Summer train
The summer train is a traditional festival in the Electoral Palatinate and the neighboring areas. Traditionally it is celebrated on “Mittfasten”, on Sunday Laetare , three weeks before Easter , but sometimes also on other dates, depending on local tradition. The summer's day train is one of the customs of winter burning and carrying death .
origin
The summer train is probably of pagan origin and represents the battle of winter with summer. In addition, elements of a heathen usage are included . At the end of winter many pantries were empty and the children went begging. The festival is already mentioned in the letters of Lieselotte von der Pfalz , the sister-in-law of Louis XIV of France. In her letters she already mentions the song "Stroh, Stroh, Stroh". In some places other customs have mixed up with the summer custom, such as in Iggelheim, the wake-up donation, which arose from the Weckackerstiftung, in Horchheim the Wackauswurf or in Forst the foundation of the Spitzwecken with Hansel thimble game on Sunday Laetare.
historical development
The custom of the summer day was seen in the 17th and 18th centuries by the Christian creeds as a “pagan atrocity”, but apparently revived around 1800, but observed as a notifiable folk festival after the Hambach Festival in the Bavarian Palatinate. The Bavarian regional and folklore later characterized the songs of the summer customs as "pagan thought and composed and mostly renewed with improper, largely incomprehensible accessories". At the beginning of the 20th century, folklore and folklore as well as the local communities, the economy and tourism began to fill or organize the summer customs with content. The summer day trains were canceled during World War I and World War II. In the 1920s and 1930s the tradition continued with larger parades. During the Nazi era, there were attempts to politically take over the summer day. After 1945, the summer day gradually disappeared in many places. However, in the last four decades, the resumption of summer day trains by various organizers has been recorded in some places.
course
The summer train passes through the town (in Mannheim through the Luisenpark) and announces to the residents that winter is now over. Children stick colored sticks with colored paper and stick a sweet yeast pretzel, the so-called summer pretzel, often also a blown egg on the tip. The children are accompanied by the slugs, which are large frames that hold people who carry them around. These frames are decorated with straw (for the dreary winter) or fir branches (for the green summer). Often a paper mache snowman also walks along. At the end of the parade, the slugs dance together and the snowman is burned. Associations decorate floats with Easter or spring motifs, a music association plays spring songs.
Summer day song
A song should definitely not be missing, the lyrics of which can vary from place to place:
- Strih, Strah, straw,
- The summer day is do.
- The summer and the winter
- Des are siblings.
- Summer day, go out
- just the winter off
- Strih, Strah straw,
- The summer day is do
- I ring the key,
- What would it bring us then
- New wine and pretzel
- What else? Pair of neie shoes,
- Strih Strah straw
- The summer day is do
- O you old stockfish,
- when mer kummt, hosch nothing
- As a ship full of coal
- The cuckoo should get you.
- Strih Strah straw,
- The summer day is do.
- Hello everyone,
- Do simmer aries do.
Summer day events in the regions, reference year 2014
Locations belonging to the Electorate of Palatinate in 1789 are highlighted in green
Place, ST (district) or OT ( district ) | region | name of the event | Day | Organizer 2014 | Tradition since |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albisheim | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus, spring festival | Country women | ||
Altrip | Palatinate, Rhine-Palatinate District | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | AG Altriper clubs | |
Bad Dürkheim, OT Grethen | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Friends of the Grethen primary school | |
Bad Dürkheim, OT Hardenburg | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | ||
Bad Dürkheim, OT Leistadt | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Community kindergarten | |
Bammental | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Kulturring Bammental eV | |
Bellheim | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | TV 1892 Bellheim | |
Biblis, OT Nordheim | Hesse, Bergstrasse district | Stabaus | Sunday | Association for local history Nordheim | |
Battenberg | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Battenberg fire brigade | |
Billigheim -Ingenheim | Pfalz, LK Southern Wine Route | Latare parade | Sunday laetare | Klingbach School and Kindergarten "Kleine Strolche" | |
Bissersheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Municipality of Bissersheim, FW, GV Liederkranz | |
Bechtheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Bechtheim kindergarten | |
Bechtolsheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stick out | Sunday laetare | Community of voters close to the citizen | since 2014 |
Böhl-Iggelheim | Palatinate, Rhine-Palatinate District | Laetare parade Iggelheim | Sunday laetare | Municipality of Böhl-Iggelheim | |
Boxberg, OT Schweigern | Baden, Main-Tauber district | Summer train | |||
Bruehl | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | CV Rohrhöfer Göggel | ||
Bruchsal | Baden, Karlsruhe district | Summer train | Sunday in early May | Bruchsal Summer Day Train Committee V. | Tradition since 1901, resumed in 1985 |
Dalheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Daycare center Dalheim | |
Dienheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | FVW Dienheim | |
Dexheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Dexheim History Society | |
Dolgesheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Dolgesheim kindergarten | |
