Baiertal

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Baiertal
City of Wiesloch
Baiertal coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 24 ″  E
Height : 169 m
Residents : 4506  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : January 31, 1972
Postal code : 69168
Area code : 06222

Baiertal has been part of the city of Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district since 1972 and is located in the north-west of Baden-Württemberg . The district has around 4500 inhabitants.

geography

Geographical location

The formerly independent district of Baiertal, which has been part of the large district town of Wiesloch since January 31, 1972, is one of the oldest villages in the Rhein-Neckar district. It is located in the northwestern Kraichgau , the hilly, undulating depression between the forest-covered red sandstone Odenwald and the Black Forest at 144–234 m above sea level. The highest elevation with 233.7 m is in the northeast of the district, the Steinershöhle, the lowest with 144 m at the former Horrenberg train station. Neighboring places are Wiesloch, Schatthausen , Unterhof , Dielheim and Maisbach (Nußloch) .

climate

The area is climatically similar to the Rhine plain . With a little less warmth, moderate precipitation falls as the rain clouds pass through the Kraichgau valley. In the Wiesloch area there is an average rainfall of 770 mm per year. The July temperature is over 18 ° C and the average annual temperature 9.4 ° C ( Heidelberg 10.4 ° C)

Waters

The brooks of the Baiertaler district drain indirectly to the Rhine . Maisbach and Klingenbruchgraben flow into the Gauangelbach , which flows into the Leimbach not far from the municipality of Dielheim , which flows into the Rhine near Brühl . The strong water turbidity of the streams is caused by considerable loess loam runoff. This gave the Leimbach (Lehmbach) its name.

history

Early settlement and first mention

Due to its favorable location, Baiertal was probably settled as early as the Neolithic Age; there are also Roman and Alemannic finds in this area, which is near the intersection of the trade routes Speyer - Heilbronn - Nuremberg and Frankfurt - Heidelberg - Karlsruhe .

The place is first mentioned in a document on April 29, 841, at the time of Emperor Lothar I , in the Lorsch Codex . The certificate documents a donation from the men Ruotpert and Nending to the Lorsch monastery , u. a. ten acres of land in Baiertal, then known as “Buridal”.

Buri means possession in Old High German and dal means valley simply translated it means possession in the valley . It is assumed that this means a property with grazing rights that is removed from the actual mother settlement and it is concluded from this that Baiertal was an expansion settlement on the more remote pasture grounds of the neighboring town of Dielheim , from where Baiertal was also looked after by the church.

Ownership in the Middle Ages and early modern times

Little is known about the early ownership structure in Baiertal. From the 12th to the 14th century, the Lords of Hohenhart probably owned most of Baiertal and exercised local rule there. In 1160 a Konrad von Hohenhart is mentioned. In 1369 Ulrich von Hohenhart sold a quarter of the village to the Strahlberger Vogt Peter Storre. This part came in 1371 to the Teutonic Knights , while the remaining former noble descent to the Palatinate came, the so ministerials , so electoral administrators, belehnte .

The lower aristocratic fiefs were very fragmented in the course of time through sales and inheritance divisions and passed through the hands of numerous lords. The Bettendorff had a significant share in the village , a smaller part came to the barons of Üxküll-Gyllenband via the Helmstatt , Berlichingen , Lietzen and Stengel , the smallest part of the village came to the Leoprechting via the Helmstatt, Scheibel , Süchteln , Auerbach and May . The Lobenfeld Monastery and later the Lobenfeld Schaffnei as well as the parishes in Dielheim and Wiesloch had other property on site . Many goods in Wiesloch, including most of the Teutonic Order were in perpetual lease granted to existing tenants.

Legally, the complicated ownership structure was written down in 1561, after the elector Friedrich III. The contract concluded a year earlier on the Meckesheimer Zent established the electoral Palatinate sovereignty over the aristocratic junkers of the Kraichgau , including in Baiertal. The half of the village to the left of the creek was therefore part of the Electoral Palatinate Meckesheimer Zent, ​​and to the right of the creek to the knight canton of Kraichgau . The two halves of the Baiertaler each had their own mayor . The local rule was a condominium of the Teutonic Order and the respective resident noble families.

