in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990.
- Hannelore Fleißer: The Hammergut Schmidmühlen. In: The Upper Palatinate, a European iron center. Theuern 1987.
- Josef Popp: Schmidmühlen: ... through the ages. The villages of the market town of Schmidmühlen. Schmidmühlen 2001.
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Markt Schmidmühlen in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on August 1, 2020.
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, p. 18.
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 54-56.
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 29-31.
- ^ A b Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 108-112.
- ↑ a b For the mining history of Schmidmühlen see: Klaus Altenbuchner, Michael A. Schmid: The hammer lock in Schmidmühlen. To rediscover an Italian style castle and its important decoration. In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. 143, 2003, pp. 397-418.
- ↑ http://www.hdbg.de/magazin/flip/ausgabe-12/index.html#/74/
- ^ A b c Klaus Altenbuchner, Josef Popp: Discover Schmidmühlen. Sights in and around the Schmidmühlen market. Flyer for the sculpture trail. Schmidmühlen 2010.
- ↑ Population data from the Bavarian State Statistical Office, 1961 to 1987: census results
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 16, 2020 .
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 88-89.
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 63-67.
- ^ Franz Xaver Eichenseer: The market Schmidmühlen in the Upper Palatinate. Schmidmühlen 1990, pp. 68-69.
- ↑ Erasmus-Grasser-Grundschule Schmidmühlen in the school database of the Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture , accessed on August 1, 2020.
Web links
- Schmidmühlen: Historical Search for Traces - The Young Palatinate in Bavaria (House of Bavarian History)
- Entry on Schmidmühlen's coat of arms in the database of the House of Bavarian History
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