Hut burning
The hut burning , sometimes also referred to as castle burning or castle fire , is a traditional fire custom in many places in the Eifel . It is celebrated every year on "Sheep Sonntag" ( Mosel Franconian "Schoof-, Schoofs-, Schöf-, Schoaf-, Schaufs-, Scheifsunndich" or "Scheefsunndich" [Scheef = straw Federation]), the first Sunday after Shrove Tuesday , also called " Funkensonntag " , committed.
origin
The exact origin of the custom is unclear. Presumably it is an adaptation of pagan traditions, with the fire at the beginning of spring symbolically "burning winter" and conjuring up a good summer. For Carlshausen (Deanery Neuerburg ) in 1687 the bishop forbade young people to light straw fires in the streets on the first Sunday of Lent and to offer all sorts of superstitious blessings. In the course of Christianization , the pagan custom was finally legalized by introducing the cross. The consumption of eggs and other treats and sometimes beer and hard liquor in sheep Sunday, the first Sunday of Lent, is not contrary to the precepts of Lent , since Sundays are not counted for Lent.
See also:
A historical description of the castle burning can be found in Pastor Michael Bormann from Daleiden in the “Contribution to the History of the Ardennes - Part 2” from 1842. Bormann mentions a document from 1360 in which reports of large fires around which people danced becomes. These fires, also known as hail fires, were lit at the same time as the hut and castle fires on the Krimhildis chair, among other places . They were later banned by the Count Palatine von Zweibrücken on December 12, 1579.
In 1904, the Büllingen pastor Arnold Ortmanns published in his work The Franconian Royal Court of Büllingen a different theory of origin about the origins of the castle fire, which is by no means influenced by Christianity. Ortmann suspects on the one hand the festival of the Ostara and on the other hand the raids of the French king Louis XIV as the beginning. “The castle fire is probably a reminder of the spring and solstice festival of our pagan ancestors and wants to express the hope that light and warmth will soon win over the winter darkness and cold. After the raids of Louis XIV of France, this celebration was associated with the memory of the gruesome murderous burning of the war hordes that burned down all the castles in this area in one night in 1689 ”.
Matthias Paas from Hüttingen an der Kyll found the following in old administrative files: "In the Middle Ages the" three-field economy " prevailed . Artificial fertilizers were not yet known. In order to make the depleted soil full again, a certain field was plowed twice a year, but not built on, that is, the fields were "brought". The other corridors were planted with root crops or sown with spelled. So that everyone knew which corridor was "brought", the owners of the corridor lit a large fire at a certain point at the beginning of the year (Hett = straw and brushwood). "
procedure
The hut burning is celebrated differently in each Eifel town. What all places have in common is that the village youth - mostly male - collects straw and other combustible materials. In most of the villages the material is only collected on Sundays; But some also collect tied sticks from the nearby spruce forests many weeks in advance. These are then collected in a pile, usually on a raised area, which is ignited after dark. In many places the fuel is also equipped with a wooden cross, which is also decorated with straw, etc. In some places, preparations start on Saturdays.
In some places, such as Gees , Neroth , Steffeln , Rockeskyll , Walsdorf , Pellingen , Franzenheim (Trier-Saarburg), a fire wheel is rolled down the mountain to drive away winter (Moselle Franconian: "Radscheewen, Radscheywen, Radscheiven, Radschiwwele, Raderscheiben"). The wheel symbolizes the life-giving spring sun - also known as the joy wheel.
Depending on the direction in which the smoke moves while the hut is burning down, the wind will also maintain this direction in spring: "Wu den Damp vun der Hett gingät, su de wall de whole Virsumer!" or "How de Wand op Scheefsonndich kent, su knows hen de janze Virsumer!"
Up until the 1950s it was customary in many places in the Eifel for people to sing or dance around the hut with funny sayings. After the fire, the village youth usually go from house to house to collect the reward for the work they have done. This usually consists of eggs, which are eaten together in the form of scrambled eggs after they have been collected. Of course, money is not spurned either. In some places, the fire is traditionally prepared by the volunteer fire brigade , who then move from house to house to be entertained. However, there are also places where the recently moved residents entertain the young people, or where only the bachelors can collect the eggs and eat them.