Baiertal, like the whole of the Electoral Palatinate, was hit several times by the effects of war during the Thirty Years' War . In the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697), the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1712) and the Second Coalition War (1799–1802), the community had to provide money and food for armies passing through, citizens were called in to serve and had to provide quarters; In some cases, necessary goods were also confiscated.

After the warlike 17th century, shortly after 1700, Jews were admitted to Baiertal for the first time by the Teutonic Order, and from 1717 the barons of Bettendorff also settled Mennonites .

From 1803: Baiertal as part of Baden

By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, the part of the Electoral Palatinate of Baiertal came to the new Grand Duchy of Baden . In 1805 Baden also occupied the formerly German-Nordic part of the place "beyond the brook". In 1807 the whole of Baiertal was then subordinated to the manorial rule of the then Kondomini, i.e. the barons von Bettendorff , von Uexküll and von Leoprechting , under the sovereignty of Baden.

In 1812 7,000 soldiers from Baden, including eleven Baiertaler, moved to Russia in Napoleon's entourage. Only a few returned from the failed campaign .

With the transition to the new state of Baden, the centuries-long history of Baiertal and its neighboring towns came to an end; In the new territorial state, which comprised very heterogeneous areas, a constitutional constitution and a modern, efficient administrative structure were introduced for the first time: In 1809 Baiertal became part of the Neckar District , in 1832 the newly created Lower Rhine District , and in 1863 the Heidelberg District . The 1830s brought the end of peasant serfdom , land lordship and the numerous taxes. In 1849 the previous inheritance relationships were canceled. The economic and political situation of the farmers and craftsmen deteriorated again in the middle of the 19th century, first in southern Baden, then also in the former Electoral Palatinate, to the democratic revolution of 1848/49 , in which at least eleven citizens of Baiertal took part.

After the founding of the empire in 1871, there was an economic upswing in the community as in the whole of Baden, primarily due to the cigar industry and the connection to the private branch line Wiesloch – Meckesheim / Waldangelloch, which opened in 1901 . From 1837 to 1910 the population increased by almost 70 percent, these years brought innovations such as street lighting, telegraphy, telephone, electricity supply, etc. to the town. At the same time, however, the decline of the Jewish community in Baiertal also took place from the middle of the 19th century , as many Jews migrated to more industrialized places in the course of emancipation .

In the First World War 84 Baiertaler died in the Second 127 soldiers and 10 civilians (including missing).

During the time of National Socialism , the members of the Baiertal Jewish community were expropriated, expelled and z. Some of them were murdered, the synagogue in the center of the village was destroyed, which is today a memorial stone on Synagogenplatz.

In the first two years after the war, the community had to take in around 525 displaced persons from Central and Eastern Europe, which corresponded to over 21% of the population. Years of housing shortage and unemployment were the result, but integration went well. Of the displaced persons, 62% came from Czechoslovakia (above all the Sudetenland), 25% from Hungary, 5% from Yugoslavia, 7% from the areas east of the Oder and Neisse and 1% from Austria. The distribution of denominations changed only after the numerous expellees, since then the Catholics have been in the majority.

Change to a modern residential community

Baiertal finally evolved from a rural and artisanal community into a modern residential community during the “ economic boom ”. Large areas for new homes were developed, and many people from other communities and regions settled. The population increased between 1950 and 1975 by more than 1,000 people to over 3,600.

Traditional industries such as the cigar industry, which, as in many villages in the region, had created numerous jobs, or the mining industry, which had been in operation since the first half of the 19th century, perished in the 1950s. At the same time, between 1948 and 1960, two clothing and shoe factories opened in the village, which existed until the 1970s. In addition, the share of out-commuters grew to over 800 employees by 1970. After individual transport came more and more into the foreground, the railway to Wiesloch was shut down in 1967.

After incorporation in Wiesloch on January 31, 1972, three four-story "high-rise buildings" were built in the south of the village ("Ortsweiterung Süd") as well as an industrial and commercial area on the south-eastern outskirts, to which existing companies relocated and where new industrial companies established themselves. In the 1980s, the town center was redeveloped, creating the new Raiffeisenbank and Sparkasse buildings, and in 1988 the Baiertal mountain cemetery was opened instead of the old cemetery in the center of the village.

