St. Burkard (Würzburg)

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St. Burkard from the Marienberg Fortress seen
The church from the Main side
Interior with altar
St. Burkard before the late Gothic extension to the transept, around 1490

St. Burkard , also called Burkard Church , is a Roman Catholic parish church and was the first monastery church in Würzburg. After the Marienkirche on the Marienberg Fortress, it is the second oldest church in Würzburg . St. Burkard has also been the parish responsible for the Mainviertel since the Middle Ages and was connected to the local chaplaincy for the military hospital and the Marienberg fortress. The monastery of the same name, the Benedictine monastery of St. Burkard , which emerged from an Andreas monastery , existed from 983 to 1464 and was a knight's monastery (collegiate monastery) from 1470 at the latest until 1803.

history

St. Burkard was named after its patron , the 742 by Boniface for the first Bishop of Würzburg consecrated holy Burkard . Around 750 he founded the St. Andreas monastery at the foot of the Marienberg. In 983, Bishop Hugo left the St. Andrew's monastery to the Benedictines . He assigned them parishes and villages, not least as an economic basis. On October 14, 986, the bones of St. Burkard were brought to the monastery in a solemn procession and buried there. Since then the monastery has been called St. Burkard after its patron saint . The abbey was consecrated by Bishop Bruno von Würzburg .

The Romanesque part of the church was consecrated in 1042. In 1168 the north portal vestibule of the nave was built. In 1250 the two east towers were raised by two stories. Around 1490 the Romanesque basilica was expanded to include a late Gothic transept and the east choir. In order to maintain the passage of the embankment, these had to be placed on candle arches . 1663–1667, the west tower and two yokes of the nave were demolished in the course of the new construction of the Würzburg fortifications . Initially, the church was part of a Benedictine monastery until 1464 and a collegiate monastery from 1464 to 1803 , whose administrative headquarters were relocated to Rückermainhof (Karmelitenstrasse 20) with the approval of the sovereign Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths in 1715. The last abbot and first provost of St. Burkard was Johannes von Allendorf. With the secularization and the associated dissolution of the monastery, the church came into the possession of the parish in 1803. The last provost of St. Burkard was Adam Friedrich Groß zu Trockau .

After Christian massacres in Syria , Gregor Ata , the Melkite Catholic Archbishop of Homs , visited the Diocese of Würzburg in 1861 to collect alms for the devastated Christian communities in his homeland and celebrated a service in the Byzantine liturgy on May 25, 1861 in the Burkard Church .

From 1890 the Burkardushof at Burkarderstraße 26 was the club house of the newly founded Catholic workers' association.

In 1930 the first parish youth center opened in the parish of St. Burkhard.

Furnishing

In the Romanesque part of the church there is a memorial stone for the Würzburg fishing guild, which has existed since 1010 . The Würzburg fishermen celebrate their existence every year on Epiphany (January 6th) in St. Burkard. There is also a memorial to the resistance of individual parishioners in the Third Reich .

Opposite the entrance is a Madonna by Tilman Riemenschneider illuminated and protected behind glass. The high altar of St. Burkard is the work of the Lohr artist Franz Wilhelm Driesler , the brothers Heinz and Matthäus Schiestl created the figurative elements. In addition to works by Riemenschneider, the equipment includes works from the Auweras' workshop .

Marien Altar with the carving by Georg Meurer (1589/1590)
Parish house of St. Burkard with a Madonna, probably created by Balthasar Esterbauer around 1700

A Marian altar (the former parish altar) created between 1589 and 1590, a winged altar for which the painter Alexander Müller painted the Passion of Christ, which was only visible when the wings are closed (on the “weekday pages”) , of the altarpiece commissioned to him in 1589 , with which the wing insides and The carving of the Würzburg master Georg or Jörg Meurer, which adorns the shrine and shows scenes from the life of Mary, still shows elements of the Gothic tradition. Altars created in the late 1660s had already disappeared in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 , the roof structure and a nave burned out, but the choir and transept were preserved. In 1950 the church was restored.