In some places in the Eifel it is customary to eat eggs and fritters ( donuts ) on sheep Sunday evening with the couple who last married or who moved to the village. In some cases this has also shifted to local bars, etc.
Process in pictures
Verses, sayings, songs
Locality | Mendicant / begging songs | translation | meaning | comment |
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Prümzurlay (Eifel) |
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Malberg Weich (Eifel) |
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... |
Utscheid- Russdorf (Eifel) |
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It is possible that the girls used to go to “heischen” (as in Berk and Frauenkron as well as in the Daun district) in the week before Castle Sunday.
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Rhine. archive
[Vol. 8, p. 803] |
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... | |
Bitburg and Wittlich (Eifel) |
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According to Adam Wrede from Eifler Volkskunde , p. 298: "Each of the boys brought a bundle of straw with them; girls collected butter, bacon, flour, eggs and milk. The edible gifts were deposited in the house of the youngest husband []." | |
Between Bitburg and Gerolstein (Eifel) |
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According to P. Freppert from Höttenbrennen an ancient custom of the Eifel, monthly magazine Die Eifel , 47th vol., No. 2, February 1954, p. 22 | |
Schoden (Trier-Saarburg) |
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... | |
Hüttingen an der Kyll (Eifel) |
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see also: pears, beans and bacon | |
Brecht (Eifel) |
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see also: pears, beans and bacon | |
Rittersdorf (Eifel) |
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Play on words: geischen = egg-chen | ... |
Wilsecker (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Ehlenz (Eifel) |
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scheel as an adjective (meaning "crooked", "envious") | ... |
Lintgen (Luxembourg) |
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schlèszen = go in | ... |
Eisenschmitt (Bernkastel-Wittlich) |
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The inside of baked goods is called the grum (crumb). | ... |
Auw near Prüm (Eifel) |
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The inside of baked goods is called Krummen (crumb). | ... |
Kerschenbach (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Niederweiler (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Habscheid (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Alsdorf (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Schleiden Hellenthal (Eifel) |
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Fastelovend means: "the evening before Lent".
bold = generous |
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Beckingen , Merzig (Saarland) |
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Beiwercher = boys | ... |
Berk , Frauenkron (Eifel) |
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... | In the past, the girls went to “heischen” in the week before Castle Sunday. |
Locality | Sayings while collecting straw | translation | meaning | comment |
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District of Daun (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Baustert (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Niersbach (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Kerschenbach (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Berk , Frauenkron (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Habscheid (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Prüm (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
St. Vith (Belgium / Eifel) |
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The gentlemen (pastors) with the buttons (of their robes )
Bootspitter = simple-minded person |
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St. Vith (Belgium / Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Elsenborn and Bütgenbach (Belgium / Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Rocherath-Krinkelt of the municipality of Büllingen (Belgium / Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Niederkorn (Luxembourg) |
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Werg : Also known as Werch, Abwerch, Werrig, Hede or Kauder as a working material, is a low fiber quality that is produced as waste when swinging, ribbing and panting (cleaning) of bast fibers such as linen, hemp or jute. | ... |
Lintgen (Luxembourg) |
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... | ... |
Steel (Eifel) |
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... | ... |
Similar customs at the same time
- Burgbrennen (southwest Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium)
- Bonfire , Funkensonntag (Swabian-Alemannic area)
- Fire wheel (Westphalia, Hesse, Bavaria, Switzerland)
- Biikebrennen (North Friesland)
- Hutzelfire (Hesse, Thuringia)
- Scheibenschlagen (small parts of Tyrol in Austria)
- Chienbäse (fire wagon parade in the Liestal district in Switzerland)
- Summer win (Eisenach)
- Summer day train (Mannheim / Heidelberg region)
- Winter Burn (Southwest Germany)
Related customs
- Percht (Bavaria, Austria)
- Kohlenschlagen (Northern Thuringia)
- Carrying out death (some parts of Central Europe)
- Easter fire (Germany, Austria)
- Sun bird hunting (Sauerland / Westphalia)
- Sechseläuten (Zurich in Switzerland)
- Brezelsingen (Saxony)
- Chalandamarz (Switzerland)
- Spring Festival (almost worldwide)
- Chinese Lantern Festival
- Chinese New Years Festival
- Dita e Verës (Albania)
literature
- Bores, Heinz: Hut burning . Publication of the Heimatverein Irrel eV, Irrel 1997 (Der Heimatbote. - H. 1, pages 7 - 8. - Ill).
