Critical use

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Carol singers . Russian postcard from 1916

A prayer use is a practice that involves asking for or asking for gifts. A special form is the stop-off , where you can be entertained in the host's room.

to form

Mostly it is children who go through the streets or from house to house asking for gifts. They say Heischeverse or sing Heischelieder. Even young men pull as the Pentecostal singing from house to house, singing the song of Pentecost and ask for eggs. Finally, it is also known that professionally oriented people want to move through the localities. Depending on the region, the garbage collectors and the chimney sweeps sometimes wish a Happy New Year by asking for a tip . Such a New Year's tip can also be common for the volunteer fire brigade or newspaper deliverer.

Occasions for traditional customs are church celebrations, seasonal events ( New Year , Thanksgiving ) and family celebrations such as weddings .

Regional customs

Before winter, in the context of Thanksgiving :

  • Äppelken poop Äppelken ('Äpfelchen, kleine Äpfelchen'): In this old custom, which takes place every year on the day of Archangel Michael (29 September), the children move from house to house in the neighborhoods of the town of Gescher and sing an old Low German Song, whereupon they get sweets from the residents of the house. In this old custom, which has only survived in Gescher, the children were given apples, e.g. B. the windfall or apples that are too small and not usable for personal use.
  • Beet spirits , also known as “Flenntippln”, “Rubebötz”, or similar: In this traditional custom, fodder or sugar beets are hollowed out after the harvest and grimaces are cut into one side. Illuminated from the inside with a candle, the beet spirits are placed at the window or in front of houses, or the children use them to solicit small gifts.
  • Halloween (October 31st), originally Irish, spread back to Europe via the United States, can now be found worldwide. It can be observed that Halloween is displacing local traditions such as the Martinssingen, which takes place less than 10 days later.
  • Martinssingen : based on St. Martin (also: "Gripschen", "Dotzen", "Schnörzen", "Mätensingen" 'or "Mattenherrn"; called in Catholic areas)
  • Martinisingen : based on Martin Luther (in Protestant areas, especially in northern Germany)

Advent season :

Rauhnächte : ( Thomas Night ) or on Epiphany :

  • Julklapp in Scandinavia at Christmas time
  • Perchtenlaufen, regionally with a stopover tradition: " Glöckler " in the Salzkammergut and neighboring regions
  • Christmas tree lobes, regional with a stopover tradition: Upper Swabia. Visits to neighbors and friends are preferred, but occasionally also to complete strangers. In the event of a visit, the Christmas tree owner will provide schnapps in advance.
  • Koledari , in several Slavic languages ​​in Eastern Europe and the Balkans koleda, koliada or similar: Christmas singing
  • Regölés: Heischegesang in Hungary. The singers ( regious ) begin with the formula "The servants of St. Stephen are here."

On New Years Eve :

On New Years :

  • Wensken (wishes) on Helgoland : “The children visit relatives and close friends in the mornings, wish them all the best for the new year and receive a coin as thanks. In the afternoon the men go out while the married women take New Year's wishes at home and treat the visitors with sherry or port wine. "
  • Blowing New Year's Eve in the Bavarian Forest: A small group of brass players goes from house to house, plays 'a Stiggerl' in front of the door and receives money or something high-proof as a thank you.
  • Kolende in Upper Silesia: altar boy roam the community, houses consecration

On Epiphany :

Carnival, Mardi Gras and Mardi Gras :

  • Zampern in Lausitz
  • Carnival race in the Murtal (Styria)
  • Children's singing during the carnival days in the Eifel
  • 'Haan appeldi haan' in the Naheland: Haan appeldi haan, the Fassenaachd goes aan, losses knife blinge, gäbb ma Schdigg vum Schinge, gäbb ma Schdigg vum Schbegg, sunst go'sch here take away. (Haanappel is possibly a dialectic contraction of the first names Johannes and Paul, see Hunsrückisch)
  • Faslam in northwest Germany
  • Drums in Düren Country
  • Ringing in Beckum on Tuesday
  • Fish haul in Schmidmühlen (from there also taken over in other places in the Amberg-Sulzbach district ) on Ash Wednesday
  • Fuen or Fuien in Ostfalen, among others in Salzgitter - Ringelheim
  • Various mundane customs, connected with the reciting of the carnival sayings, in the area of ​​the Swabian-Alemannic carnival
  • Sausage catching up in Bocholt, Westphalia. The song "Frau gaoh nao 'n Schorsteen ..." is sung.

The hut burning or castle burning is a tradition from the Eifel, which is practiced every year on the first Sunday of Lent , which is also called Spark Sunday , and served to drive out winter. There are special verses for this that are sung or spoken by children.

In spring and Easter :

At Pentecost :

  • Whitsun singing in the Bergisches Land
  • Whitsun quaak in Kirkel old town in Saarland
  • Pingster brood (“Pentecostal bride”) in Münsterland and Emsland
  • Whitsun kini and flag-carrying in Patzmannsdorf in Austria
  • The water bird singing is an old custom in the Bavarian Swabia to the eastern part of Bavaria, which takes place every year on Pentecost Sunday or Whit Monday. Several groups go from house to house to ask for gifts, in return for which the water bird appointed by the group can be doused with water by the residents.
  • The Latzmann on Whit Monday in Volkersheim and some other Upper Swabian villages.

After the pasture drive (from the shafts) in the Bavarian Forest:

  • 'Here comes the shepherd with his girt ...'

Independent of the season:

  • Rummeln in northern Germany after saying "Rummel, fairground, roken, giv mi nen Appelkooken".

As part of church fairs :

literature

  • Heischen. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 10 : H, I, J - (IV, 2nd division). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1877, Sp. 897-902 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  • Konrad Köstlin, Martin Scharfe: Heischebräuche . In: Hermann Bausinger (Hrsg.): Village carnival between Neckar and Lake Constance . (= Popular life; 12). Tübinger Vereinigung für Volkskunde, Tübingen 1966, pp. 156–195.

Web links

Commons : Common Uses  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ needwiki.de
  2. ↑ Janka Szendrei: "Here are the Stephansknechte". The German parallel to a Regös motif. In: Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Volume 16, No. 1/4, 1974, pp. 133-150
  3. ^ Britta Schwanenberg, Annette Holtmeyer: North Sea - Culture. In: Planet Knowledge. August 28, 2012, accessed September 20, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Norbert Humburg: Urban carnival customs in West and East Falen. The development from the Middle Ages to the 19th century . (PDF) Folklore Commission for Westphalia, 1976, p. 140
  5. ^ Bürgerblatt Salzgitter-Ringelheim: Bürgerblatt 3/2002 of the Citizenship Ringelheim and Freundeskreis e. V.
  6. ^ Carnival customs in Bocholt: Carnival customs in Bocholt
  7. ↑ dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de
  8. ↑ Palm Sunday witches in Finland (a curious religious and cultural mix) , gbtimes.com April 12, 2019, accessed April 26, 2019
  9. ↑ plattfilm.de
  10. ↑ needwiki.de