Eberbach | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | end of April | Citizens and local history association | |
Ebertsheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Winter burning | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Ebertsheim community | |
Edenkoben | Pfalz, LK Southern Wine Route | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | City of Edenkoben | |
Edingen-Neckarhausen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | 2nd Sunday after Easter | Community of Edingen-Neckarhausen u. Heimatbund Edingen | |
Solitude | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Music lovers, loneliness | |
Eisenberg | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | City of Eisenberg | |
Eppelheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Eppelheim community | ||
Essingen | Pfalz, LK Southern Wine Route | Laatar parade | Sunday laetare | Parents Committee of the Sonnenstrahl kindergarten | |
Eßweiler | Palatinate, LK Kusel | Winter incineration with a torchlight procession | Beginning of spring | Country women | since 2013 |
Forest | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Spring festival with Hansel thimble game | Sunday laetare | Association for Customs and Village Beautification Forest | |
Frankenstein | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter burn with summer day game | different days | Frankenstein community or NABU children's and youth group | |
Frankenthal, OT Mörsch | Pfalz, City of Frankenthal | Baton move | Sunday laetare | Working group Mörsch | |
Freinsheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Baton move | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Daycare house for children | |
Germersheim | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Spring festival with summer parade | Sunday in early April | ||
Gerolsheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Baton move | Sunday laetare | Local cartel | |
Glan-Münchweiler | Pfalz, district of Kusel | Winter burning | April | ||
Goecklingen | Pfalz, LK Southern Wine Route | Laetare parade | Sunday laetare | Göcklingen music band | |
Grosskarlbach | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | 3rd weekend in March | ||
Grünstadt | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Summer parade | first Sunday shopping in March | Cultural forum of the economic forum Grünstadt | |
Gundheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Heimatverein Gundheim | |
Gundersheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Sunday laeatare | ||
Guntersblum | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Saturday before Sunday Laetare | Mayors, kindergartens and parents' committees | |
Hamm | Rheinhessen district of Worms-Alzey | Stick out | Kita Hexenkessel | ||
Hardheim | Baden, Neckar-Odenwaldkreis | Summer train | Sunday mid-March to the Josefsmarkt | ||
Hassloch | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Summer parade | Sunday around the beginning of spring, 1986 resumption | Haßloch community | |
Hauenstein | Palatinate, Southwest Palatinate district | Spring festival with winter burning | in the 2nd week of May | ||
Heddesheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Late March / early April | Heddesheim community | 2014: 30th summer train |
Heidelberg, ST Emmertsgrund | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday laetare | District association Emmertsgrund | |
Heidelberg, ST Handschuhsheim | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | 2nd Sunday before Easter | Handschuhsheim district association | |
Heidelberg, ST Kirchheim | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday laetare | District association Kirchheim | |
Heidelberg, ST Pfaffengrund | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday after Easter | District association Pfaffengrund | |
Heidelberg, ST Rohrbach | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | District association Rohrbach | |
Heidelberg, ST Schlierbach | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | District association Schlierbach | |
Heidelberg, ST Weststadt | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday laetare | District association West Heidelberg | |
Heidelberg, ST Wieblingen | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sundays before or after Easter | District association Wieblingen | |
Heidelberg, ST Ziegelhausen | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | 2nd Sunday before Easter | District association Ziegelhausen and Peterstal | |
Heidelberg, city | Baden, City of Heidelberg | Summer train | Sunday laetare | Heidelberg Event GmbH | Resumption in 1893 |
Heiligkreuzsteinach | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday laetare | Community and rural women’s association | |
Heinzenhausen | Palatinate, LK Kusel | Spring festival with winter burning | Saturday at the beginning of spring | Country women local association Kappeln | since 2013 |
Hemsbach | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Daycare centers in Hemsbach | ||
Hirschberg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Early to mid-March | Hirschberg u. Singing and folk dance group Leutershausen | |
Hockenheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer day | One week to Laetare | Lively Hockenheim eV | |
Jockgrim | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Jockgrim Primary School
Kulturgemeinschaft Jockgrim eV || |
|
Karlsruhe, ST Bulach | Baden, City of Karlsruhe | Summer train | May to June, every two to four years | Citizens' Association Bulach | |
Ketch | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | May festival with summer train | Sunday in May | Interest group ketchers associations | |
Candle Home | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus | Sunday before the beginning of spring | Allotment gardeners' association Kerzenheim | |
Children's home | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Winter burning | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Bockenheim-Kindenheim fire brigade and the Kindenheim daycare center | |