- Brand, Johann: Customs and customs as they were common here and in the surrounding area (before 1910) . In: Johanna and Christian Oberweis-Hauer (Hrsg.): Notes of the outstanding Eifel village school teacher Johann Brand . 2004, p. 131 ( oberweis.org [PDF; accessed on January 29, 2018]).
- Buhrke, Heinz-Jürgen: Wheel pushing in Neroth . Heimatverein Neroth, Neroth 2000 (In: Nerother Hefte. - 14, pages 18-22. - Ill).
- Castle Sunday or Scheef Sunday. Ancient customs that have been kept alive over the centuries in the West Eifel. Trierische Landeszeitung, 1950 (No. 1950. 47.).
- Dietzen, Inge: Klappern, Jaudesjagen and Eierheischen: old, new and already forgotten customs during Holy Week and Easter . Cochem 2016 (Ed .: Kreisverwaltung Cochem-Zell. In: Yearbook for the district of Cochem-Zell - main topic: customs and traditions in the course of the year, page 55–60. Ill.).
- Grasediek, Werner: The fire wheel is rolling from the Steffelberg . Monschau 2003 (Ed. District Administration Daun. In: District Daun: Yearbook. Pages 112–115. - Ill.).
- Heinz, Andreas / 1941-: Eifel fasting and Easter customs . Bitburg 2006 (Lecture in the Bitburg-Prüm District Museum in Bitburg on March 31, 2006. In: Contributions to the history of the Bitburger Land. - 62/63 = 16 [a lot: 17], 1/2, pp. 42–50. Ed .: Historical working group in the VBW Bitburg-Land.).
- D. Hunz and A. Meyer: Radscheywen: a custom through the ages . Neroth 1991 (In: Nerother Hefte. - 5, pages 36-42. Ed .: Heimatverein Neroth.).
- Jung, Mathilde / 1884–1963: Christmas and Easter in the customs of the homeland . Speyer 1953 (In: Pfälzer Diakonissenhaus: Pfälzer Diakonissenhauskalender. - 66 '52, pp. 67–71. - Ill.).
- Koch, Walter: Pellingen's wheel of fire . Trier 2010 (In: District Trier-Saarburg: Yearbook District Trier-Saarburg. Pages 157–159. - Ill. Ed. From District Administration Trier-Saarburg.).
- Mayer, Alois / 1942-: Hut Sunday, Scheef Sunday, Fire Sunday . Steineberg 1998 (In: Steineberg in history and stories. - No. 4, pages 21-23. - Ill.).
- Mayer, Alois / 1942-: "Scheef" Sunday has nothing to do with "pushing" . 1992 (a contribution to the Eifel dialect. In: Die Eifel. - 87, pp. 88–91. - Ill.).
- Meyer, Norbert: The hut burning on sheep Sunday . Neuerburg 2005 (In: Ous der Heemicht. - No. 16 = 15, p. 9. - Ill. Booklets on local history / Association for local history in the community of Neuerburg eV).
- Ortmanns, Arnold: The Franconian royal court Büllingen . Gustav Schmidt, Aachen 1904 (8 °. VIII, 370 (2) S. Einf. Hln. And use of the orig. Brochure, see pages 249-250).
- Schad, Hans-Josef: Castle Sunday. Necessary thoughts and suggestions on an ancient custom . Prüm 1978 (In: Prümer Land. - Vol. 8, p. 9.).
- Schlöder, Bernd: Höttenboom 2005 . Metterich 2005 (In: Heana-Blaad. - Issue 45, pages 6–8. - Ill. [Burning the hut tree]. Journal: Mettericher Heana-Blaad: first independent village newspaper in Rhineland-Palatinate. Ed .: Local community Metterich.) .
- Schmitt, Heinz: Give us your beans, Petrus will be worth it: an old song from Oberstadtfeld. Monschau 2007 (In: District Vulkaneifel: Yearbook / District Vulkaneifel, pages 221–223. Ed. District administration Daun.).
