Kollweiler

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 31 '  N , 7 ° 35'  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Kaiserslautern
Association municipality :	Weilerbach
Height :	335 m above sea level NHN
Area :	5.57 km 2
Residents:	544 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	98 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	66879
Area code :	06385
License plate :	KL
Community key :	07 3 35 019
Association administration address:	Hauptstrasse 43 66879 Kollweiler
Mayoress :	Claudia Zahneißen ( SPD )
Location of the local community of Kollweiler in the Kaiserslautern district

Kollweiler is a municipality in the Kaiserslautern district in Rhineland-Palatinate . In terms of population, it is the second smallest and most northerly local community in the community of Weilerbach , which has its administrative seat in the community of Weilerbach .

geography

location

Kollweiler is located in the North Palatinate Uplands in its sub-area Upper Lauterhöhen in the so-called Musikantenland . Neighboring communities are - clockwise - Rothselberg , Frankelbach , Sulzbachtal , Erzenhausen , Schwedelbach , Reichenbach-Steegen and Jettenbach . The closest city is Kaiserslautern in the southeast, 15 kilometers away . Off to the side, on the heights, are the houses of the Gosenbergerhof, which not far from the boundary with those of Rothselberg, Erzenhausen and Kreimbach-Kaulbach . For some time now, a new building area from the Gosenbergerhof to the Rain - in the direction of the town center - has been developed.

Surveys

The most productive tubs are on the clayey heights north of the village in Bangert, on the valley, on the Spannagelberg , on the Jungswald to Blaul. From the Spannagelberg (449 m above sea level) you have a good view of Kaiserslautern , Landstuhl , Sickinger Höhe up to Homburg and the Palatinate Forest in good weather . The Galgenberg rises in the far east of the district .

Waters

At 318 m above sea level, it is located in a narrow valley of the Reichenbach between Glan and Lauter . The north-flowing Talbach rises in the north of the district and the Rischbach in the southeast .

history

prehistory

Even before the Romans, the Celtic tribe of the Mediomatrics settled the area around Kollweiler. In Roman times, two forts were built near Kollweier , at Oberstaufenbach and Kreimbach, about ten kilometers away. The connecting path between the forts leads partly over the current area of Spannnagel, Jungswald, Blaul and Birken. After the collapse of Roman rule on the Rhine in 405 AD, the Roman-Germanic population disappeared, and the area was probably uninhabited for over 200 years.

Many finds come from Roman times that come to light during excavations. In 1921 a local homeland researcher uncovered a Celtic barrow , the grave goods of which are in the Historical Museum in Speyer .

middle Ages

The repopulation of the West Palatinate began in the seventh and eighth centuries by the Franks . The farms that arose on clearing sites were called “wilari”, later “Wiler”, ultimately “ hamlet ”. The Kollweiler settlement was named "Colo" after its founder.

Origin of the place Kollweiler

In documents in which the place is mentioned it says:

year	Surname
1321	Kolwilr
1332	Colwylre
1480	Kolwiler

The place name "Kollweiler" has been written since 1588.

The Romans often built their military and trade routes on heights to avoid swampy or otherwise impassable terrain. An important road leads from Worms via Kaiserslautern to Saarbrücken and Metz. A side street branches off from this main street at Lautern and leads via Rodenbach (old Gauding site), Eulenkopf , Galgenberg, Jettenbach , Elzweiler , Ulmet , Kusel to Trier . It is therefore also called "Hohe Straße". At the Galgenberg, the previously mentioned connection path now crosses between the two heath castles.

About a kilometer southwest of this elevated road, the Franks built a royal court, which is probably connected with the campaigns of Karl Martell , the grandfather of Charlemagne . These royal courts were built at intervals of 15 to 20 kilometers along Heerstraße and formed refreshment and stage stations. At the same time they were economic and military bases.

Such a “royal court” was probably located on the Gosenberger Hof. Ernst Christmann - a local historian - suspects that this was the first settlement of Franconian farmers in the wider area. This royal court was administered by royal officials. The first settlement emerged from the farm under the name “Hildenborn”, which means something like “Born” or “Well on the Halde”, that is, located on a slope. A tub bears witness to this name to this day.