Kollweiler | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter burning | Beginning of spring | Support group of the volunteer fire department Kollweiler eV | |
Kuhardt | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer day | Beginning of spring | Kuhardt day care center or Kuhardt culture area | |
Lambrecht | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Summer festival | last Sunday in March | City and tourist office Lambrecht | |
Ladenburg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday laetare | Heimatbund Ladenburg | |
Lampertheim | Hesse, Bergstrasse district | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | AZ bird park | |
Landau | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade with Hansel thimble game | Sunday laetare | City of Landau, office for tourism | |
Landau, ST Arzheim | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade | Sunday in early April | Arzheim primary school and "Kleine Kalmit" band | |
Landau, ST Godramstein | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Godramstein Primary School | |
Landau, ST Mörlheim | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade with Hansel thimble game | Sunday laetare | Primary schools in Mörlheim and Queichheim | |
Landau, ST Mörzheim | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Elementary school and kindergarten in Mörzheim | |
Landau, ST Nussdorf | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Friends of the Nussdorf Kindergarten | |
Landau, ST Wollmesheim | Pfalz, City of Landau | Laetare parade | Sunday in early April | Wollmesheim kindergarten | |
Glue, ST Gauangelloch | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Spring festival with summer train | Sunday April to May | City of Leimen u. Froebel Kindergarten | |
Leimen, ST St.Ilgen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Spring festival with summer train | Sunday April to May | City of Leimen | |
Lobbach | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade in Lobenfeld | Lobbach community | ||
Ludwigshafen, ST Edigheim | Palatinate, City of Ludwigshafen | Baton move | Saturday at the beginning of spring | Kita and JFS Edigheim | |
Ludwigshafen, ST Niederfeld | Palatinate, City of Ludwigshafen | Summer parade | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Niederfeld settlement community | since 1968 |
Ludwigshafen, ST Oggersheim | Palatinate, City of Ludwigshafen | Summer train with spring festival | Sunday Laetare or the beginning of spring | AG Oggersheimer Verein and Georgensschule | 2014: 106th summer day train |
Ludwigshafen, ST Rheingönheim | Palatinate, City of Ludwigshafen | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | ||
Ludwigshafen, ST West | Palatinate, City of Ludwigshafen | Summer parade | changing working day after the beginning of spring | District office Bürgerertreff Soziale Stadt u. Day care centers | |
Lustadt | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer parade | around the beginning of spring | Voluntary fire brigade Lustadt u. the day care center Villa Lustica | |
Mannheim | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Luisenpark, City of Mannheim | |
Mannheim, ST Friedrichsfeld | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer train | Sunday in April | IG Friedrichsfelder associations | |
Mannheim, ST garden city | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Garden City Civic Association | |
Mannheim, ST Neckarau | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer parade | Saturday in early April | IG Neckarau associations | |
Mannheim, ST Neckarstadt-West | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | since 1996 | |
Mannheim, ST Sandhofen | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer train | Sunday at the beginning of spring | ||
Mannheim, ST Schönau | Baden, City of Mannheim | Summer parade, | Ottmar Öhring and Brigitte Michel | since 1994 | |
Wall | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Maxdorf | Palatinate, Rhine-Palatinate District | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Friends of the Haidwald School | |
Mehlbach | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter burning with torchlight hike | Beginning of spring | Friends of the Mehlbach volunteer fire brigade and volunteer fire brigade | |
Monsheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | last Sunday in winter | ||
Monzernheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Kindergarten "Max & Moritz" | |
Mosbach | Baden, Neckar-Odenwald district | Summer train | Sunday laetare | City of Mosbach | |
Neckarbischofsheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday April | Association for home care Neckarbischofsheim | |
Neckargemünd | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Neckargemünd, ST Dilsberg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Neckargemünd, ST Kleingemünd | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Neckargemünd, ST Waldhilsbach | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Neckargerach | Baden, Neckar-Odenwald district | Summer parade with music festival | end of April | Neckargerach musicians | |
Neckarsteinach | Hesse, Bergstrasse district | Summer train | two weeks before Easter | Heimat- und Kulturverein Neckarsteinach eV | old tradition;
Resumption in 1949 |
Newcomers | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus, winter burning | Sunday laetare | Heimat- und Kulturverein Neuleiningen e. V. | |
Neulußheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday laetare | Neulußheimer Heimatverein | |
Neustadt adW | Pfalz, City of Neustadt adW | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Trachtengruppe Neustadt adW and Winzina citizens' association | until 1970, resumption in 1978 |
Neustadt adW, ST Königsbach | Pfalz, City of Neustadt adW | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Friends of Königsbach / Hammer-Sommer | |
Niedermohr OT Schrollbach | Palatinate, district of Kaiserslautern | Winter burning | Saturday at the beginning of spring | VFF Schrollbach | |
