Birkenfeld Monastery

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Former monastery church
Cloister

The monastery Birkenfeld is a former until 1545 as such existing monastery of Cistercian nuns in Birkenfeld (Neustadt) in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Würzburg in Bavaria .

history

The monastery consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded by Friedrich III. von Zollern , Burgrave of Nuremberg, and his second wife Helena, Duchess of Saxony , founded in 1275 on a property donated by Andreas von Hohenlohe in 1245. Beneficiaries of the monastery foundation were mainly daughters of the surrounding noble families (for example from the house of the Hohenzollern , the Truchseß von Pommersfelden , the Leonrod or the Nuremberg Haller von Hallerstein ). The noble family Seckendorff zu Rennhofen, who had close ties with the monastery , set up their hereditary burial there (shortly afterwards the Rechberg family , who were equally charitable for the monastery ). The monastery, which was independent in its administration, was exempt from the Bishop of Würzburg and was subordinate to the Abbot of Ebrach with regard to the search for orders. In 1359, the castle countess Elisabeth, born von Henneberg († 1377; daughter of Berthold VII. And wife of Johann II. ), Founded the Erhard scholarship for the monastery equipped with a St. Erhard's altar and stipulated that its chaplain and endorsed clergy had their apartment in Neustadt. Two of the abbesses who were not completely independent in the decision-making powers of the bailiff who was appointed by the burggrave were Elisabeth's daughters Anna of Nuremberg († 1383) and (hereinafter) her sister Adelheid († after 1370). Like Elisabeth, the Countess Margaretha (or Margareta), born Countess of Carinthia (wife of Friedrich IV. Of Nuremberg , † 1348) , who was buried in the crypt church of the monastery, had worked charitable for the monastery. From 1360 onwards, the order supervision and the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V intervened more clearly in the administration of the monastery. The city ​​war caused fire damage and robbery at the monastery in 1388/1389.

The sermons in the monastery were from sub-basin Bacher kept pastor. This office took over in 1520 as chaplain Caspar Löner , a follower of Martin Luther and the Reformation . However, Löner was transferred to Hof by the provost of Würzburg in 1524. As elsewhere, the Peasants' War of 1525 led to robberies and damage to the monastery on May 13 with the invasion of the farmers who had gathered in Neustadt, including flaring. The last official abbess of the monastery, Kunigunda or Cunegonde II. God Field died there in 1534 or 1536. In 1529, was in part still of Cistercian nuns lived, as part of the 1536 executed Church Reformation but repealed monastery margravial stud (or a Fohlenhof), which was renewed after destruction between 1553 and 1558 by the Margrave Christian and existed there until around 1632, when mares and ruling horses were stolen in the Thirty Years War . Johann Weickersreuther, who worked as cloister administrator in Birkenfeld from 1540 and removed the traces of the war there, became the successor of Kastner Johann Keppner in Neustadt in 1564. In 1544 the monastery was taken over by Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades and in 1545 it was converted into the so-called margravial monastery office, which was supposed to administer the monastery property (in 1796 this office was incorporated into the caste office Neustadt an der Aisch ). The last administrator of the monastery, Helene von Hirsheid, was mentioned in 1545 (together with a choirwoman named Barbara von Hohenlohe). The monastery building burned down in the Second Margrave War (on June 14, 1553, the federal troops had put the Red Rooster on it) was rebuilt in 1599. The Thirty Years' War in 1631 (from November 10th) and 1632 brought plunder, horse theft and devastation to the monastery, which was especially important because of its margravial stud and foal farm, and (in the absence of the monastery administrator Marr, a former Swedish officer) on November 21, 1645 by the The imperial family saw the destruction of all their homes, buildings burned down and 70 horses (mostly mother mares) driven away. In 1698 the Birkenfeld monastery administrator Joh. Freuding built the powder mill near Neustadt an der Aisch .

In the 19th century the monastery buildings served as a quarry. In addition to the Birkenfeld monastery cemetery, the Neustädter veterinarian Hollenbach built an epidemic barn in 1865 to separate large cattle with contagious diseases. The monastery has been preserved with all four wings and is used for private residential and commercial purposes. The church (St. Maria) and the monastery building are entered in the Bavarian list of monuments.

See also

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Monastery Birkenfeld in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Salbuch of 1541 , however, assigned the chaplain to his residence in the Hofreite of the monastery (which was redesigned in 1521 according to the regulations of the order) next to the margrave's "Hofstatt" (according to a hunter ordinance from 1541, the burgraves had the right to use their hunting staff and the hunting dogs for three weeks to quarter in the monastery for a long time).
  2. ↑ The monastery bailiwick existed until 1529 and was then handed over to the Neustadt bailiff.
  3. ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950, pp. 25, 27, 57, 72 f., 75, 80, 89 f., 100 and 150–153.
  4. ↑ MAx Döllner (1950), p. 153 f.
  5. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 100, 130, 154 f. and 438.
  6. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 209 f.
  7. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 154 f., 235, 237, 250 and 252.
  8. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 339.
  9. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 440.

Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 26.8 "  N , 10 ° 34 ′ 14.2"  E