The last major increase in population in the 1990s was the creation of a new building area with over 700 residential units in the west of the town towards Wiesloch.

Population development

year 1818 1852 1905 1939 1950 1961 1965 1970 1975 1987 2007 2019
Residents 902 1013 1631 1788 2558 2860 3045 3072 3620 3700 4489 4506

Religions

The centuries-long division of the place into a part of the Electorate of the Palatinate and a part of the Teutonic Order also had an impact on the denomination structure of the place: since the time of the Reformation in the 16th century, around two thirds of the population, v. a. Subjects of the Palatinate Elector, Protestant , the remaining third, v. a. Subject of the Teutonic Order, was Catholic . From 1802 to 1912 the local church was used as a simultaneous church by both denominations. The religious mix of the population distinguishes Baiertal from the surrounding communities, which are strongly Catholic in the south (in the area of ​​the former Hochstift Speyer ) and more Protestant in the former Electoral Palatinate north. The distribution of denominations changed only after the numerous expellees after 1945, since then the Catholics have been in the majority.

The Baiertal Jewish community existed shortly after 1700, had its own synagogue from 1800 and its own school from 1839 to 1868. The community had its largest number of members around 1850 with around 170 members, after which the size of the community declined sharply due to emigration and emigration. After there were 25 Jews in Baiertal in 1933, the community died out as a result of the persecution of Jews during the Nazi era and the deportation of the last 14 Jews to Gurs . The synagogue, desecrated during the November pogroms in 1938, was demolished a little later. Today a plaque commemorates the building on Synagogenplatz in the center of the village.

politics

administration

District administration in the old school building

After the transition to Baden, the place was administered by a Vogt from 1806 . With the reorganization of administrative relationships in all of Baden in 1832, the office of mayor was created, assisted by the local council.

Mayor since 1882
  • 1882–1903 Friedrich Wipfler
  • 1904–1913 Georg Neuburger
  • 1913–1915 Stacher local council (provisional)
  • 1915–1928 Friedrich Goos
  • 1928–1933 Goswin Laier (resigned in September 1933)
  • 1933–1945 Johannes Pfister
  • 1945–1966 Ludwig Blaser
  • 1966–1972 Karl Lepp

When integrating Baiertals to Wiesloch 1972, a location constitution for Baiertal was introduced, a Ortschaftsrat provides that including the Ortsvorstehers consists of 12 people. The former mayor Karl Lepp became the first mayor. He was followed 1975–1980 by Helmut Zimmermann and 1980–2019 by Karl-Heinz Markmann. Christian Filsinger has been the new mayor of Baiertal since November 2019.

Baiertaler coat of arms

coat of arms

The blazon of the former municipal coat of arms reads: In blue a golden crown set with three red precious stones, through which two diagonally crossed silver battle axes are inserted.

The coat of arms was adopted by Baiertal in 1901 at the suggestion of the Baden General State Archives. The oldest court seal from 1739 was already inflated with a crown. Until 1901, court and community seals were in use, which showed the letter B in the crowned shield . With the exception of the basic color, the coat of arms adopted afterwards comes from the family coat of arms of the Lords of Üxküll-Gyllenband . The two battle axes in the coat of arms are often understood as pickaxes and thus as a reminiscence of the mining that was carried out in Baiertal.

Attractions

The two churches are the most important buildings in Baiertal. The Evangelical Church was built from 1802 to 1804 near the location of the previous building. It was first used as a simultaneous church before the Catholic Gallus Church was built in 1912/13 .

The town's old schoolhouse was converted in 1965 into the seat of the municipal administration and today's district administration. The over 200 year old community fountain is located at the weighbridge place .

The lower mill in the valley of the Gauangelbach was built in 1705 and renovated after a fire in 1889. The mill operation ended in 1961. The upper mill was built in 1784 and was destroyed in 1945.

Since 2015, signs with words of the Baiertaler dialect have been attached at regular intervals to the railing of the Gauangelbach in the center of the village. Originally sponsored by the local council, and later also sponsored by local businesses or private individuals, the signs are intended to cultivate and remind people of the typical Baiertal dialect.