- Schmitz, Heinz: Scheefsondisch (Scheefsonntag) - faithfully handed down name and custom . Weidenbach 2016 (In: Editor: Ortsgemeinde Weidenbach; Editing: Heinz Altenhölscher (Weidenbach), Bernhard Dartsch (Weidenbach), Heinz Schmitz (Gerolstein), Gerd Stolz (Landscheid), pages 397–399. - Illustrations.).
- Scholzen, Reinhard / 1959-: Pushing the wheel together . Monschau 2017 (In: Landkreis Vulkaneifel: Yearbook / Landkreis Vulkaneifel, pages 71–73. - Illustrations. Ed. District administration Daun.).
- Schröder, Joachim: Straw man, torches and wheels determined the winter outgrowth: Castle fire as a former cult of vegetation and growth magic . Brussels 1995 (In: Between Venn and Schneifel. - 31, pages 53-55. - Ill. Magazine for history, folklore and culture.).
- Steffens, Reinhard: The fire wheel rolls down to the valley. Old customs maintained in Oberstadtfeld . Daun 1986 (In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Kreis Daun Vulkaneifel, pp. 190–191. 2 figs.).
- Willems, Anton: The fire wheel . Pellingen 2005 (In: Chronik von Pellingen / [Ed .: Ortsgemeinde Pellingen. Authors: Anton Willems ...], pp. 719–721. - Ill.).
- Zender, Arnold: Culture, customs, village coexistence: Scheefsunndich and Hüttenbrennen . Idenheim 2011 (In: Idemer Dorfzeitung. - Issue 5, Pages 4–6. - Ill. Idemer Dorfzeitung.).
Web links
- History of the castle burning
- St. Vither Volkszeitung 1957: Castle Sunday in the Eifel
- Burgenbrennen, Ous der Veiner Geschicht 2014
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Hüttenbrennen"; an Eifel tradition. Retrieved December 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Hut Sunday in the Eifel. Retrieved August 10, 2017 .
- ↑ Straw man's day in the Eifel. Retrieved May 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Ph. De Lorenzi, Contributions to the History of All Parishes in the Diocese of Trier 1, 392. Trier 1887.
- ^ Pastor Bormann's "Contribution to the History of the Ardennes - Part 2", page 159 ff. Accessed on January 29, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Castle fire in Elsenborn (Eifel). Retrieved January 29, 2018 .
- ^ District administration Bitburg (ed.): Local calendar for the district Bitburg-Prüm (= contribution by Matthias Paas, Hüttingen ad Kyll ). Paulinus-Druckerei GmbH, Trier 1991, p. 198-200 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Prümzurlay. Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ malberg Weich.de (Customs -> Hüttenbrennen)
- ↑ Color yellow in the Middle Ages. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
- ↑ The color yellow in the Middle Ages. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of German superstition : Freen - lumbago. Editor: Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer. Lyrics p. 583.
- ↑ Heischelied from "Rhenish Dictionary". Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
- ^ Eifler Volkskunde : Editor: Adam Wrede. 3. Edition. Bonn 1960
- ^ Eifler customs : editors: Rolf Dettmann and Mathias Weber. 1st edition. Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-7616-0570-6
- ↑ Heischelied from "Rhenish Dictionary". Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Hüttingen ad Kyll. Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Brecht. Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Hail song in Rittersdorf. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Wilsecker. Retrieved February 4, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied from "Rhenish Dictionary". Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Heischelied from "Rhenish Dictionary". Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Kerschenbach. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Niederweiler. Retrieved February 4, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Habscheid. (PDF) Retrieved July 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Schleiden-Hellenthal. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Beckingen and Merzig. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Heischelied in Berk and Frauenkron. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ^ Eifler Volkskunde : Editor: Adam Wrede. 3. Edition. Bonn 1960
- ^ Hut burning in Baustert. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ^ Castle burning in Kerschenbach. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ^ Castle burning in Berk and Frauenkron. (PDF) Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Verses in Habscheid. (PDF) Retrieved July 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Verses in Prüm. Retrieved December 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Straw collecting verse in St. Vith. (PDF) Retrieved July 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Money collecting verse in St. Vith. (PDF) Retrieved July 25, 2017 .
- ↑ The first Sunday of Lent: Castle burning and fire wheel. Retrieved March 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Journal f. Rhine. and westf. Folklore 11, 35 (1915).
- ^ Castle burning in Luerenzweiler (Luxembourg). Retrieved May 16, 2016 .