History of Kollweiler from the 19th century

Until the First World War , Kollweiler was a real farming village. Today almost all residents work as skilled workers , factory workers or employees . Some are self-employed, agriculture is almost insignificant for the citizens as a source of income. 35 draft residents did not return from the Second World War . The community has dedicated memorial plaques in the funeral hall of the cemetery to its dead from the two world wars .

From 1798 to 1905 the community belonged to the Jettenbach mayor's office . After that it had its own mayor's office until 1972. From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate was part of the French Republic (until 1804) and then part of the Napoleonic Empire , the place was incorporated into the canton of Wolfstein . In 1815 Kollweiler first belonged to Austria . After the Congress of Vienna , it was added to Bavaria a year later . From 1818 to 1862 the community continued to belong to the canton of Wolfstein and was part of the Kusel Land Commissioner , which was then converted into a district office.

In 1939 the place was incorporated into the Kusel district. After the Second World War , Kollweiler became part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the French occupation zone . In the course of the first Rhineland-Palatinate administrative reform , Kollweiler was reclassified to the district of Kaiserslautern. Three years later it was assigned to the newly formed community of Weilerbach .

The Gosenberger Hof

The nearby mountain is that of “Gozo” ( z is to be read as s ). The old German nickname Gozo is known early on and can also be found in today's family names "Goos" or "Gooss". Later the name is transferred to the resulting settlement.

Gosenberg was originally a village and is mentioned in several old documents:

year	Surname
1313	Gosenberg
1580	Collweiler with Hof Gosenberg
1590	uff den Huben to Hildenborn or Gosenberg
1610	Hoff zu Gosenberg

At the intersection of the two elevated roads, a place of things - a court of law - was created in Franconian times. Five districts meet in this area: Kollweiler, Rothselberg, Frankelbach, Obersulzbach and Erzenhausen. The Galgenberg was a place of execution that was used by many places in the area. The field names - Galgenberg, Am Hochgericht and Rabenacker - indicate this. The "high court" is a bit off the beaten track. It is where the “embarrassing” judgments were made. Since this "thing instead of" applied to a large area, it was alternatively called "Hundred thing instead of". The “Hundsweg”, which is known to the present day, is derived from the Hundred leader “Hundo”, who takes this route to the court. Consequently, the name is not to be interpreted in connection with the pet "dog".

In the letter of acceptance from 1393, Count Friedrich von Veldenz assigned his wife Margarethe von Nassau, among other things, income from the villages of the "Richenbecher and Deinßberger ambt" - Reichenbach and Theisberg - to which Kollweiler also belonged in the event of his death . Kollweiler was originally part of the Reichsland, which stretched east from Lautern to west to Kusel. Around 1320, Ludwig the Bavarian pledged the Reichenbach office to the Counts of the County of Veldenz . With the death of the last Count of Veldenz in 1444, Kollweiler came to Pfalz-Zweibrücken , until it fell to the Electoral Palatinate in 1733 as part of an exchange of territory .

population

Population development

Population figures of Kollweiler with the Gosenberger Hof
year Residents ~ 1650 ~ 80 ~ 1709 ~ 100 ~ 1750 ~ 240 ~ 1800 ~ 380 1837 462 1916 410	year Residents 1963 400 1975 350 1986 368 2008 450 September 2009 494 2014 486

The village of Kollweiler had a declining population. Many young Kollweiler moved to neighboring communities or cities with a less rural character. In response to this, the first building areas were developed in the 1990s. This is also the case with the “Steinkaut” area. The community bought a cheap homestead in the center of the village, which they renovated poorly on their own and made available to associations. Many American Army employees have lived in the village for many years. Since these are not entered in the residents' registration lists, only estimates can be made. There are now around 250 American residents living in Kollweiler.

Religions

According to a Meisenheim document from January 22, 1470, the place Kollweiler belongs to the parish Reichenbach under canon law. Essentially, the three denominations of the Roman Catholic Church , the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Reformed Church are represented in the town.