Nieder-Olm | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Baton move | Sunday laetare | Ev. Parish | |
Nierstein | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | ||
Ober-Flörsheim | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Heimat- und Kulturverein Oberflörsheim u. Daycare center for the calling rooster | |
Obrigheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Obrigheim community | |
Offstein | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Sunday at the beginning of spring | SPD Offstein | |
Oftersheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday in April | Oftersheim community | |
Olsbrücken | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter burning | Saturday after Carnival | Local community Olsbrücken u. Palatinate Forest Association | for over 20 years (2012) |
Oppenheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | City of Oppenheim | |
Ottersheim | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer train | Sunday laetare | TV Ottersheim | |
Otterstadt | Palatinate, Rhine-Palatinate District | Summer train | Saturday at the beginning of spring | Otterstadt community | |
Plankstadt | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday in April | ||
Reilingen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Spring festival with summer parade | two weeks before Easter | Culture and sports community Reilingen | |
Rheinsheim | Baden, Karlsruhe district | Summer train | Sunday latetare | Local and cultural history working group Reginesheim eV | |
Rauenberg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Friends of the Mannabergschule u. Day care centers | ||
Rauenberg, OT Malschenberg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Association body | ||
Rauenberg, OT Rotenberg | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Sunday latetare | Schlossbergschule u. Day care centers | |
Rüssingen | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | Kerwe youth | |
Sandhausen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Local and tourist association | ||
Schwetzingen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | City of Schwetzingen | ||
Seeheim-Jugenheim | Hessen, LK Darmstadt-Dieburg | Winter burning | the beginning of summer | Children and youth group of NABU | |
Sinsheim, ST Steinsfurt | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Sunday March / April | Music association of the Steinsfurt fire brigade band | |
Sondernheim | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Cultural community Sondernheim | |
Speyer | Palatinate, city of Speyer | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Verkehrsverein Speyer Veranstaltungs GmbH | |
Walldorf | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Spring festival and summer parade | Churpfalz Wilder Haufen 2000 e. V. | 2014: 100th move | |
Stilt mountain | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter burning | Fruit and horticultural association Kita | ||
Stetten (Palatinate) | Palatinate, Donnersbergkreis | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | TUS Stetten | |
Wattenheim | Palatinate, district of Bad Dürkheim | Stabaus | Sunday laetare | ||
Weilerbach | Palatinate, LK Kaiserslautern | Winter incineration with a torchlight procession | Saturday at the beginning of spring | CDU Weilerbach | |
Weingarten (Palatinate) | Palatinate, LK Germersheim | Summer parade | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Local community Weingarten u. Support group for children in Weingarten | |
Weinheim | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Sunday laetare | Cultural Office of the City of Weinheim | 2002: 100 years of the "summer day train" |
Weinolsheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Kindergarten House of Little Researchers | |
Westhofen | Rheinhessen, district Alzey-Worms | Stabaus | Beginning of spring | Westhofen kindergartens | |
Wiesloch | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | Sunday in March to May | ||
Wiesloch, ST Baiertal | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | |||
Wiesloch, ST Frauenweiler | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | Saturday March to April | ||
Wiesloch, ST Schatthausen | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer parade | |||
Wilhelmsfeld | Baden, Rhein-Neckar district | Summer train | end of March | Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Wilhelmsfeld | |
Wintersheim | Rheinhessen, Mainz-Bingen district | Baton move | Sunday at the beginning of spring | ||
Worms | Rheinhessen, city of Worms | Stick out | Sunday at the beginning of spring | Freundeskreis Tiergarten Worms eV | |
Worms, ST Horchheim | Rheinhessen, city of Worms | Summer day, wake-up ejection | Sunday laetare | ||
Worms, ST Rheindürkheim | Rheinhessen, city of Worms | Stabaus | Rheindürkheim fire brigade (Worms-Nord fire station) |
swell
literature
- Albert Becker, Sommertag News on the history and folklore of the Palatinate latar customs Neustadt / Haardt 1931
- Bavaria Regional and Folklore of the Kingdom of Bayer, fourth volume, second section Bavarian Rhine Palatinate, Munich 1867
- Helmut Seebach, Alte Fest in der Pfalz, Annweiler-Queichhambach 1998
- Patriotic paperback for friends of the good and beautiful for entertainment and instruction, Frankfurt a. M, 1804
Venues (selection)
- General newspaper Rhein-Main-Presse, online
- Official Journal of the Westhofen Association
- Official journal of the community of Grünstadt-Land
- Official Journal of the Guntersblum Association
- Official Journal of the Hettenleidelheim Association
- Official Journal of the Lingenfeld Association
- Official Journal of the Nieder-Olm Association
- The Palatinate celebrates online
- Metropolnews - news magazine, online
- Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar News, online
- Morgenweb, Mannheimer Morgen, online
- Festivals and events Südpfalz-Tourismus 2014, online
- Organizer websites