organ

The organ on the north wall of the transept of St. Burkard was built in 2003 by the organ building company Richard Rensch (Lauffen / N.) With 28 registers , two manuals and a pedal in a modern organ case . The instrument has mechanical key actions and electric stop action .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Pointed flute 8th'
3. Octave 4 ′
4th Reed flute 4 ′
5. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Forest flute 2 ′
7th Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Cornett V (from b 0 ) 8th'
9. Bach trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
10. Bourdon 8th'
11. Salicional 8th'
12. Flûte harmonique 8th'
13. Unda maris (from c 0 ) 8th'
14th Préstant 4 ′
15th Flûte octaviante 4 ′
16. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Octavine 2 ′
18th Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
19th Plein jeu IV 2 ′
20th Trompette harmonique 8th'
21st Basson-Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
23. Sub bass 16 ′
24. Octavbass 8th'
25th Pointed flute (= No. 2) 8th'
26th Quintbass 5 1 / 3 '
27. Octave (= No. 3) 4 ′
28. trombone 16 ′
29 Trumpet (= No. 9) 8th'
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P.
    • Super octave coupling: II / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / I

Bells

St. Burkhard has five bells with the striking notes cis' e 'fis' a' h ', a motif from Richard Wagner's Parsifal with an extension. Among them is the Katharinenglocke from 1249, the oldest bell in the city of Würzburg, closely followed by the Lobdeburg bell of St. Kilian's Cathedral .

No. Surname volume Weight diameter Caster Casting year
1 Margel / Maria cis' 2300 kg 1520 mm Sigmund Arnolt, Fulda 1592
2 Burcardus e ' 1240 kg 1280 mm Rudolf Perner, Passau 1986
3 Warrior memory fis' 900 kg 1160 mm Rudolf Perner, Passau 1986
4th Katharina / cat a ' 850 kg 1140 mm unknown 1249
5 Gagerle / Andreas H' 500 kg 953 mm unknown 1481

literature

  • Alfred Wendehorst : The Benedictine abbey and the aristocratic secular canon monastery St. Burkard in Würzburg. Germania Sacra NF 40: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The Diocese of Würzburg, 6th de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-018971-1 .
  • Peter Kolb, Ernst-Günter Krenig (Hrsg.): Lower Franconian history. Würzburg 1989, p. 218.
  • Konrad Schäfer, Heinrich Schießer: Life and Work of St. Burkhard. Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale 1986, ISBN 978-3-9800482-4-8 .

Web links

Commons : St. Burkard (Würzburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Weiss : The Catholic Church in the 19th Century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 430-449 and 1303, here: p. 431.
  2. ^ Elmar Hofmann: History of St. Burkard, Würzburg.
  3. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. P. 628.
  4. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2 (I: From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasant War. 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 ; II: From the Peasant War 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria 1814. 2004, ISBN 3 -8062-1477-8 ; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1, 2001, p 386-409 and 647-653, here: p. 394.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Weiss : The Catholic Church in the 19th Century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 430-449 and 1303, here: p. 432.
  6. ↑ Würzburger Anzeiger , No. 142, of May 24, 1861; (Digital scan)
  7. ^ Sybille Grübel: Timeline of the history of the city from 1814-2006. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. Volume 2, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 1225-1247; here: p. 1233.
  8. ↑ Klaus Witt City: church and state in the 20th century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 453–478 and 1304 f., Here: pp. 458–463: The era of the people's and resistance bishop Matthias Ehrenfried (1924–1948). P. 459.
  9. ↑ A colorful prelude to the 1000th anniversary of the fishing guild in St. Burkard. In: Mainpost, Würzburg edition of January 7, 2010, p. 31.
  10. ^ Gertrud P. Fels: Historicism in the church. Franz Wilhelm Driesler's studio (= church, art and culture in Franconia) . Würzburg 1996, p. 151.
  11. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 644.
  12. ↑ Werner Dettelbacher, Stefan Fröhling, Andreas Reuss: Franconia. Discovery trips between Spessart and Fichtelgebirge: Würzburg, Nuremberg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Rothenburg. 5th edition. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7701-4186-9 , p. 45 ( Google Books ).
  13. ^ Alfred Wendehorst: The Benedictine Abbey and the Secular Canonical Monastery of St. Burkard in Würzburg. In: Max Planck Institute for History (Ed.): Germania Sacra. New episode 6: The Diocese of Würzburg. Berlin 2001, pp. 18, 20-22 and 25.
  14. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 602 f., 605 and 622 .
  15. ↑ Markus Schütz: St. Burkard: the first monastery in Würzburg . In: House of Bavarian History.
  16. ↑ More information on the new Rensch organ ( memento of the original from September 12, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirchenmusik.st-burkard.de

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 ′ 23.5 "  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 29.6"  E