Catholics

With the Thirty Years' War from 1618 to 1648 there was a significant increase in the rate of immigration to the Palatinate . In 1684, the Reichenbach parish, which also includes the Kollweiler community, was founded; Franziskaner (OFM) from Meisenheim provided the parish until 1713 .

With the Baden Peace Treaty in 1714, the Simultaneum was established. A special feature is the Simultaneum, which at that time applied to the entire Palatinate. It is synonymous with the common use of Lutheran and Reformed churches. This also applies to the Lutheran Church in Kollweiler.

Lutheran

The pastoral care and the supply of the church took place by the pastor in Reichenbach. For the year 1538 it is noted that the pastor "holds a sermon in Reichenbach on Sundays, in Jettenbach on Tuesdays and in Kollweiler on Fridays" . After the Thirty Years' War, the Kollweiler and Jettenbacher Lutherans complained into the 18th century because of the poor supervision by the Reichenbacher pastor. So they got their own parish on December 14, 1741.

Franz Christian Leonhard, the pastor of Reichenbach at the time, tried to prevent the separation with a report. The Lutherans from Kollweiler and Jettenbach felt this report as a “baseless and truthful characteristic of Geitz”. At the beginning of 1742 the first pastor of the newly established parish of Jettenbach - Johann Heinrich Schlosser - came to Jettenbach. However, he dies after just two years in office. Shortly thereafter, Vicar Schnell, who, however, behaves improperly towards the widow of his predecessor, and Vicar Heinrich Jacob Siegfried leave. He is still unmarried and lives with the church ruler Hertel in board and lodging. In the summer of 1745 it was rumored that the vicar impregnated the church governor's daughter. He finally married her on February 17, 1746. She died on February 23, 1746 with a daughter. Vicar Siegfried dies within the next year.

Pastor Leonhard von Reichenbach now intended to bring his son to the parish of Jettenbach and Kollweiler. However, the Consitorium zu Mannheim opted for Johann Georg Krieger, who was pastor from 1746 to 1781. The Reichenbach pastor then turns around and gives his colleague his daughter to wife; the marriage took place on December 18, 1747. During his life, Johann Georg Krieger received the tithe from Jettenbach, while the tithe from Kollweiler continued to go to Reichenbach. Contrary to the arrangement, he only holds his church service every two weeks in Kollweiler. Because of his “weak” body, the Kollweiler community later refrained from doing this.

But it was requested again with the filling of the position by Pastor Hauber. With this came in 1781 an offspring of an old pastor's family in southern Baden . While he was in office, the church registers were so sketchy that the suspicion arises that he was more dedicated to mathematics and geometry. There are numerous entries of this.

The Kollweiler tithe received from Pastor Hauber is regularly auctioned in Kollweiler. In some bad years he also used the Kollweiler tithe for his own needs. The amount of the tithe for Kollweiler: 45 Mltr. - half grain and half oats. However, it also happens (1784) that only ten Mltr. Grain and ten mltr. Oats must be paid for. In the 1790s, Pastor Hauber had to answer several times for wood offenses and pay fines. The income is so low that it is surprising that Hauber stayed in the village until his death in 1816. Up to the present day, with 35 years of service, he is the pastor with the longest term in office in Jettenbach and Kollweiler.

Reformed

The parish seat is Neunkirchen am Potzberg , whose church was built in 1750. Until 1798 the parish reached from Reichenbach to Lauterecken . The Reformed, like the Catholics, mostly immigrated. Some came from Switzerland, others from Belgium or northern France. With the merger of the Lutheran and Reformed religious affiliations to the United Protestant-Evangelical-Christian Church of the Palatinate, the first service after the agenda as laid down in the Kaiserslautern District Synod was celebrated on November 29, 1818.

In Kollweiler, in contrast to Jettenbach, the union found recognition, which was expressed through mixed denominational marriages.

Today's religion

In 2012, 54.0 percent of the population were Protestant and 20.9 percent Catholic. The rest belonged to another religion or were non-denominational.

politics

Municipal council

The local council in Kollweiler consists of twelve council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary local mayor as chairman. By the 2019 election there were eight council members.