  • Protestant church

  • St. Gallus Catholic Church

Regular events

  • Baiertaler Advent Market: Usually takes place on the 1st Saturday of Advent
  • Baiertaler Kerwe ("Briggehossla Strooßekerwe"): Takes place every year on the 3rd weekend in September. This is a street kerwe in Alte Bahnhofstrasse and Mühlstrasse. The highlight is the annual Briehmuldepaddle , during which a rowing competition takes place in old bathtubs in the dammed Gauangelbach.
  • German championship in humans don't get angry : this has been taking place regularly in Baiertal since 2007.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture

What viticulture is to the core town of Wiesloch, fruit growing is to the Baiertal district . With around 50 hectares, the community has the largest contiguous orchard in Baden. The products of the five fruit farms have been sold and marketed by the producers themselves for years, which has proven itself very well and has earned the producers a good national reputation. In contrast, viticulture only plays a subordinate role in Baiertal, in 1988 there were only 0.75 hectares of vineyards.

In the 19th century, hemp cultivation was also important , from the middle of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century tobacco cultivation and around 1900 also hops cultivation .

Business

In the past, mining was important in Baiertal. The Romans mined metals in the area, and mining was intensified again in the high Middle Ages. In Baiertal, iron ore ( calamine ) was mined from the 1820s onwards , with limestone and marl being mined later . Today only marl is mined in Baiertal.

The Heidelberger Strickwarenfabrik GmbH settled in the otherwise rural and artisan village in 1948 , which produced clothing until the company was liquidated in 1974. Two more factories for clothing and shoes followed around 1960, but they also ceased operations in the 1970s.

The most important companies in the area today include the lime works, the manufacturer of heat sensors Engelmann Sensor and the sign manufacturer IS Industrie-Schilder .

societies

The district association Baiertal is a non-partisan and non-denominational association of local associations to promote the district.

The Baiertal game association is the largest club in town with around 800 members.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Four people who have made a special contribution to the community have been made honorary citizens of the Baiertal community.

EH Willstädter and S. Simon

The manufacturers EH Willstädter and S. Simon built the first cigar factory in Baiertal in 1869, which was an important source of income in the village for several generations. By resolution of the local council of March 16, 1898, they were made honorary citizens “in recognition of their services to the local community”.

J. Gayer and J. Kaufmann

The senior teacher Josef Gayer was made an honorary citizen on May 12, 1920, the main teacher Johann Kaufmann on November 24, 1920 with the presentation of the certificate. Josef Gayer worked as a teacher at the Baiertaler School from 1887 until his retirement on April 1, 1920, Johann Kaufmann from 1893 until he retired on November 1, 1920. Both have not only distinguished themselves through their exemplary work as teachers, but have also earned great merit in their parish.

Other personalities associated with Baiertal

literature

  • District association Baiertal (ed.): From buridal to Baiertal - a municipality leafing through its history , Wiesloch 1988
  • Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: Medieval documents about Wiesloch and Walldorf and the districts of Alt-Wiesloch, Baiertal, Frauenweiler, Hohenhardt and Schatthausen , Ubstadt-Weiher 2001.
  • State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (ed.): The city and districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description .
    • Vol. 1: General part . Karlsruhe 1966
    • Vol. 2: The city of Heidelberg and the municipalities of the district of Heidelberg . Karlsruhe 1968

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 2), Certificate 659, April 29, 841 - Reg. 3307. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 241 , accessed on January 31, 2016 .
  2. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 27.
  3. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 22, No. B6.
  4. ↑ Hildebrandt 2001, p. 23, No. B8.
  5. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 29.
  6. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 29–31.
  7. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 43.
  8. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 45–47.
  9. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 49.
  10. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 124.
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 475 .
  12. ↑ Until 1950: District description, vol. 2 , p. 385. After that until 1987: From buridal to Baiertal, p. 216. Number from 2007 to Wiesloch - details page - LEO-BW. In: leo-bw.de. Retrieved October 18, 2018 . .
  13. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 62/63.
  14. ↑ https://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/wiesloch_artikel,-wiesloch-christian-filsinger-ist-neuer-ortsvorsteher-von-baiertal-_arid,471799.html
  15. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 72/73.
  16. ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4 , p. 133
  17. ↑ the TOURNAMENT
  18. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 97/98.
  19. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 99-105.
  20. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 111–114.
  21. ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, p. 124

Web links

Commons : Baiertal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files