The distribution of seats in the municipal council:

choice	SPD	FWG	total
2019	7th	5	12 seats
2014	5	3	8 seats
2009	5	3	8 seats
2004	5	3	8 seats

• FWG = Free Voting Group Kollweiler e. V.

mayor

The local mayor of Kollweiler is Claudia Zahneißen (SPD). In a runoff election on June 16, 2019, she was elected with 55.70% of the vote, after none of the original three candidates had achieved the necessary majority in the direct election on May 26, 2019. She is the successor to Hartmut Schmitt (SPD).

coat of arms

	Blazon : "Under the head of the shield, split by black and gold, inside three five-pointed stars in mixed colors, split by gold and black, on the right a black orb with a golden clasp and black cross, on the left a red-armored and tongued golden lion." It was approved by the Neustadt district government in 1975 .
	Reasons for the coat of arms: The Palatinate lion refers to the former belonging to the Electoral Palatinate.

Cultural monument

There are a total of two objects on site that are listed , including the parish church .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Kollweiler is a downright farming village which, due to its infrastructure, has meanwhile mostly only operated agriculture as a sideline and since 2009 has only had one full farmer. The Rothselberg wind farm is partially located in the Kollweiler district.

traffic

The state roads 369 and 372 run through Kollweiler and cross in the middle of town and run together for a while. The former runs from Schwedelbach to Eßweiler and the latter from Reichenbach-Steegen to Offenbach-Hundheim .

Originally the railway line, called the Bachbahn , was supposed to lead from Lampertsmühle-Otterbach to Reichenbach via Kollweiler, but this was dropped for topographical reasons. After the line was completed from 1912 to Weilerbach, the remnant Reichenbach followed in 1920; the only stopover in Schwedelbach was the closest from Kollweiler. Passenger traffic ended in 1972, freight traffic in 1994; in the meantime the line has been closed.

Institutions

The schoolhouse, built in 1892 and comprising two classrooms , is now used as a residential building. With the dissolution of the local elementary school in 1968, the halls were converted into a village community center. It is administered by the "hall community". A central aqueduct was built relatively early. It was completed in 1904 , including the pumping station, at a price of 29,500  marks . Kollweiler got electric light in 1922. The local road network was expanded between 1963 and 1968. A cemetery hall was built in 1973 and 1974. By joining the Schwedelbach Kindergarten Association , Erzenhausen, Schwedelbach and Kollweiler set up their own kindergarten in Schwedelbach. The Kollweiler district currently covers 559  hectares . In 1987, the Jettenbacher Strasse was completed with the corresponding supply and media lines.

Personalities

• Peter Kleemann II. (1858–1931), mill doctor, civil engineering contractor, economist , mayor
• Karl Kleemann (1904–1969), teacher, politician (NSDAP)
• Anna Herta Zimmermann (1921–2003), the bus turning point was named after her ("Änni-Zimmermann-Platz")

Web links

Commons : Kollweiler  - Collection of Images

• Kollweiler on the website of the Verbandsgemeinde
• Homepage of Kollweiler
• Literature about Kollweiler in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Martin Dolch, Albert Greule: Historisches Siedlungsnamebuch der Pfalz. 1991
3. ↑ Hans-Joachim Eberts, Kollweiler
4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Eberts: The Catholic Inhabitants of the Parish Reichenbach Vol. 1 1685-1811 (2005); Vol. 2 1812-1900 (2009)
5. ^ Michael Cappel, Klaus Leonhard: Local history and house owner chronicle Jettenbach
6. ↑ KommWis, as of December 31, 2012
7. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: City Council Election 2019 Kollweiler. Retrieved October 28, 2019 . 
8. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Municipal elections 2014, city and municipal council elections
9. ^ The State Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: direct elections 2019. see Weilerbach, Verbandsgemeinde, third line of results. Retrieved October 28, 2019 . 
10. ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate. Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, ISBN 3-9801574-2-3 .
11. ^ Ernst Christmann: Ortsgeschichte Kollweiler , 1962
12. ^ Ernst Christmann: Ortsgeschichte Kollweiler , 1962